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CRTE Power Capacitors
CRTE Power Capacitors

YASKAWA AC Drive A1000
YASKAWA AC Drive A1000

DS3992 Two-Channel, Push-Pull CCFL Controller General Description Features
DS3992 Two-Channel, Push-Pull CCFL Controller General Description Features

... When both the DS3992 and the DC inverter supplies are at acceptable levels, the DS3992 will attempt to strike the lamps. The DS3992 slowly ramps up the MOSFET gate duty cycle until the lamp strikes. The controller detects that the lamp has struck by detecting current flow in the lamp. If during the ...
CTs Multi-Channel
CTs Multi-Channel

... he Crown® CTs 4200USP/CN and CTs 8200USP/CN power amplifiers have an integrated 3rd generation, DSP-based input module. It connects the amplifier to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network allowing it to be remotely controlled and monitored via System Architect™ software. In addition, the input module allows th ...
LT1805 - Single/Dual/Quad 100V/µs, 85MHz, Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Op Amps
LT1805 - Single/Dual/Quad 100V/µs, 85MHz, Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Op Amps

Class 4, Wide Input Range, 15-W Power over Ethernet (PoE
Class 4, Wide Input Range, 15-W Power over Ethernet (PoE

... The TPS23756 device has a combined power-over-ethernet (PoE) powered-device (PD) interface and current-mode DC-DC controller optimized specifically for isolated converters. The PoE interface supports the IEEE 802.3at standard. The TPS23756 device supports a number of input voltage ORing options incl ...
Applicability of the “Gallet Equation” to the Vegetation
Applicability of the “Gallet Equation” to the Vegetation

... The reliability of the electric power system has been adversely impacted on a number of occasions by trees growing too close to power lines. Under some conditions, there can be a flashover from the line to a tree, with the result that the protection system relays the line out. Under some circumstanc ...
ZXCT1008 Description Pin Assignments
ZXCT1008 Description Pin Assignments

... Where RLOAD represents any load including DC motors, a charging ...
Effect and Utilization of Common Source Inductance in Synchronous
Effect and Utilization of Common Source Inductance in Synchronous

... Since diode has high forward voltage drop, this will cause high power loss. For 1MHz switching frequency, deadtime loss is almost 1/3 of total sync FET loss. As switching frequency goes higher, this will becomes more serious a problem. Fig. 9 shows the comparison of body diode loss for a synchronous ...
ISL4489E, ISL4491E
ISL4489E, ISL4491E

489 Generator Protection System
489 Generator Protection System

IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)

... conventional methods because of uncertainties. Fuzzy set theory (Zadeh, 1965) which led to a new control method called Fuzzy Control which is able to cope with system uncertainties. One of the most important advantages of fuzzy control is that it can be successfully applied to control nonlinear comp ...
MK1575-01
MK1575-01

... deliver equal and opposite charge in the form of longer charge pump pulses. The increased length of the charge pump pulse will be translated directly to increased input-to-output clock skew. This can also result in higher output jitter due to higher reference clock feedthrough (where the reference c ...
Silicon-Organic Hybrid Electro-Optical Devices
Silicon-Organic Hybrid Electro-Optical Devices

... strip waveguide, a slot waveguide, a strip-loaded slot waveguide, and a double-slot waveguide; see Fig. 1. The properties of these waveguides are summarized in Table I. All waveguides depicted in Fig. 1 share the common feature of having a highrefractive index core (nSi =3.48) and a low-refractive i ...
62-0395_B - H Series Class 100 Meter Installation
62-0395_B - H Series Class 100 Meter Installation

... Once the AC voltages have been confirmed to be within acceptable limits, you are ready to install the current sensors. The MAIN power board contains three header connectors located at the bottom right of the board. The connectors are labeled A, B, and C along with conductor color indication. This fo ...
Motors and Generators - Instructor Guide
Motors and Generators - Instructor Guide

Chapter 2 : Operating Principles of MOS Transistors
Chapter 2 : Operating Principles of MOS Transistors

... formed on a p-type substrate of moderate doping level. As shown in the figure, the source and the drain regions made of two isolated islands of n+-type diffusion. These two diffusion regions are connected via metal to the external conductors. The depletion regions are mainly formed in the more light ...
ISL78310 - Intersil
ISL78310 - Intersil

... For internally fixed VOUT option, this pin provides output voltage feedback. By connecting this pin to the output rail at the load, small voltage drops caused by PCB trace resistance can be eliminated. For the adjustable output voltage option, this pin is connected to the feedback resistor divider a ...
Guidance Notes for Electrical Interlocking for Safety
Guidance Notes for Electrical Interlocking for Safety

... choice therefore includes consideration of maintenance, to ensure that the means of operating switches will move freely as required. When the atmosphere about a switch is explosive, or is not normally explosive but infrequently explosive, special precautions must be taken. Making or breaking electri ...
MAX1110/MAX1111 +2.7V, Low-Power, Multichannel, Serial 8-Bit ADCs General Description
MAX1110/MAX1111 +2.7V, Low-Power, Multichannel, Serial 8-Bit ADCs General Description

... turn forms a digital representation of the analog input ...
MAX2160/MAX2160EBG ISDB-T Single-Segment Low-IF Tuners General Description Features
MAX2160/MAX2160EBG ISDB-T Single-Segment Low-IF Tuners General Description Features

... 42dB of image rejection. The parts are capable of operating with either high-side or low-side local oscillator (LO) injection. The MAX2160/EBG’s variable-gain amplifiers provide in excess of 100dB of gain-control range. The MAX2160/EBG also include fully monolithic VCOs and tank circuits, as well as ...
amplifier models - Precision Power
amplifier models - Precision Power

CA285003EN
CA285003EN

... This rapid recovery of dielectric strength accounts for vacuums outstanding current interrupting ability and its ability to withstand high rates of rise of recovery voltages. Due to this high dielectric recovery, little contact separation (approximately 3/8”) is required and compact, low-powered act ...
Characteristics of Interleaved PFC Stages
Characteristics of Interleaved PFC Stages

... 300 W PFC pre-regulator. This approach has several merits like the ease of implementation, the use of more but smaller components or a better heat distribution. Also, Interleaving extends the power range of Critical Conduction Mode (CrM) that is an efficient and cost-effective technique (no need for ...
Manufacturer Specifications – What do they Mean
Manufacturer Specifications – What do they Mean

... performance specifications were developed from tests conducted under a particular set of conditions. If so, additional specifications, such as thermal zero shift, thermal sensitivity shift and thermal transient response error, are included to account for the variation in actual MTE operating conditi ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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