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M4000-PRO Instructions
M4000-PRO Instructions

... mini-mono plug. This feature provides an ON/OFF trigger for the M4000-PRO using a Direct Current (DC) voltage signal. Many components such as pre-amplifiers and receivers have a DC trigger built in, and will transmit a constant power signal when turned on and in use. The presence of this power signa ...
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... 225 ps Typical Propagation Delay 70 ps Typical Rise and Fall Times 0.5 ps maximum RMS Clock Jitter Differential CML Outputs, 380 mV peak−to−peak, typical LVPECL Operating Range: VCC = 2.375 V to 3.63 V with VEE = 0 V NECL Operating Range: VCC = 0 V with VEE = −2.375 V to −3.63 V Internal Input Termi ...
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... winding are placed in the slots. The coil pitch is equal for all coils and is constant – it cannot be changed during pole-changing winding reconnection. When PPM is implemented with a conventional winding, an access to basically each coil, or a group of coils, is necessary. The coils have a pitch eq ...
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... Figure 2a shows the Human Body Model, and Figure 2b shows the current waveform it generates when discharged into a low impedance. This model consists of a 100pF capacitor charged to the ESD voltage of interest, which is then discharged into the test device through a 1.5kΩ resistor. IEC 61000-4-2 The ...
NB6L11M 2.5V / 3.3V 1:2 Differential CML Fanout Buffer
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... •225 ps Typical Propagation Delay •70 ps Typical Rise and Fall Times •0.5 ps maximum RMS Clock Jitter •Differential CML Outputs, 380 mV peak-to-peak, typical •LVPECL Operating Range: VCC = 2.375 V to 3.63 V with VEE = 0 V •NECL Operating Range: VCC = 0 V with VEE = -2.375 V to -3.63 V •Intern ...
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... multiple antennas. In the case of cellular antennas, these multiple antennas are necessary to support different wireless protocols such as 2G/3G/4G, near field communication (NFC), WiFi®/Bluetooth®, GPS and FM radio. The situation is further complicated by 4G LTE-Advanced technology. It is expected ...
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... the input where it is amplified again and so on, a bit like my childhood project. Ultimately a state of equilibrium is reached where the losses in the circuit are made good by consuming power from the power supply and the frequency of oscillation is determined by the external components, be they ind ...
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... The low voltage supply is provided by a resistor and a Zener diode acting as a voltage divider. The ½ watt 82k Ohm resistor (R49) limits the current flow, and the Zener keeps the voltage at about 5V DC. A 100uF capacitor (C2) across the Zener filters the 5V power supply, keeping it stiff, and allo ...
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... Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein: A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which: ...
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... In Exercise 2, you learned that SVCs are commonly used for voltage compensation in ac transmission lines since they allow tight, fast, and effective control of the voltage at the receiver end of the line (and along the line when used in transmission substations). SVCs achieve this by supplying the e ...
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... The slew rate of the SP3220E and SP3220EB outputs are internally limited to a maximum of 30V/ µs in order to meet the EIA standards (EIA RS232D 2.1.7, Paragraph 5). The transition of the loaded output from HIGH to LOW also meets the monotonicity requirements of the standard. The slew rate of the SP3 ...
DS3994 4-Channel Cold-Cathode Fluorescent Lamp Controller General Description
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... Note 2: During fault conditions, the AC-coupled feedback values are allowed to be outside the Absolute Maximum Rating of the LCM or OVD pin for up to 1 second. Note 3: Voltage including the DC offset, VDCB. Note 4: This is the minimum pulse width guaranteed to generate an output burst, which will ge ...
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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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