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GENESYS - TDK
GENESYS - TDK

... These products are high-power equipment with input power > 1kW for professional use and installation, Class A as defined by EN 55022: 1998+A1:2000+A2:2003 and EN 61000-3.3:1995+A2:2005. Futther, all products covered by this declaration are manufactured in accordance with ISO9001:2001 which ensure co ...
Schottky diode IV Characteristics
Schottky diode IV Characteristics

AD5273 数据手册DataSheet下载
AD5273 数据手册DataSheet下载

MAX5825A Evaluation Kit Evaluates: MAX5823/MAX5824/ MAX5825A/MAX5825B General Description
MAX5825A Evaluation Kit Evaluates: MAX5823/MAX5824/ MAX5825A/MAX5825B General Description

... the external voltage reference IC (U7). The external 2.5V reference can be connected between the EXT_REF pin and its corresponding ground. Select the External Ref radio button and type the reference voltage into the edit box. Removing the shunt from jumper JU11 allows internal reference options, whi ...
9.2 Schmitt Trigger
9.2 Schmitt Trigger

... — Outputs source and sink equal currents — Outputs drive to supply rails 对称的, 均匀的 • Positive and negative-going thresholds show low variation with respect to temperature • Wide supply range (3V–15V), split supplies possible • Low power consumption, even during transitions • High noise immunity, 0.70 ...
Voltage recovery after unbalanced and balanced voltage dips in
Voltage recovery after unbalanced and balanced voltage dips in

... three-phase systems has been studied. The recovery is different for different types of faults. For dips due to single-phase and phase-to-phase faults, the recovery takes place in only one step, so that a point-on-wave of voltage recovery can be defined. For dips due to two-phase-to-ground and three- ...
200 W Game Console AC-DC Adapter
200 W Game Console AC-DC Adapter

... GreenPointt solution for a Game Console AC-DC adapter. The reference design is targeted for the XBOXE Game Console from Microsoft®. The block diagram of the architecture used in this reference design is shown in Figure1. As seen in the figure, this reference design employs an Active Clamp Forward t ...
DS8005 Smart Card Interface General Description Features
DS8005 Smart Card Interface General Description Features

... AUX2). It is suitable for SIM/SAM interfacing, as well as for applications where only the I/O line is used to communicate with a smart card. ...
Product Manual
Product Manual

... transfer of electrical loads occurs automatically when the UTILITY power source has failed or is substantially reduced and the GENERATOR source voltage and frequency have reached an acceptable level. The transfer switch prevents electrical feedback between two different power sources (such as the UT ...
Using VRC_CTL to Control an External VDD_LV Supply on the
Using VRC_CTL to Control an External VDD_LV Supply on the

... • The internal regulator (FPREG) is enabled and controls the voltage applied to the VDD_LV pins. On MPC5748G, an external ballast transistor is required to dissipate the power lost in going from the ballast supply voltage to the 1.25 V VDD_LV. • The VRC_CTL pin is controlled by the internal FREG and ...
Design of a proper set-up for low current
Design of a proper set-up for low current

... External (non-USB) power can come from either an AC-to-DC adapter or a battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Lead from a battery can be inserted in the GND and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. By default it is provided 5V f ...
LTC3541-3
LTC3541-3

... Other Portable Power Systems ...
74LCX574 Low Voltage Octal D-Type Flip-Flop with 5V Tolerant Inputs and Outputs
74LCX574 Low Voltage Octal D-Type Flip-Flop with 5V Tolerant Inputs and Outputs

... The buffered clock and buffered Output Enable are common to all flip-flops. The eight flip-flops will store the state of their individual D inputs that meet the setup and hold time requirements on the LOW-to-HIGH Clock (CP) transition. With the Output Enable (OE) LOW, the contents of the eight flip- ...
How to Select an Actuator
How to Select an Actuator

... with high cycle rates. Special preparation of pneumatic actuators—including special solenoids, piping, and quick-exhaust valves—may be required to achieve high cycle speeds. The cycle speeds of electric actuators cannot be increased, only slowed. This is easily accomplished with the specification of ...
Tech Brief 1 MicroLAN Design Guide
Tech Brief 1 MicroLAN Design Guide

Power factor correction: a guide for the plant engineer
Power factor correction: a guide for the plant engineer

... less than full load. This often occurs in cycle processes—such as those using circular saws, ball mills, conveyors, compressors, grinders, punch presses, and the like—where motors are sized for the heaviest load. Examples of situations where low power factor (from 30% to 50%) occur include a surface ...
PAM2305 Description Pin Assignments
PAM2305 Description Pin Assignments

... This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2VOUT, where IRMS = IOUT /2. This simple worst-case condition is commonly used for design because even significant deviations do not offer much relief. Note that the capacitor manufacturer's ripple current ratings are often based on 2000 hours of life. This makes ...
medium-voltage switchgear
medium-voltage switchgear

... Stainless Steel Gas Vessel: The vessel housing the load interrupter switch shall be housed in a laser welded stainless steel gas vessel. It shall be hermetically sealed without means of adding or removing gas. Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas shall be installed in the vessel for the interrupting medium ...
Theory of Operation and VDD Fault Scenario
Theory of Operation and VDD Fault Scenario

Power Supply - FormFactors.org
Power Supply - FormFactors.org

... MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers m ...
Design Challenges in Backlighting LCD TVs
Design Challenges in Backlighting LCD TVs

... are actually electronically controlled light valves that require a backlight source in order to produce a visible image. LCD TVs typically use cold-cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) for this purpose. Other technologies such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are being considered, but high cost has limit ...
REG101-25 数据资料 dataSheet 下载
REG101-25 数据资料 dataSheet 下载

... topology provides significant improvement over previous designs, including low dropout voltage (only 60mV typ at full load), and better transient performance. In addition, no output capacitor is required for stability, unlike conventional low-dropout regulators that are difficult to compensate and r ...
A Guide to Digital Fault Recording Event Analysis
A Guide to Digital Fault Recording Event Analysis

... switching events, insulator flashing, etc. These types of transient events are usually short-lived and fast; therefore, they do not require long record lengths unless faults have cascaded into multiple system elements or a fault has remained in the system longer than normal. In these cases longer tr ...
Section 16482 - Siemens Industry
Section 16482 - Siemens Industry

... Analog inputs shall include a filter; programmable from 0.01 to 10 seconds to remove any oscillation in the input signal. The minimum and maximum values (gain and offset) shall be adjustable within the range of 0 - 20 ma and 0 - 10 Volts. Additionally, the reference must be able to be scaled so that ...
MK Dimming Compatibility Guide
MK Dimming Compatibility Guide

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Pulse-width modulation



Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal. Although this modulation technique can be used to encode information for transmission, its main use is to allow the control of the power supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors. In addition, PWM is one of the two principal algorithms used in photovoltaic solar battery chargers, the other being MPPT.The average value of voltage (and current) fed to the load is controlled by turning the switch between supply and load on and off at a fast rate. The longer the switch is on compared to the off periods, the higher the total power supplied to the load.The PWM switching frequency has to be much higher than what would affect the load (the device that uses the power), which is to say that the resultant waveform perceived by the load must be as smooth as possible. Typically switching has to be done several times a minute in an electric stove, 120 Hz in a lamp dimmer, from few kilohertz (kHz) to tens of kHz for a motor drive and well into the tens or hundreds of kHz in audio amplifiers and computer power supplies.The term duty cycle describes the proportion of 'on' time to the regular interval or 'period' of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When a switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on and power is being transferred to the load, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle.PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has been used to convey information over a communications channel.
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