Proceedings of the Pittsburgh Workshop in History - Philsci
... According to Millstein, drift as a process can be characterized as an indiscriminate sampling process. The contrast, of course, is with a discriminate sampling process. And the difference between discriminate and indiscriminate sampling processes is itself easy to understand. A sampling process is ...
... According to Millstein, drift as a process can be characterized as an indiscriminate sampling process. The contrast, of course, is with a discriminate sampling process. And the difference between discriminate and indiscriminate sampling processes is itself easy to understand. A sampling process is ...
The Paleobiological Revolution
... of organisms which it studies, the evolutionary methods suggested by geneticists and evolutionists shall not contradict its data.”8 In other words, paleontologists should be content with the role assigned them ever since Darwin—to document and verify historical confirmation of the processes biologis ...
... of organisms which it studies, the evolutionary methods suggested by geneticists and evolutionists shall not contradict its data.”8 In other words, paleontologists should be content with the role assigned them ever since Darwin—to document and verify historical confirmation of the processes biologis ...
Culture, evolution and the puzzle of human cooperation
... that people can be quite particular about who they will help, when, and how much. First, people act frequently, and sometimes at great cost to themselves, to help their families, especially their kids. Why is that? People help friends, and sometimes acquaintances, but there is something different abo ...
... that people can be quite particular about who they will help, when, and how much. First, people act frequently, and sometimes at great cost to themselves, to help their families, especially their kids. Why is that? People help friends, and sometimes acquaintances, but there is something different abo ...
Unifying Biology: The Evolutionary Synthesis and
... nineteenth century,' biology was characterized by disunity to such I Just when biology emerged as legitimate and autonomous science has been a contentious issue for historians of biology. Though the term was coined in the early years of the nineteenth century, an autonomous science of life, I will a ...
... nineteenth century,' biology was characterized by disunity to such I Just when biology emerged as legitimate and autonomous science has been a contentious issue for historians of biology. Though the term was coined in the early years of the nineteenth century, an autonomous science of life, I will a ...
Chimpocentrism and reconstructions of human evolution (a timely
... explain the size of the human brain. But, our model is also consistent with the technical brain hypothesis, according to which the hominid colonization of savanna and more temperate habitats (shifts chimpanzees supposedly never made) demanded higher technical ingenuity (Washburn, 1960). Further, it ...
... explain the size of the human brain. But, our model is also consistent with the technical brain hypothesis, according to which the hominid colonization of savanna and more temperate habitats (shifts chimpanzees supposedly never made) demanded higher technical ingenuity (Washburn, 1960). Further, it ...
Multidimensional convergence stability
... assumed to hold when one deals with so-called optimality models. In spite of their quite special nature, optimality models have played a very important role in life-history theory. EXAMPLE OF FISHER’S RUNAWAY PROCESS One can readily find multidimensional examples where a point in the trait space is ...
... assumed to hold when one deals with so-called optimality models. In spite of their quite special nature, optimality models have played a very important role in life-history theory. EXAMPLE OF FISHER’S RUNAWAY PROCESS One can readily find multidimensional examples where a point in the trait space is ...
Losos_Seeing - Harvard University
... of the tools available to comparative biologists; like any tool, the phylogenetic approach is good at addressing some questions, but less successful in addressing others (Systma and Pires, 2001).6 Many Traits in Many Clades Do Not Exhibit Phylogenetic Effect Two surveys from nearly a decade ago diff ...
... of the tools available to comparative biologists; like any tool, the phylogenetic approach is good at addressing some questions, but less successful in addressing others (Systma and Pires, 2001).6 Many Traits in Many Clades Do Not Exhibit Phylogenetic Effect Two surveys from nearly a decade ago diff ...
A Survey of Diversity-Oriented Optimization 1 Introduction - IC
... Pauling summarized the process of discovery [Pauling, 1960] as ’the best way to get a good idea is to get a lot of ideas’. Indeed, modern computational tools for drug discovery can be described as diversity-oriented search for generating a set of promising alternatives [van der Horst et al., 2012]. ...
... Pauling summarized the process of discovery [Pauling, 1960] as ’the best way to get a good idea is to get a lot of ideas’. Indeed, modern computational tools for drug discovery can be described as diversity-oriented search for generating a set of promising alternatives [van der Horst et al., 2012]. ...
Niche construction in evolutionary theory: the construction
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 19, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/109793. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 19, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/109793. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
Origins of evolutionary transitions
... The challenge of explaining a transition is not to explain how amoebae can be transformed into polar bears, or even how human muscle cells can be transformed into human beings, but rather, to understand how an object of the type exemplified in State One could be transformed into an object of the typ ...
... The challenge of explaining a transition is not to explain how amoebae can be transformed into polar bears, or even how human muscle cells can be transformed into human beings, but rather, to understand how an object of the type exemplified in State One could be transformed into an object of the typ ...
Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change
... mechanisms and patterns: natural selection, punctuated equilibrium, market niche selection, and technological niche selection. In each pattern, a different type of niche is implicated in the change process. The difference between niches results from differentiating between two dimensions: (1) whethe ...
... mechanisms and patterns: natural selection, punctuated equilibrium, market niche selection, and technological niche selection. In each pattern, a different type of niche is implicated in the change process. The difference between niches results from differentiating between two dimensions: (1) whethe ...
The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making
... an evolutionary approach of decision making. Then I explore different selection processes and how they can influence a decision mechanism. Considering the kinds of pressures acting on decisions can help evaluate the feasibility of their mechanisms. Psychologists often characterize the cognitive buil ...
... an evolutionary approach of decision making. Then I explore different selection processes and how they can influence a decision mechanism. Considering the kinds of pressures acting on decisions can help evaluate the feasibility of their mechanisms. Psychologists often characterize the cognitive buil ...
How is Biological Explanation Possible?
... manifest the same relationship. Since the importance of frequency-dependent selection became apparent, it has been recognized that an interbreeding population can be an environmental force in¯uencing its own evolutionary course. At least since the work of Waters,3 philosophers have recognized that a ...
... manifest the same relationship. Since the importance of frequency-dependent selection became apparent, it has been recognized that an interbreeding population can be an environmental force in¯uencing its own evolutionary course. At least since the work of Waters,3 philosophers have recognized that a ...
Full Text PDF - Edorium™ Journal of Anatomy and Embryology
... branching, and form the respiratory tree through the terminal bronchioles by the end of the canalicular stage. During the sacular stage, the bronchioles divide into the respiratory bronchioles and eventually into the terminal sacs (also termed primitive alveoli). Around week 36, the terminal sacs be ...
... branching, and form the respiratory tree through the terminal bronchioles by the end of the canalicular stage. During the sacular stage, the bronchioles divide into the respiratory bronchioles and eventually into the terminal sacs (also termed primitive alveoli). Around week 36, the terminal sacs be ...
Evolution, genes, and inter-disciplinary personality research
... inhibiting progressive research. Before the trait approach integrated factor-analytic, crosscultural and behaviour genetic studies of personality structure, personality psychology was a mess—a hodgepodge of Freud, Rogers, Maslow and other ‘classic figures’ who were long on theory and short on data. F ...
... inhibiting progressive research. Before the trait approach integrated factor-analytic, crosscultural and behaviour genetic studies of personality structure, personality psychology was a mess—a hodgepodge of Freud, Rogers, Maslow and other ‘classic figures’ who were long on theory and short on data. F ...
Niche construction theory - synergy
... “complementary match” between organism and environment: It places emphasis on the capacity of organisms to modify environmental states (Lewontin, 1983; Odling-Smee, 1988; Odling-Smee et al., 2003), often but not exclusively, in a manner that suits their genotypes (Fig. 1b). Such matches should be th ...
... “complementary match” between organism and environment: It places emphasis on the capacity of organisms to modify environmental states (Lewontin, 1983; Odling-Smee, 1988; Odling-Smee et al., 2003), often but not exclusively, in a manner that suits their genotypes (Fig. 1b). Such matches should be th ...
POSSIBLE LARGEST-SCALE TRENDS IN ORGANISMAL
... disordered collisions among fluid molecules (i.e. by conduction) from source below to sink above. If the gradient is increased above the threshold, however, the fluid flow spontaneously becomes structured at a large scale. Viewed from above, the surface of the fluid is no longer a smooth sheet but r ...
... disordered collisions among fluid molecules (i.e. by conduction) from source below to sink above. If the gradient is increased above the threshold, however, the fluid flow spontaneously becomes structured at a large scale. Viewed from above, the surface of the fluid is no longer a smooth sheet but r ...
use of an explicit method for distinguishing exaptations from
... recognition criteria to distinguish between the evolutionary terms adaptation and exaptation. Our cladogram identifies 14 specific exaptations for the conquest of land by vertebrates and one possible adaptation, from a total of 16 features associated with the conquest of the land environment (the re ...
... recognition criteria to distinguish between the evolutionary terms adaptation and exaptation. Our cladogram identifies 14 specific exaptations for the conquest of land by vertebrates and one possible adaptation, from a total of 16 features associated with the conquest of the land environment (the re ...
Austrian Economics—The Ultimate Achievement of an Intellectual
... moral superiority might give an individual and his children a small advantage over other members of his tribe but a number of individuals “possessing in a high degree the spirit of patriotism, fidelity, obedience, courage and sympathy” within a tribe would give that tribe a large advantage over othe ...
... moral superiority might give an individual and his children a small advantage over other members of his tribe but a number of individuals “possessing in a high degree the spirit of patriotism, fidelity, obedience, courage and sympathy” within a tribe would give that tribe a large advantage over othe ...
Ecology, Evolution, and Aesthetics
... Allen Carlson has argued that a proper aesthetics of nature must judge nature for ‘what it is’, and that such judgements must be informed by a scientific understanding of nature, in particular, one shaped by the science of ecology. Carlson uses these claims to support his theory of positive aestheti ...
... Allen Carlson has argued that a proper aesthetics of nature must judge nature for ‘what it is’, and that such judgements must be informed by a scientific understanding of nature, in particular, one shaped by the science of ecology. Carlson uses these claims to support his theory of positive aestheti ...
Evolutionary tree of volvocine algae
... An evolutionary tree of volvocine algae based on the nucleotide sequences of five chloroplast genes. This phylogenetic analysis indicates that multicellularity evolved only once in this group. In contrast, a partial germ-soma division of labor evolved independently in three different lineages and wa ...
... An evolutionary tree of volvocine algae based on the nucleotide sequences of five chloroplast genes. This phylogenetic analysis indicates that multicellularity evolved only once in this group. In contrast, a partial germ-soma division of labor evolved independently in three different lineages and wa ...
Two Ways of Thinking about Fitness and Natural Selection
... acceleration, or, reversing the order of these operations, first feed the component forces into the second law one by one and then use vector addition to combine the separate acceleration vectors that result. In other words, acceleration under the sum of component forces is just the same as the sum ...
... acceleration, or, reversing the order of these operations, first feed the component forces into the second law one by one and then use vector addition to combine the separate acceleration vectors that result. In other words, acceleration under the sum of component forces is just the same as the sum ...
as a PDF
... the role of natural selection in different ecological environments leading to divergent designs in terms of form and function. Such accounts are indeed impressive and it is perhaps all too easy to infer that natural selection is all-powerful. However, different types of generative constraint could a ...
... the role of natural selection in different ecological environments leading to divergent designs in terms of form and function. Such accounts are indeed impressive and it is perhaps all too easy to infer that natural selection is all-powerful. However, different types of generative constraint could a ...
Curriculum Vitæ - Universidade de Coimbra
... Coimbra (CISUC) (1998-2000) • Head of the Scientific Board of the Department of Informatics Engineering of the University of Coimbra (2006 - 2008) ...
... Coimbra (CISUC) (1998-2000) • Head of the Scientific Board of the Department of Informatics Engineering of the University of Coimbra (2006 - 2008) ...
Plasticity and evolution in correlated suites of traits
... We calculated values over random selection gradients to determine average and maximum values. We meanstandardized the data as our behavioural data were on different measurement scales. Evolvability parameters were calculated using the program ‘evolvability’ in R (R 3.1.2, The R Foundation for Statis ...
... We calculated values over random selection gradients to determine average and maximum values. We meanstandardized the data as our behavioural data were on different measurement scales. Evolvability parameters were calculated using the program ‘evolvability’ in R (R 3.1.2, The R Foundation for Statis ...