Ernst Mayr, 1904-2005
... evolutionary theory in three dimensions— one or two more than the population geneticists of the 1930s had been playing with. (His long-time paleontologist colleague, George Gaylord Simpson, receives credit for adding the fourth dimension, deep time.) Mayr, inspired by Dobzhansky’s (1937) Genetics an ...
... evolutionary theory in three dimensions— one or two more than the population geneticists of the 1930s had been playing with. (His long-time paleontologist colleague, George Gaylord Simpson, receives credit for adding the fourth dimension, deep time.) Mayr, inspired by Dobzhansky’s (1937) Genetics an ...
Introduction to Phylum Chordata
... • Presumably, segmentation of muscles developed as an adaptation for undulatory swimming and rapid burrowing ...
... • Presumably, segmentation of muscles developed as an adaptation for undulatory swimming and rapid burrowing ...
author`s proof!
... in question generates beliefs that reliably cause certain kinds of behaviors, and these behaviors (finding food, avoiding predators) increases an organism’s inclusive fitness, then 2 is acceptable and the argument succeeds. But, if reliability means nothing more than reliably increases an organism’s ...
... in question generates beliefs that reliably cause certain kinds of behaviors, and these behaviors (finding food, avoiding predators) increases an organism’s inclusive fitness, then 2 is acceptable and the argument succeeds. But, if reliability means nothing more than reliably increases an organism’s ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... actually taken place in the past history of various organisms may be traced. Second, the mechanisms that bring about evolutionary changes may be studied. The present book is dedicated to a discussion of the mechanisms of species formation in terms of the known facts and theories of genetics". The bo ...
... actually taken place in the past history of various organisms may be traced. Second, the mechanisms that bring about evolutionary changes may be studied. The present book is dedicated to a discussion of the mechanisms of species formation in terms of the known facts and theories of genetics". The bo ...
Review of P. Godfrey-Smith`s Darwinian populations and natural
... Second, PGS offers a critique of our anthropomorphic, often axiological, tendencies when describing the living world. This includes the agential view, examined in discussions on replicators and memes, which often leads to ‘Darwinian paranoia’ – the tendency to think about evolution in terms of hidde ...
... Second, PGS offers a critique of our anthropomorphic, often axiological, tendencies when describing the living world. This includes the agential view, examined in discussions on replicators and memes, which often leads to ‘Darwinian paranoia’ – the tendency to think about evolution in terms of hidde ...
The evolutionary synthesis and Th. Dobzhansky
... To answer the question what intellectual load has been taken away by Th. Dobzhansky from Russia it is necessary to describe some traits of so-called ―the crisis of Darwinism‖.8 It was not only the critical period of a transition from classical Darwinism to Darwinism of 20th century, but also a decis ...
... To answer the question what intellectual load has been taken away by Th. Dobzhansky from Russia it is necessary to describe some traits of so-called ―the crisis of Darwinism‖.8 It was not only the critical period of a transition from classical Darwinism to Darwinism of 20th century, but also a decis ...
Available Online
... it is never the case that the canonical coevolutionary setup should be favored. The generality of this result, however, is an open question. Utilizing this information, a novel “Dynamic Virulence” algorithm is introduced. This algorithm adapts population virulence over time as populations evolve. It ...
... it is never the case that the canonical coevolutionary setup should be favored. The generality of this result, however, is an open question. Utilizing this information, a novel “Dynamic Virulence” algorithm is introduced. This algorithm adapts population virulence over time as populations evolve. It ...
EvoDevo and niche construction: building bridges
... many cases the ‘‘controlling genes’’ may themselves have been selected as a result of development-induced changes in the selective environment (Laland and Sterelny, 2006). For example, it is often assumed that the ultimate explanation for why earthworms modify soils is that selection has furnished t ...
... many cases the ‘‘controlling genes’’ may themselves have been selected as a result of development-induced changes in the selective environment (Laland and Sterelny, 2006). For example, it is often assumed that the ultimate explanation for why earthworms modify soils is that selection has furnished t ...
Understanding Evolution
... Evolutionary theory is the central theory of biology. It explains the unity of life by documenting how extant and extinct species share a common ancestry. It also explains the diversity of life by describing how species have evolved from ancestral ones through natural processes. Charles Darwin laid ...
... Evolutionary theory is the central theory of biology. It explains the unity of life by documenting how extant and extinct species share a common ancestry. It also explains the diversity of life by describing how species have evolved from ancestral ones through natural processes. Charles Darwin laid ...
Generalizing Darwinism to Social Evolution
... Campus, Hatfield, U.K. He is very grateful to Kevin Greene, David Hull, Thorbjørn Knudsen, Richard Nelson, Jack Vromen, and anonymous referees for valuable comments on earlier versions of this essay. It draws on material from his 2004 book, The Evolution of Institutional Economics: Agency, Structure ...
... Campus, Hatfield, U.K. He is very grateful to Kevin Greene, David Hull, Thorbjørn Knudsen, Richard Nelson, Jack Vromen, and anonymous referees for valuable comments on earlier versions of this essay. It draws on material from his 2004 book, The Evolution of Institutional Economics: Agency, Structure ...
Recent Evolutionary Theorizing About Economic Change
... and correction, and in some cases have been selected through the competitive process. Thus extant actors behave “as if” they maximize. (The classic statement of this position is, of course, Milton Friedman’s, 1953.) Economists are not alone in putting forth this argument. A number of evolutionary th ...
... and correction, and in some cases have been selected through the competitive process. Thus extant actors behave “as if” they maximize. (The classic statement of this position is, of course, Milton Friedman’s, 1953.) Economists are not alone in putting forth this argument. A number of evolutionary th ...
EVOLUTION TOWARD A NEW ADAPTIVE OPTIMUM
... significant excess of decreases, and very few of the sample-tosample differences were larger than expected under drift (Bell et al. 2006). Because of these negative results in the face of independent evidence of selection, Bell et al. (2006) were pessimistic about the likelihood of ever detecting na ...
... significant excess of decreases, and very few of the sample-tosample differences were larger than expected under drift (Bell et al. 2006). Because of these negative results in the face of independent evidence of selection, Bell et al. (2006) were pessimistic about the likelihood of ever detecting na ...
Evolutionary distributions and competition by way of reaction
... of populations illustrate the emergence of patterns; most prominently from models that capture interactions among prey and their predators (for example Nunes et al., 1999; Tokita, 2004; Ji and Li, 2006). Another example is the differentiation of cells in embroys (Murray, 2003). These patterns emerge ...
... of populations illustrate the emergence of patterns; most prominently from models that capture interactions among prey and their predators (for example Nunes et al., 1999; Tokita, 2004; Ji and Li, 2006). Another example is the differentiation of cells in embroys (Murray, 2003). These patterns emerge ...
Brian Boyd`s Evolutionary Account Of Art: Fiction Or Future
... biological traits art relies on. However, since each of these traits is also maintained by virtue of its vital functions in non-art contexts, this will not happen. Hence, natural selection cannot just weed out art’s biological underpinnings because they are “constrained.” Therefore, the thought exp ...
... biological traits art relies on. However, since each of these traits is also maintained by virtue of its vital functions in non-art contexts, this will not happen. Hence, natural selection cannot just weed out art’s biological underpinnings because they are “constrained.” Therefore, the thought exp ...
Evolutionary Theory
... Evolutionary scientists have just scratched the surface of understanding the nature, details, and design features of evolved psychological mechanisms Modern conditions are undoubtedly different from ancestral conditions in many ways, and so what was adaptive in the past might not be adaptive today C ...
... Evolutionary scientists have just scratched the surface of understanding the nature, details, and design features of evolved psychological mechanisms Modern conditions are undoubtedly different from ancestral conditions in many ways, and so what was adaptive in the past might not be adaptive today C ...
Evolution on purpose: how behaviour has shaped the evolutionary
... centuries. Now it appears to be up once again. Lamarck can claim priority for this insight, along with Darwin’s more guarded view. However, there followed a long ‘dark-age’, which began with Weismann’s mutation theory and spanned the gene-centred era that followed during most of the 20th Century, al ...
... centuries. Now it appears to be up once again. Lamarck can claim priority for this insight, along with Darwin’s more guarded view. However, there followed a long ‘dark-age’, which began with Weismann’s mutation theory and spanned the gene-centred era that followed during most of the 20th Century, al ...
Evolutionary Accounts of Religion: Explaining and Explaining Away
... are not hard to come by. Our belief in induction (say that the future will be like the past), in the reality of the external world (it isn’t all a dream), or in other minds (you aren’t a zombie)—all of these are beliefs we come to, not on the basis of inference from evidence, but through the basic o ...
... are not hard to come by. Our belief in induction (say that the future will be like the past), in the reality of the external world (it isn’t all a dream), or in other minds (you aren’t a zombie)—all of these are beliefs we come to, not on the basis of inference from evidence, but through the basic o ...
Religion as an Evolutionary Byproduct
... [2006], pp. 631–2). Given the broad range of modularity theories that are currently available, it is not entirely clear what commitments advocates of the SM make when drawing on contemporary massive modularity theorists. At the very least, though, commitment to modularity involves a commitment to sp ...
... [2006], pp. 631–2). Given the broad range of modularity theories that are currently available, it is not entirely clear what commitments advocates of the SM make when drawing on contemporary massive modularity theorists. At the very least, though, commitment to modularity involves a commitment to sp ...
On reciprocal causation in the evolutionary process
... “The authors work hard to convince the reader that niche construction is a new ‘‘extended theory of evolution’’ that is a ‘‘co-contributor, with natural selection, to the evolutionary process itself’’ (p. 370). This argument is based on the somewhat disingenuous contention that evolutionary biologis ...
... “The authors work hard to convince the reader that niche construction is a new ‘‘extended theory of evolution’’ that is a ‘‘co-contributor, with natural selection, to the evolutionary process itself’’ (p. 370). This argument is based on the somewhat disingenuous contention that evolutionary biologis ...
The naturalist view of Universal Darwinism - UvA-DARE
... infer the properties of the whole from knowing the properties of the parts and the laws of their interaction. Evolutionary theory applies to open systems: systems that need to secure resources from their environment to maintain their functional integrity, and that may experience selection pressures ...
... infer the properties of the whole from knowing the properties of the parts and the laws of their interaction. Evolutionary theory applies to open systems: systems that need to secure resources from their environment to maintain their functional integrity, and that may experience selection pressures ...
2014 - UO Blogs - University of Oregon
... gone cycling on according to the fixed laws of gravity, from so simple a beginning, endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved” -‐ Charles Darwin (1859) On the ...
... gone cycling on according to the fixed laws of gravity, from so simple a beginning, endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved” -‐ Charles Darwin (1859) On the ...
Applied Evolutionary Epistemology: A new methodology to
... approaches to evolutionary, adaptationist accounts took place in the late 1950s. She called it a debate of “mechanism” versus “teleology” and pinpointed the Darwin Centennial, held at the University of Chicago in 1959, as the place where the debate was introduced in the field of biology. This Confer ...
... approaches to evolutionary, adaptationist accounts took place in the late 1950s. She called it a debate of “mechanism” versus “teleology” and pinpointed the Darwin Centennial, held at the University of Chicago in 1959, as the place where the debate was introduced in the field of biology. This Confer ...
Experimental Evolution and Its Role in
... new insights and questions. But evolution- different organizational levels. Because of ary physiology is not technologically driven the necessity of incorporating a more disin this manner. What is novel about this ap- tantly related "out group" into any comproach is not the type of characters exam- ...
... new insights and questions. But evolution- different organizational levels. Because of ary physiology is not technologically driven the necessity of incorporating a more disin this manner. What is novel about this ap- tantly related "out group" into any comproach is not the type of characters exam- ...