Distributed Cognition: Cognizing, Autonomy and the Turing Test
... candidate should be a robot that we can see is just one individual autonomous system like ourselves. That way we not only eliminate the possibility of collective play-acting, but we can also test the candidate’s full sensorimotor I/O capacity to confirm that it is indeed completely indistinguishable ...
... candidate should be a robot that we can see is just one individual autonomous system like ourselves. That way we not only eliminate the possibility of collective play-acting, but we can also test the candidate’s full sensorimotor I/O capacity to confirm that it is indeed completely indistinguishable ...
discintro
... candidate should be a robot that we can see is just one individual autonomous system like ourselves. That way we not only eliminate the possibility of collective play-acting, but we can also test the candidate’s full sensorimotor I/O capacity to confirm that it is indeed completely indistinguishable ...
... candidate should be a robot that we can see is just one individual autonomous system like ourselves. That way we not only eliminate the possibility of collective play-acting, but we can also test the candidate’s full sensorimotor I/O capacity to confirm that it is indeed completely indistinguishable ...
Document
... Parkinson’s disease was named after James Parkinson, a London physician who first described its “involuntary tremulous motion” in 1817 It was hoped that Parkinson’s might be alleviated by replacing the chemical. It was thought that the tremors of Parkinson’s disease resulted from the death of nerve ...
... Parkinson’s disease was named after James Parkinson, a London physician who first described its “involuntary tremulous motion” in 1817 It was hoped that Parkinson’s might be alleviated by replacing the chemical. It was thought that the tremors of Parkinson’s disease resulted from the death of nerve ...
Congenital blindness affects diencephalic but not mesencephalic
... BRAINlab, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ...
... BRAINlab, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark ...
How Does the Brain Develop?
... The second way to examine the relation between brain and behavioral development is to turn our sequence of observations around. First we scrutinize behavior for the emergence of new abilities, and then we make inferences about underlying neural maturation. For example, as language emerges in the you ...
... The second way to examine the relation between brain and behavioral development is to turn our sequence of observations around. First we scrutinize behavior for the emergence of new abilities, and then we make inferences about underlying neural maturation. For example, as language emerges in the you ...
Three key sequences HDEV
... What a fascinating creature the newborn is: tiny, delicate, apparently oblivious to its surroundings, yet perfectly formed and fully capable of letting its caregivers know when it is hungry, thirsty, or uncomfortable. And what a fascinating creature is this same child 2 years later: running, playing ...
... What a fascinating creature the newborn is: tiny, delicate, apparently oblivious to its surroundings, yet perfectly formed and fully capable of letting its caregivers know when it is hungry, thirsty, or uncomfortable. And what a fascinating creature is this same child 2 years later: running, playing ...
How the body controls brain temperature: the temperature shielding
... tively establish a general phenomenon: the temperature shielding effect of blood flow, which is responsible for brain protection against external cooling. Major mechanisms responsible for body temperature regulation in mammals are well known (see, for example, Ref. 28). In our experiments, the body ...
... tively establish a general phenomenon: the temperature shielding effect of blood flow, which is responsible for brain protection against external cooling. Major mechanisms responsible for body temperature regulation in mammals are well known (see, for example, Ref. 28). In our experiments, the body ...
Studying the topological organization of the cerebral blood flow
... (PET) both of which requires radioactive agents, as well as by the Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI technique (Detre et al., 1992). The first network-based study resting on CBF was developed by Friston et al. (1993) using PET imaging. In this paper the distributed brain systems associated with perfor ...
... (PET) both of which requires radioactive agents, as well as by the Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI technique (Detre et al., 1992). The first network-based study resting on CBF was developed by Friston et al. (1993) using PET imaging. In this paper the distributed brain systems associated with perfor ...
The Archetype of the Dolphin
... In 1980’s British biologist Margaret Klinowska discovered correlation between whales beaching themselves and magnetic lineation/anomalies. Magnetic lineations that occurred near coastlines that were interpreted incorrectly by whales caused beaching to occur in entire pods of healthy whales. Other ar ...
... In 1980’s British biologist Margaret Klinowska discovered correlation between whales beaching themselves and magnetic lineation/anomalies. Magnetic lineations that occurred near coastlines that were interpreted incorrectly by whales caused beaching to occur in entire pods of healthy whales. Other ar ...
Laboratory Guide - Sites@Duke
... century is staggering. With the constant introduction of powerful new neuroanatomical techniques, more details are arriving at an increasing rate, and there seems to be no end in sight. Fortunately, it is possible to acquire a rather simple (or simplified at least) anatomical framework for understan ...
... century is staggering. With the constant introduction of powerful new neuroanatomical techniques, more details are arriving at an increasing rate, and there seems to be no end in sight. Fortunately, it is possible to acquire a rather simple (or simplified at least) anatomical framework for understan ...
Large brains and cognition: Where do elephants fit in?
... We will sometimes use the term often used by neurobiologists, ‘‘higher order brain functions,’’ to refer collectively to cognitive behavior, extensive long-term memory and theoryof-mind-like behaviors in elephants. With the possible exception of tool use, various aspects of cognitive behavior are no ...
... We will sometimes use the term often used by neurobiologists, ‘‘higher order brain functions,’’ to refer collectively to cognitive behavior, extensive long-term memory and theoryof-mind-like behaviors in elephants. With the possible exception of tool use, various aspects of cognitive behavior are no ...
Behavior-based robotics
... the example of the hospital robot, it is clear that if it starts to run out of power, it must reprioritize its goals and quickly try to find a power supply, even if, by doing so, it comes no closer to achieving its task of delivering objects. However, the topic of behavior selection (also known as b ...
... the example of the hospital robot, it is clear that if it starts to run out of power, it must reprioritize its goals and quickly try to find a power supply, even if, by doing so, it comes no closer to achieving its task of delivering objects. However, the topic of behavior selection (also known as b ...
The emergence of a shared action ontology: Building blocks for a
... Fig. 1. Example of an F5 mirror neuron responding to action observation in Full vision and in Hidden condition. The lower part of each panel illustrates schematically the experimenterÕs action as observed from the monkeyÕs vantage point: the experimenterÕs hand starting from a fixed position, moving ...
... Fig. 1. Example of an F5 mirror neuron responding to action observation in Full vision and in Hidden condition. The lower part of each panel illustrates schematically the experimenterÕs action as observed from the monkeyÕs vantage point: the experimenterÕs hand starting from a fixed position, moving ...
Introduction
... commented that although Reynolds could account for the instinct to feel beauty, he could not account for the feeling itself.10 Later, in preparing The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), he found Reynolds’ observations of the human figure worth reviewing and mentions him, perhaps b ...
... commented that although Reynolds could account for the instinct to feel beauty, he could not account for the feeling itself.10 Later, in preparing The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), he found Reynolds’ observations of the human figure worth reviewing and mentions him, perhaps b ...
Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
... sees, hears, feels, moves, remembers, and dreams. Just as an understanding of neuronal structure is necessary for understanding neuronal function, we must understand nervous system structure in order to understand brain function. Neuroanatomy has challenged generations of students—and for good reaso ...
... sees, hears, feels, moves, remembers, and dreams. Just as an understanding of neuronal structure is necessary for understanding neuronal function, we must understand nervous system structure in order to understand brain function. Neuroanatomy has challenged generations of students—and for good reaso ...
Genetic approaches in comparative and evolutionary physiology
... reveal molecular mechanisms of functional evolution and can provide insights into the possible adaptive significance of observed sequence changes. In this review, we explain how the tools and theory of quantitative genetics, population genetics, and molecular evolution can inform our understanding o ...
... reveal molecular mechanisms of functional evolution and can provide insights into the possible adaptive significance of observed sequence changes. In this review, we explain how the tools and theory of quantitative genetics, population genetics, and molecular evolution can inform our understanding o ...
The Dynamics of Functional Brain Networks
... N-back task; FDR a < 0.05). This effect was quantified by estimating the affine transformation required to align each subject’s resting cartographic profile with their profile during each task (transformation along the BT axis relative to rest; Figure 2D). These results demonstrate that the extent o ...
... N-back task; FDR a < 0.05). This effect was quantified by estimating the affine transformation required to align each subject’s resting cartographic profile with their profile during each task (transformation along the BT axis relative to rest; Figure 2D). These results demonstrate that the extent o ...
Molecular spandrels: tests of adaptation at the genetic level
... to the neutral theory, random mutations are much more likely to be either deleterious or neutral than they are to confer a fitness advantage. Although deleterious and neutral mutations may be most likely to arise, only neutral alleles are expected to contribute to persistent polymorphisms because de ...
... to the neutral theory, random mutations are much more likely to be either deleterious or neutral than they are to confer a fitness advantage. Although deleterious and neutral mutations may be most likely to arise, only neutral alleles are expected to contribute to persistent polymorphisms because de ...
The Ecological Genetics of Speciation
... have emerged in ecological genetics as an approach to the study of evolution. First, the focus is on the genetics of ecologically important phenotypic traits that affect organisms’ interactions with their biotic and abiotic environments. These are the traits that become adaptations under natural sel ...
... have emerged in ecological genetics as an approach to the study of evolution. First, the focus is on the genetics of ecologically important phenotypic traits that affect organisms’ interactions with their biotic and abiotic environments. These are the traits that become adaptations under natural sel ...
Chapter 13 Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence
... – The science of robotics is creating machines capable of independent movement and action. – An android is a simulated human. – To be more like humans, robots must undergo technological advances in visual and audio perception, touch, dexterity, locomotion, and ...
... – The science of robotics is creating machines capable of independent movement and action. – An android is a simulated human. – To be more like humans, robots must undergo technological advances in visual and audio perception, touch, dexterity, locomotion, and ...
Neural Substrate Expansion for the Restoration of Brain
... damage is one of the principal objectives of modern translational neuroscience. Electrical stimulation approaches, such as deep-brain stimulation, have achieved the most clinical success, but they ultimately may be limited by the computational capacity of the residual cerebral circuitry. An alternat ...
... damage is one of the principal objectives of modern translational neuroscience. Electrical stimulation approaches, such as deep-brain stimulation, have achieved the most clinical success, but they ultimately may be limited by the computational capacity of the residual cerebral circuitry. An alternat ...
Saliency, switching, attention and control
... (CEN), whose key nodes include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the default mode network (DMN), which includes the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). During the performance of cognitively demanding tasks, th ...
... (CEN), whose key nodes include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the default mode network (DMN), which includes the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). During the performance of cognitively demanding tasks, th ...
Prefrontal cortex in humans and apes: A comparative study of area 10
... cells that have a medium to dark staining. Layer III is the widest layer in the frontal pole, and its cells have a small, but gradual change in size; the pyramids close to layer II are smaller than those close to layer IV, and have a medium to dark staining. Layer IV is thin, but continuous with pal ...
... cells that have a medium to dark staining. Layer III is the widest layer in the frontal pole, and its cells have a small, but gradual change in size; the pyramids close to layer II are smaller than those close to layer IV, and have a medium to dark staining. Layer IV is thin, but continuous with pal ...
The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of
... Fig. 1. The classical view of emotion. The classical view of emotion includes basic emotion theories (e.g. for a review, see Tracy and Randles, 2011), causal appraisal theories (e.g. Scherer, 2009; Roseman, 2011), and theories of emotion that rely on black-box functionalism (Davis, 1992; Anderson an ...
... Fig. 1. The classical view of emotion. The classical view of emotion includes basic emotion theories (e.g. for a review, see Tracy and Randles, 2011), causal appraisal theories (e.g. Scherer, 2009; Roseman, 2011), and theories of emotion that rely on black-box functionalism (Davis, 1992; Anderson an ...
Animal Communication, Second Edition Web Topics
... To accurately reconstruct a tree, researchers must identify characters that qualify as synapomorphies. This is not always easy to do, since traits that appear to be similar in two species or taxa may have evolved independently. In this case, the traits were not derived from a common ancestor, so the ...
... To accurately reconstruct a tree, researchers must identify characters that qualify as synapomorphies. This is not always easy to do, since traits that appear to be similar in two species or taxa may have evolved independently. In this case, the traits were not derived from a common ancestor, so the ...
Evolution of human intelligence
The evolution of human intelligence refers to a set of theories that attempt to explain how human intelligence has evolved and are closely tied to the evolution of the human brain and to the origin of language.The timeline of human evolution spans approximately 7 million years, from the separation of the Pan genus until the emergence of behavioral modernity by 50,000 years ago. The first 3 million years of this timeline concern Sahelanthropus, the following 2 million concern Australopithecus and the final 2 million span the history of actual human species in the Paleolithic era.Many traits of human intelligence, such as empathy, theory of mind, mourning, ritual, and the use of symbols and tools, are apparent in great apes although in less sophisticated forms than found in humans, such as Great ape language.