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... coronal, and horizontal cross-sections. Within each view a variety of standard color-coding algorithms was invoked to assign colors to the numerical values of the images, and each view could be independently magnified and translated. The current positions of the crosssectional planes were chosen by ...
... coronal, and horizontal cross-sections. Within each view a variety of standard color-coding algorithms was invoked to assign colors to the numerical values of the images, and each view could be independently magnified and translated. The current positions of the crosssectional planes were chosen by ...
Progressive Mitochondrial Compromise in Brains
... maintained and exposed to NRTIs at Bioqual, Inc. (Rockville, MD) under conditions approved by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care using protocols reviewed by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Bioqual, Inc. Female patas monkeys were kept with the male ...
... maintained and exposed to NRTIs at Bioqual, Inc. (Rockville, MD) under conditions approved by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care using protocols reviewed by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Bioqual, Inc. Female patas monkeys were kept with the male ...
Gut Microbiota: A Modulator of Brain Plasticity and Cognitive
... impact of a gut completely absent of microbiota on behaviour. The foetal gut is sterile in-utero and maintaining these animals in a sterile environment after birth means that post-natal gut colonization does not occur. It further allows for the comparison of findings against control animals with a “ ...
... impact of a gut completely absent of microbiota on behaviour. The foetal gut is sterile in-utero and maintaining these animals in a sterile environment after birth means that post-natal gut colonization does not occur. It further allows for the comparison of findings against control animals with a “ ...
Morphometric changes of the central nervous system of
... three or more walking legs may be missing. In such cases significant changes in the shape and size of the prosoma are observed. Since oligomely is associated with metamerism and thus with neuromery, the lack of appendages should lead to a reduced total volume of the brain and/or subesophageal gangli ...
... three or more walking legs may be missing. In such cases significant changes in the shape and size of the prosoma are observed. Since oligomely is associated with metamerism and thus with neuromery, the lack of appendages should lead to a reduced total volume of the brain and/or subesophageal gangli ...
Genetic dissection of neural circuits underlying sexually dimorphic
... Trpc2 knockout mice also display high levels of male-typical mounting behaviour towards mice of either sex [57], suggesting that the neural circuit for male-typical mating behaviour is present in both sexes but is normally inhibited by sensory input from the VNO. The presence of a shared male-type m ...
... Trpc2 knockout mice also display high levels of male-typical mounting behaviour towards mice of either sex [57], suggesting that the neural circuit for male-typical mating behaviour is present in both sexes but is normally inhibited by sensory input from the VNO. The presence of a shared male-type m ...
How to be creative
... When we gave our agent a dictionary, a goal, grammar knowledge and common sense, we effectively restricted him: ...
... When we gave our agent a dictionary, a goal, grammar knowledge and common sense, we effectively restricted him: ...
Distinct Mechanisms for Processing Spatial Sequences and Pitch
... before further processing of those specific attributes in distinct cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many diffe ...
... before further processing of those specific attributes in distinct cortical areas (Griffiths and Warren, 2002). PT is a large region of auditory association cortex, occupying the superior temporal plane posterior to Heschl’s gyrus (HG) (Westbury et al., 1999). PT is involved in processing many diffe ...
Cognitive reserve_Valenciano_Guàrdia_June2014
... its compulsory nature up to a certain educational level are crucial achievements which have led to enormous social breakthroughs. In fact, as has been mentioned throughout this paper, among other benefits, compulsory education and its universalization are closely linked to a greater cognitive reserv ...
... its compulsory nature up to a certain educational level are crucial achievements which have led to enormous social breakthroughs. In fact, as has been mentioned throughout this paper, among other benefits, compulsory education and its universalization are closely linked to a greater cognitive reserv ...
pdf, 1 MiB - Infoscience
... and literature review. Overall, text-mining the literature could find three times as many targets as two man-weeks of curation could. The overall efficiency of the text-mining against literature review in our study was 98% recall (at 36% precision), meaning that over all the targets for the three se ...
... and literature review. Overall, text-mining the literature could find three times as many targets as two man-weeks of curation could. The overall efficiency of the text-mining against literature review in our study was 98% recall (at 36% precision), meaning that over all the targets for the three se ...
The Neurobehavioral Nature of Fishes and the
... forebrain-controlled, quiet sleep state, which occurs in its most well-developed and highly differentiated form in mammals (Karmanova, 1982; Nicolau et al., 2000). Thus, there have been changes in neural and behavioral complexity during vertebrate evolution in which the nervous system, with its stab ...
... forebrain-controlled, quiet sleep state, which occurs in its most well-developed and highly differentiated form in mammals (Karmanova, 1982; Nicolau et al., 2000). Thus, there have been changes in neural and behavioral complexity during vertebrate evolution in which the nervous system, with its stab ...
PDE5 Exists in Human Neurons and is a Viable Therapeutic Target
... Fig. 1. PDE5 exists in human brain tissue. A) PDE5 mRNA was detected by qPCR in human cortex using 3 different primers (see Methods), against the 3’UTR region (each primer shows the average for 3 samples; error bars are standard error). Values are normalized against -actin. B) PDE5 protein was dete ...
... Fig. 1. PDE5 exists in human brain tissue. A) PDE5 mRNA was detected by qPCR in human cortex using 3 different primers (see Methods), against the 3’UTR region (each primer shows the average for 3 samples; error bars are standard error). Values are normalized against -actin. B) PDE5 protein was dete ...
Cetacean Brain Evolution: Dwarf Sperm Whale (Kogia sima) and
... represent an ancient evolutionary line; they go back to the late Oligocene period about 23 million years ago [Rice, 1998; Fordyce and De Muizon, 2001]. The beaked whales (Ziphioidea) are probably closely related. Beaked whales are deep-diving toothed whales which are intermediate in body size and br ...
... represent an ancient evolutionary line; they go back to the late Oligocene period about 23 million years ago [Rice, 1998; Fordyce and De Muizon, 2001]. The beaked whales (Ziphioidea) are probably closely related. Beaked whales are deep-diving toothed whales which are intermediate in body size and br ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... (situated between V6 and MIP within the superior parietal cortex near the junction of the dorsal parieto-occipital sulcus, POS) (Fattori et al. 2001, 2009a; Galletti et al. 2003) and a putative ‘parietal reach region’ (PRR) that straddles the boundary between MIP and V6A (Batista et al. 1999; Buneo ...
... (situated between V6 and MIP within the superior parietal cortex near the junction of the dorsal parieto-occipital sulcus, POS) (Fattori et al. 2001, 2009a; Galletti et al. 2003) and a putative ‘parietal reach region’ (PRR) that straddles the boundary between MIP and V6A (Batista et al. 1999; Buneo ...
Physiology of Ejaculation
... of the SPFp supraspinally and the spinal LSt cells. These neurons express the neuropeptides galanin and cholecystokinin (CCK) [43, 44]. These galanin-specific nerve fibers have also been found to correlate with ejaculation-associated neurons with strong Fos activity, providing further support for a ...
... of the SPFp supraspinally and the spinal LSt cells. These neurons express the neuropeptides galanin and cholecystokinin (CCK) [43, 44]. These galanin-specific nerve fibers have also been found to correlate with ejaculation-associated neurons with strong Fos activity, providing further support for a ...
Neural predictors of evaluative attitudes toward
... members from the 10 members used in the fMRI task were presented on the computer screen (Figure 1b), and participants were asked to select the one they want to vote for at the next election event by pressing one of two keys on the keyboard. There were 45 unique choice pairs, and each pair was presen ...
... members from the 10 members used in the fMRI task were presented on the computer screen (Figure 1b), and participants were asked to select the one they want to vote for at the next election event by pressing one of two keys on the keyboard. There were 45 unique choice pairs, and each pair was presen ...
Cerebral blood flow and gray matter volume covariance patterns of
... et al., 2011; Zimmerman et al., 2006]. A recent review of the structural correlates of cognition across that lifespan demonstrated that the direction of these changes is in dispute [Kaup et al., 2011]. Most studies demonstrated positive relationships between GMV and cognitive performance: larger bra ...
... et al., 2011; Zimmerman et al., 2006]. A recent review of the structural correlates of cognition across that lifespan demonstrated that the direction of these changes is in dispute [Kaup et al., 2011]. Most studies demonstrated positive relationships between GMV and cognitive performance: larger bra ...
Chapter 3
... Syphilis causes a progressive degeneration of the posterior portions of the spinal cord. – Sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum. – Third clinical stage known as tertiary syphilis – Progressive degeneration of posterior portions of spinal cord & neurological loss • loss ...
... Syphilis causes a progressive degeneration of the posterior portions of the spinal cord. – Sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum. – Third clinical stage known as tertiary syphilis – Progressive degeneration of posterior portions of spinal cord & neurological loss • loss ...
Chapter 3
... Syphilis causes a progressive degeneration of the posterior portions of the spinal cord. – Sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum. – Third clinical stage known as tertiary syphilis – Progressive degeneration of posterior portions of spinal cord & neurological loss • loss ...
... Syphilis causes a progressive degeneration of the posterior portions of the spinal cord. – Sexually transmitted disease caused by bacterium Treponema pallidum. – Third clinical stage known as tertiary syphilis – Progressive degeneration of posterior portions of spinal cord & neurological loss • loss ...
The Neuroanatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its
... the same imaging data for each subject, which were performed in different sessions. Lesions were localized and transferred to templates following the method of H. Damasio and Damasio (1989). The lesions were also transcribed to computerized templates available on MRIcro (Rorden, 2004), a software pr ...
... the same imaging data for each subject, which were performed in different sessions. Lesions were localized and transferred to templates following the method of H. Damasio and Damasio (1989). The lesions were also transcribed to computerized templates available on MRIcro (Rorden, 2004), a software pr ...
skull - lms.manhattan.edu
... This higher density restricts passage of substances from the bloodstream much more than endothelial cells in capillaries elsewhere in the body. Astrocyte cell projections called astrocytic feet (also known as "glial limitans") surround the endothelial cells of the BBB, providing biochemical support ...
... This higher density restricts passage of substances from the bloodstream much more than endothelial cells in capillaries elsewhere in the body. Astrocyte cell projections called astrocytic feet (also known as "glial limitans") surround the endothelial cells of the BBB, providing biochemical support ...
Neurophysiological bases underlying the organization of intentional
... handful of popcorn while watching a movie, we will not be certainly attending to when starting to move or how shaping the hand for doing it. Nevertheless, we could, if we want, carefully look at a single popcorn, precisely grasping it between our thumb and index finger tips, and specifically attending ...
... handful of popcorn while watching a movie, we will not be certainly attending to when starting to move or how shaping the hand for doing it. Nevertheless, we could, if we want, carefully look at a single popcorn, precisely grasping it between our thumb and index finger tips, and specifically attending ...
Hepatic but Not CNS-Expressed Human C
... injection of 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA). Development of EAE symptoms was monitored daily using a clinical scale ranging from 0 to 6 as follows: 0, asymptomatic; 1, loss of tail tone; 2, flaccid tail; 3, incomplete paralysis of one or both hind limbs; 4, compl ...
... injection of 200 ng pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories, Campbell, CA). Development of EAE symptoms was monitored daily using a clinical scale ranging from 0 to 6 as follows: 0, asymptomatic; 1, loss of tail tone; 2, flaccid tail; 3, incomplete paralysis of one or both hind limbs; 4, compl ...
Neurochemical organization of chimpanzee inferior pulvinar complex
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
... Povinelli, 2000). These studies make it clear that although humans share many features of brain organization and function with apes and monkeys, there are important differences as well. Documenting the patterns of similarities and difference is essential for understanding how results derived from no ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... de Lucas, 2014). Here we use the term “SLF” to refer specifically to direct fronto-parietal connections and consider the arcuate to consist of fronto-temporal connections (see the Comparison to previous studies section for a more extensive discussion of terminology). Studies in humans (Makris et al., ...
... de Lucas, 2014). Here we use the term “SLF” to refer specifically to direct fronto-parietal connections and consider the arcuate to consist of fronto-temporal connections (see the Comparison to previous studies section for a more extensive discussion of terminology). Studies in humans (Makris et al., ...
Neural mechanisms underlying the evolvability of behaviour
... The complexity of nervous systems alters the evolvability of behaviour. Complex nervous systems are phylogenetically constrained; nevertheless particular species-specific behaviours have repeatedly evolved, suggesting a predisposition towards those behaviours. Independently evolved behaviours in ani ...
... The complexity of nervous systems alters the evolvability of behaviour. Complex nervous systems are phylogenetically constrained; nevertheless particular species-specific behaviours have repeatedly evolved, suggesting a predisposition towards those behaviours. Independently evolved behaviours in ani ...
Evolution of human intelligence
The evolution of human intelligence refers to a set of theories that attempt to explain how human intelligence has evolved and are closely tied to the evolution of the human brain and to the origin of language.The timeline of human evolution spans approximately 7 million years, from the separation of the Pan genus until the emergence of behavioral modernity by 50,000 years ago. The first 3 million years of this timeline concern Sahelanthropus, the following 2 million concern Australopithecus and the final 2 million span the history of actual human species in the Paleolithic era.Many traits of human intelligence, such as empathy, theory of mind, mourning, ritual, and the use of symbols and tools, are apparent in great apes although in less sophisticated forms than found in humans, such as Great ape language.