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Nat. Struct. Biol. 8, 192-194.
Nat. Struct. Biol. 8, 192-194.

... Enhancer2 affects the ability of the former to activate transcription (indicated by a red X) but not the latter. b, When an additional insulator is present between the two enhancers, the dual insulator cannot interfere with transcription activation by Enhancer1. c, The simple duplication of insulato ...
13024_2016_132_MOESM1_ESM
13024_2016_132_MOESM1_ESM

... Legend to Graphical Abstract We show in the present manuscript that progranulin (PGRN) acts as a Notch ligand. It coimmunoprecipitates with all four Notch receptors. The binding site lies within the extracellular domain, NECD. It colocalizes with the NECD at the cell surface and with full-length Not ...
1. Introduction
1. Introduction

... IGG has not had an installation wizard by far. After downloaded from our website and decompressed, it can be initiated through command, java -jar –Xms256m –Xmx512m "./IGG.jar”, in command prompt window provided by OS. In the command, -Xms and -Xmx set the initial and maximum Java heap si ...
Name
Name

... The genetic information (DNA) in our cells plays a major role in how our body works. Spelling mistakes often happen when this information is being transcribed. When these spelling mistakes occur on uncoded genes, there aren't any consequences. In a few rare cases, however, a spelling mistake – or mu ...
A G Protein Alpha Subunit from Cochliobolus heterostrophus
A G Protein Alpha Subunit from Cochliobolus heterostrophus

... The deduced amino acid sequence showed similarity to G␣ proteins from other filamentous fungi and suggested that CGA1 is a member of the G␣i class. cga1 mutants had reduced ability to form appressoria on glass surfaces and on corn leaves; mutants nevertheless caused lesions on corn plants like those ...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Interleukin-27 Gene
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Interleukin-27 Gene

... different types/levels of interleukins that play a role in placental immunoregulation [5]. Thus, interleukins and the corresponding immune cells/leukocytes work together to maintain the immune balance of mother and fetus. Abnormal decidual leukocytes lead to RPL; for example, changing in the balance ...
It`s All In The Genes - American Maine
It`s All In The Genes - American Maine

... chromosomes. Chromosomes are threadlike structures found in the nucleus of cells. Chromosomes carry genetic information. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes and cattle have 30 pairs. Chromosomes are always in pairs — one of each pair is inherited When I say “genes” from the mother (dam) and the othe ...
Supplementary Figures (doc 9746K)
Supplementary Figures (doc 9746K)

... FGFR2 are shown. From right to left, they are exon 7, exon 8, exon 9, and exon 10. Exon 8 is the IIIb-specific exon, whereas exon 9 is IIIc-specific. The blue exon peaks are the alignment results of normal RNA-Seq reads, while the yellow ones are from tumor reads. The arcs with numbers in them show ...
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

... • The “exome” consists of all the genome’s exons, which are the coding portions of genes. • The term exon was derived from “EXpressed regiON,” since these are the regions that get translated, or expressed as proteins ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool

... transposases, which catalyse the movement and insertion (sometimes replicative) of transposons, integrases, which enable insertion of elements such as gene cassettes into integrons by site-specific recombination, and resolvases, which are DNA endonucleases capable of resolving Holiday junctions that ...
Oncology and Genetics Doctoral School
Oncology and Genetics Doctoral School

... Rett syndrome (RTT, MIM# 312750) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder that represents one of the most common genetic causes of mental retardation in girls. MECP2 mutations account for about 80% of classic RTT cases and for a lower percentage of variant patients. This study has been focused o ...
Cloning and expression of the phosphotriesterase
Cloning and expression of the phosphotriesterase

... enzymic activity in library clones. In a previous study, an OP-degrading gene was successfully isolated from an Agrobacterium strain by mobilizing a genomic library into a related strain lacking activity (Horne et al., 2002a). A similar approach was taken here, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa BENNY, a ...
Chap 25
Chap 25

... Twenty-two pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes; each member of a pair resembles its partner The chromosomes in the remaining pair of chromosomes (pair 23) are called sex chromosomes ...
Yeast whole-genome analysis of conserved regulatory motifs
Yeast whole-genome analysis of conserved regulatory motifs

... • Enhancer networks: Regulator  enhancer  target gene • Ex1: Oct4 predicted activator of embryonic stem (ES) cells • Ex2: Gfi1 repressor of K562/GM cells ...
Patterns of Heredity
Patterns of Heredity

... The genetic information (DNA) in our cells plays a major role in how our body works. Spelling mistakes often happen when this information is being transcribed. When these spelling mistakes occur on uncoded genes, there aren't any consequences. In a few rare cases, however, a spelling mistake – or mu ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool

... transposases, which catalyse the movement and insertion (sometimes replicative) of transposons, integrases, which enable insertion of elements such as gene cassettes into integrons by site-specific recombination, and resolvases, which are DNA endonucleases capable of resolving Holiday junctions that ...
Gene Section ID2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein)
Gene Section ID2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2, dominant negative helix-loop-helix protein)

NIH Public Access - University of Chicago
NIH Public Access - University of Chicago

... immunoglobulin heavy and light chain loci26. At the Igh locus, recombination is temporally ordered with rearrangement of diversity (D) and joining (J) segments preceding that of variable (V) gene segments. The latter recombination events at the Igh locus are specific to B lineage cells and coincide ...
Forensic ABO blood grouping by 4 SNPs analyses using an ABI
Forensic ABO blood grouping by 4 SNPs analyses using an ABI

... 2-1-1Hongo bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan Medico-Legal Section, Criminal Investigation Laboratory, Metropolitan Police Department, Tokyo, Japan ...
Genetic Epidemiology of Obesity
Genetic Epidemiology of Obesity

... The hypothesis-driven approach (candidate gene or biologic pathway analysis) needs an a priori hypothesis that the genetic polymorphisms in a candidate gene or a biologic pathway being studied are causal variants or in strong linkage disequilibrium with a causal variant for a particular phenotype of ...
Mutation Types - CK
Mutation Types - CK

... Chromosomal alterations are mutations that change chromosome structure. They occur when a section of a chromosome breaks off and rejoins incorrectly or does not rejoin at all. Possible ways these mutations can occur are illustrated in Figure 1.1. Go to this link for a video about chromosomal alterat ...
Lecture Slides
Lecture Slides

...  Capitalize named articles (e.g., ``see Table 5'', not ``see table 5'')  Keep important figures and tables as close to the referring text as possible, while placing less important ones in an appendix  Always provide standard deviations (typically in between parentheses) when listing averages ...
PDF file
PDF file

... map, which then needs further work to convert it into a possible phenotype. Finally, the possible phenotype can only become a real phenotype when all relevant kinetic and regulatory properties are taken into account, together with information about how all the components are organized into a three-d ...
The cyanobacterial genome core and the origin of photosynthesis
The cyanobacterial genome core and the origin of photosynthesis

... and Chloroflexi (RC2-type) use bound quinones as electron acceptors and are similar to the cyanobacterial PSII. Since all these phyla, except for Cyanobacteria and, perhaps, Chlorobi, also contain non-photosynthetic representatives, evolution of photosynthesis must have included frequent loss of pho ...
Multifactorial Traits
Multifactorial Traits

... or even thousands of individuals. Using Mendel’s laws, geneticists can predict the probability that certain family members will inherit single-gene conditions. Most more common traits and diseases, though, seem to “run in families” with no obvious pattern, or they occur sporadically, with just one c ...
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Site-specific recombinase technology



Nearly every human gene has a counterpart in the mouse (regardless of the fact that a minor set of orthologues had to follow species specific selection routes). This made the mouse the major model for elucidating the ways in which our genetic material encodes information. In the late 1980s gene targeting in murine embryonic stem (ES-)cells enabled the transmission of mutations into the mouse germ line and emerged as a novel option to study the genetic basis of regulatory networks as they exist in the genome. Still, classical gene targeting proved to be limited in several ways as gene functions became irreversibly destroyed by the marker gene that had to be introduced for selecting recombinant ES cells. These early steps led to animals in which the mutation was present in all cells of the body from the beginning leading to complex phenotypes and/or early lethality. There was a clear need for methods to restrict these mutations to specific points in development and specific cell types. This dream became reality when groups in the USA were able to introduce bacteriophage and yeast-derived site-specific recombination (SSR-) systems into mammalian cells as well as into the mouse
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