Lecture 1
... of the appearance of functional gene products. The functional gene product can be RNA, protein but mostly it is the regulation of the expression of the protein coding genes (gene switching). 3. Gene Expression is regulated at different levels: z Chemical & structural modification of DNA or chromatin ...
... of the appearance of functional gene products. The functional gene product can be RNA, protein but mostly it is the regulation of the expression of the protein coding genes (gene switching). 3. Gene Expression is regulated at different levels: z Chemical & structural modification of DNA or chromatin ...
Protein
... In E. Coli., 80% of genomic DNA encodes proteins. On the other hand, human genomic DNA contains only 3% for genes. However, 70-80% of human genomic DNA is transcripted! → non-coding RNA ...
... In E. Coli., 80% of genomic DNA encodes proteins. On the other hand, human genomic DNA contains only 3% for genes. However, 70-80% of human genomic DNA is transcripted! → non-coding RNA ...
Document
... Chapter 12. Transcriptional Activators in Eucaryotes Chapter 11. General Transcription Factors in Eucaryotes. ...
... Chapter 12. Transcriptional Activators in Eucaryotes Chapter 11. General Transcription Factors in Eucaryotes. ...
Gene Expression Determine Cell Form and Function (PowerPoint)
... Identify possible regulatory elements, given a DNA sequence and/or protein sequence. Evaluate the functional significance of a consensus sequence. ...
... Identify possible regulatory elements, given a DNA sequence and/or protein sequence. Evaluate the functional significance of a consensus sequence. ...
Genes
... 3. Structural genes undergo transcription & translation simultaneously. 4. Regulation occurs by switching all genes in pathway on or off. ...
... 3. Structural genes undergo transcription & translation simultaneously. 4. Regulation occurs by switching all genes in pathway on or off. ...
Document
... Regulation of gene expression at the level of chromatin Sequence-independent linker histones: control DNA compaction and accessibility to trans-acting factors post-translational modifications of histone tails: control compaction of DNA and serve as docking sites for trans-acting factors Range: Can ...
... Regulation of gene expression at the level of chromatin Sequence-independent linker histones: control DNA compaction and accessibility to trans-acting factors post-translational modifications of histone tails: control compaction of DNA and serve as docking sites for trans-acting factors Range: Can ...
BIO 362 – Introduction to Genetics
... Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, ISBN:978-1-936113-59-0 or newer edition if available. Lecture hand-outs and power point slides will be accessible to students in electronic or other forms. Supplementary printed reading materials will also be provided as necessary. 3. Course description Prerequisites: ...
... Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, ISBN:978-1-936113-59-0 or newer edition if available. Lecture hand-outs and power point slides will be accessible to students in electronic or other forms. Supplementary printed reading materials will also be provided as necessary. 3. Course description Prerequisites: ...
File
... Eukaryotic cells modify mRNA after transcription. Splicing of mRNA increases the number of different proteins an organism can produce. Gene expression is regulated by proteins that bind to specific base sequences in DNA. The environment of a cell and of an organism has an impact on gene expression. ...
... Eukaryotic cells modify mRNA after transcription. Splicing of mRNA increases the number of different proteins an organism can produce. Gene expression is regulated by proteins that bind to specific base sequences in DNA. The environment of a cell and of an organism has an impact on gene expression. ...
Chromosomal localization links the SIN3±RPD3 complex to the
... from moderately condensed, hyperacetylated euchromatic bands and highly condensed, differentially acetylated centric heterochromatin. Consistent with its demonstrated role in transcriptional repression, SIN3±RPD3 did not co-localize with RNA polymerase II. Chromatin binding of the complex, mediated ...
... from moderately condensed, hyperacetylated euchromatic bands and highly condensed, differentially acetylated centric heterochromatin. Consistent with its demonstrated role in transcriptional repression, SIN3±RPD3 did not co-localize with RNA polymerase II. Chromatin binding of the complex, mediated ...
Chromosomal localization links the SIN3/RPD3 complex to the
... from moderately condensed, hyperacetylated euchromatic bands and highly condensed, differentially acetylated centric heterochromatin. Consistent with its demonstrated role in transcriptional repression, SIN3±RPD3 did not co-localize with RNA polymerase II. Chromatin binding of the complex, mediated ...
... from moderately condensed, hyperacetylated euchromatic bands and highly condensed, differentially acetylated centric heterochromatin. Consistent with its demonstrated role in transcriptional repression, SIN3±RPD3 did not co-localize with RNA polymerase II. Chromatin binding of the complex, mediated ...
REGULATING GENE EXPRESSION
... so transcription and translation occur at different times Eukaryotic gene regulation can occur at transcription or after transcription Prokaryotic gene regulation can occur only at transcription Eukaryotic gene regulation can control how much transcription occurs Prokaryotic gene regulation ...
... so transcription and translation occur at different times Eukaryotic gene regulation can occur at transcription or after transcription Prokaryotic gene regulation can occur only at transcription Eukaryotic gene regulation can control how much transcription occurs Prokaryotic gene regulation ...
The role of different positively and negatively charged ions on the
... superhelix (147 base pair long sequence) is wrapped around the nucleosome core built by eight histone proteins. A detailed structural investigation (Davey et al., 2002) has shown that there are over 120 direct protein–DNA interactions as salt bridges between the main chain amides of the histone and ...
... superhelix (147 base pair long sequence) is wrapped around the nucleosome core built by eight histone proteins. A detailed structural investigation (Davey et al., 2002) has shown that there are over 120 direct protein–DNA interactions as salt bridges between the main chain amides of the histone and ...
Bis2A 9.0 Introduction to Gene Regulation
... expression then it is considered an activator. If the regulatory protein acts (by binding DNA) to repress or decrease expression of the gene then it is considered a repressor. Activators and repressors fall into a larger category of proteins called transcription factors, proteins that assemble at th ...
... expression then it is considered an activator. If the regulatory protein acts (by binding DNA) to repress or decrease expression of the gene then it is considered a repressor. Activators and repressors fall into a larger category of proteins called transcription factors, proteins that assemble at th ...
Histone Modifications Associated with Heterochromatin and
... Role of RNAi in Heterochromatin Formation in S. pombe dsRNA is transcribed from centromeric repeats or synthetic hairpin RNAs dsRNA is processed to siRNA ...
... Role of RNAi in Heterochromatin Formation in S. pombe dsRNA is transcribed from centromeric repeats or synthetic hairpin RNAs dsRNA is processed to siRNA ...
Title - Iowa State University
... c. proofreading of each added nucleotide for correct base pairing d. a and c e. all of the above 20. Which component is not directly involved in eukaryote transcription? a. DNA b. transcription factors c. DNA polymerase d. RNA polymerase e. ribose nucleotide 21. What enzyme found in retroviruses all ...
... c. proofreading of each added nucleotide for correct base pairing d. a and c e. all of the above 20. Which component is not directly involved in eukaryote transcription? a. DNA b. transcription factors c. DNA polymerase d. RNA polymerase e. ribose nucleotide 21. What enzyme found in retroviruses all ...
Controllable genes
... 1- Are expressed only as needed. Their amount may increase or decrease with respect to their basal level in different condition. 2- Their structure is relatively complicated with some response elements ...
... 1- Are expressed only as needed. Their amount may increase or decrease with respect to their basal level in different condition. 2- Their structure is relatively complicated with some response elements ...
Regulation of gene expression
... 1- Are expressed only as needed. Their amount may increase or decrease with respect to their basal level in different condition. 2- Their structure is relatively complicated with some response elements ...
... 1- Are expressed only as needed. Their amount may increase or decrease with respect to their basal level in different condition. 2- Their structure is relatively complicated with some response elements ...
Gene expression
... •3D structure can be predicted from the aa-sequence •The function of a protein can be predicted from it’s structure ...
... •3D structure can be predicted from the aa-sequence •The function of a protein can be predicted from it’s structure ...
Gene regulation in Bacteria
... - The interaction between regulatory proteins and DNA sequences have led to two definitions: 1. Trans-effect: Genetic regulation that can occur even though DNA segments are not physically adjacent; mediated by genes that encode regulatory proteins. Example: The action of the lac repressor on the lac ...
... - The interaction between regulatory proteins and DNA sequences have led to two definitions: 1. Trans-effect: Genetic regulation that can occur even though DNA segments are not physically adjacent; mediated by genes that encode regulatory proteins. Example: The action of the lac repressor on the lac ...
Chapter 16 Gene Regulation Levels of Gene Regulation Bacterial
... • Multicellular specialization – Genes for one cell type are not expressed in other cell types ...
... • Multicellular specialization – Genes for one cell type are not expressed in other cell types ...
Gene Expression - Biology Department | Western Washington
... – sample questions, and questions for these chapters will be posted this afternoon. ...
... – sample questions, and questions for these chapters will be posted this afternoon. ...
Lecture#5 - Introduction to gene regulation and operons in
... Inducers - specific substrates that induced the appearance of specific enzymes (new synthesis of the enzymes). beta-galactosidase could be induced with several types of beta-galactosides – IPTG – Fig The enzyme is not normally present in absence of an inducer. ...
... Inducers - specific substrates that induced the appearance of specific enzymes (new synthesis of the enzymes). beta-galactosidase could be induced with several types of beta-galactosides – IPTG – Fig The enzyme is not normally present in absence of an inducer. ...
Learning Guide:
... Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription o Explain why bacteria express only the genes whose products are needed by the cell. o List the three parts of an operon and explain the role of each one. o Distinguish between inducible and repressible operons. Use the trp ...
... Bacteria often respond to environmental change by regulating transcription o Explain why bacteria express only the genes whose products are needed by the cell. o List the three parts of an operon and explain the role of each one. o Distinguish between inducible and repressible operons. Use the trp ...
AP Biology 12
... MP3 Tutor: Control of Gene Expression chapter 18 website D8: Describe some mechanisms by which gene expression is regulated in prokaryotes (and ...
... MP3 Tutor: Control of Gene Expression chapter 18 website D8: Describe some mechanisms by which gene expression is regulated in prokaryotes (and ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine residues within the N-terminal tail protruding from the histone core of the nucleosome are acetylated and deacetylated as part of gene regulation. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are essential parts of gene regulation. These reactions are typically catalysed by enzymes with ""histone acetyltransferase"" (HAT) or ""histone deacetylase"" (HDAC) activity. Acetylation is the process where an acetyl functional group is transferred from one molecule (in this case, Acetyl-Coenzyme A) to another. Deacetylation is simply the reverse reaction where an acetyl group is removed from a molecule.Acetylated histones, octameric proteins that organize chromatin into nucleosomes and ultimately higher order structures, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin. Acetylation removes the positive charge on the histones, thereby decreasing the interaction of the N termini of histones with the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. As a consequence, the condensed chromatin is transformed into a more relaxed structure that is associated with greater levels of gene transcription. This relaxation can be reversed by HDAC activity. Relaxed, transcriptionally active DNA is referred to as euchromatin. More condensed (tightly packed) DNA is referred to as heterochromatin. Condensation can be brought about by processes including deacetylation and methylation; the action of methylation is indirect and has no effect upon charge.