A Fitness-Independent Evolvability Measure for Evolutionary
... most existing evolvability measures are more or less fitnessdependent. Hence, it would be interesting to examine evolvability of developmental models independent of a problemspecific fitness function. In addition, most existing evolvability measures are suggested for discrete direct or developmental ...
... most existing evolvability measures are more or less fitnessdependent. Hence, it would be interesting to examine evolvability of developmental models independent of a problemspecific fitness function. In addition, most existing evolvability measures are suggested for discrete direct or developmental ...
Deficiency in plastidic glutamine synthetase alters proline
... stress and provide interesting insights into the function of proline in response to drought. ...
... stress and provide interesting insights into the function of proline in response to drought. ...
Introduction - Stellenbosch University
... Prominent browsers are at Ensembl, UCSC, and NCBI. Many hundreds of specialized genome browsers are available, some for particular organisms or molecule types. ...
... Prominent browsers are at Ensembl, UCSC, and NCBI. Many hundreds of specialized genome browsers are available, some for particular organisms or molecule types. ...
PpASCL, a moss ortholog of antherspecific chalcone synthaselike
... also shown to be integral components of the sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway (Tang et al., 2009; Grienenberger et al., 2010). Expression of these genes is tightly regulated spatially and temporally so that their expression is initiated at the tetrad stage and restricted to the tapetal cells and mi ...
... also shown to be integral components of the sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway (Tang et al., 2009; Grienenberger et al., 2010). Expression of these genes is tightly regulated spatially and temporally so that their expression is initiated at the tetrad stage and restricted to the tapetal cells and mi ...
Role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) Synthases
... codes for an integral membrane protein with homology to Nramp metal transporter (Chen and Bleecker 1995; Roman et al. 1995). Two other proteins called EIN3 and Ethylene Response Factor (ERF1), localized in the nucleus (Chao et al. 1997), have been identified and participate downstream in the pathway ...
... codes for an integral membrane protein with homology to Nramp metal transporter (Chen and Bleecker 1995; Roman et al. 1995). Two other proteins called EIN3 and Ethylene Response Factor (ERF1), localized in the nucleus (Chao et al. 1997), have been identified and participate downstream in the pathway ...
Rhizopus Raw-Starch-Degrading Glucoamylase: Its
... and Pv indicates Pstl, Hindlll, BamHl and Pvull, respectively. ...
... and Pv indicates Pstl, Hindlll, BamHl and Pvull, respectively. ...
Bacteriophage A cloning system for the construction of
... vector, XORF8, that can be used for the construction of cDNA libraries. The wild-type A genome contains five BamHI, five EcoRI, and seven Hindu restriction sites that have all been removed from the genome of AORF8. Sites for these endonucleases are present within the multiple cloning site of AORF8. ...
... vector, XORF8, that can be used for the construction of cDNA libraries. The wild-type A genome contains five BamHI, five EcoRI, and seven Hindu restriction sites that have all been removed from the genome of AORF8. Sites for these endonucleases are present within the multiple cloning site of AORF8. ...
Development and characterization of DehaloR^2, a novel anaerobic
... wealth of novel chlorinated ethene-respiring bacteria. Various strains of Dehalococcoides sp. are the only identified bacteria to date capable of performing complete dechlorination to ethene (Taş et al. 2009). Previously reported chlorinated ethene-respiring microbial consortia studied in marine sed ...
... wealth of novel chlorinated ethene-respiring bacteria. Various strains of Dehalococcoides sp. are the only identified bacteria to date capable of performing complete dechlorination to ethene (Taş et al. 2009). Previously reported chlorinated ethene-respiring microbial consortia studied in marine sed ...
what is alignment? - UWI St. Augustine
... Significance of local sequence alignment •In global alignment, an attempt is made to align the entire sequences, as many characters as possible. • In local alignment, stretches of sequence with the highest density of matches are given the highest priority, •generating one or more islands of matches ...
... Significance of local sequence alignment •In global alignment, an attempt is made to align the entire sequences, as many characters as possible. • In local alignment, stretches of sequence with the highest density of matches are given the highest priority, •generating one or more islands of matches ...
Visualization, description and analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster
... least partially among generations (Lewontin 1970; Endler 1986). DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic information (Avery et al. 1944), and among its properties two are essential to the evolutionary process. On one hand, the molecule is intrinsically mutable, being this the origin of genetic v ...
... least partially among generations (Lewontin 1970; Endler 1986). DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic information (Avery et al. 1944), and among its properties two are essential to the evolutionary process. On one hand, the molecule is intrinsically mutable, being this the origin of genetic v ...
New functions of the Drosophila rhomboid gene
... have dominant constitutive extra wing vein phenotypes (Sturtevant et al., 1993), we expected that a more systematic attempt to generate dominant alleles might reveal new functions of rho. Furthermore, such dominant phenotypes could serve as valuable genetic tools for isolating second site suppressor ...
... have dominant constitutive extra wing vein phenotypes (Sturtevant et al., 1993), we expected that a more systematic attempt to generate dominant alleles might reveal new functions of rho. Furthermore, such dominant phenotypes could serve as valuable genetic tools for isolating second site suppressor ...
SHY2/IAA3 regulates root development
... SHY2 is north of 0846A, close to IGF20G19 (Fig. 1). A sequenced BAC clone, IGF19P19, extends 16kb into this region and contains two adjacent Aux/IAA genes, IAA3 and IAA17 (Fig. 1). AXR3 also maps to this region and it has been demonstrated to be IAA17 (Rouse et al., 1998). shy2 and axr3 mutants shar ...
... SHY2 is north of 0846A, close to IGF20G19 (Fig. 1). A sequenced BAC clone, IGF19P19, extends 16kb into this region and contains two adjacent Aux/IAA genes, IAA3 and IAA17 (Fig. 1). AXR3 also maps to this region and it has been demonstrated to be IAA17 (Rouse et al., 1998). shy2 and axr3 mutants shar ...
Homologous recombination in budding yeast expressing the human
... expression was controlled by the ADH1 promoter and terminator sequences. Western blots of whole cell extracts from strains containing the adh1::HsRAD52-FLAG allele displayed a 49 kDa peptide consistent with that expected for HsRAD52-FLAG while extracts from strains containing the RAD52-FLAG allele y ...
... expression was controlled by the ADH1 promoter and terminator sequences. Western blots of whole cell extracts from strains containing the adh1::HsRAD52-FLAG allele displayed a 49 kDa peptide consistent with that expected for HsRAD52-FLAG while extracts from strains containing the RAD52-FLAG allele y ...
Metabolic regulation of Escherichia coli cultivated under anaerobic
... The enzyme activities of Ack and ADH, both of which are the AcCoA assimilation pathway enzymes, increased in the ppc mutant. However, the enzyme activity of Pfl, which supplies AcCoA for these two reactions, is much lower than that of the parent strain, and less acetate and ethanol are formed in the ...
... The enzyme activities of Ack and ADH, both of which are the AcCoA assimilation pathway enzymes, increased in the ppc mutant. However, the enzyme activity of Pfl, which supplies AcCoA for these two reactions, is much lower than that of the parent strain, and less acetate and ethanol are formed in the ...
DNA structure, function and metabolism. File
... chromosomes Studied genetics of fruit flies Early 1900’s Experimented with eye color His work contributed to the knowledge of X and Y chromosomes Nobel Peace Prize in 1933 for research in ...
... chromosomes Studied genetics of fruit flies Early 1900’s Experimented with eye color His work contributed to the knowledge of X and Y chromosomes Nobel Peace Prize in 1933 for research in ...
Protocol for Real-Time RT-PCR - MGH-PGA
... bimodal melting curves are sometimes observed for long amplicons (> 200 bp) even when the PCRs are specific. The observed heterogeneity in melting temperature is due to internal sequence inhomogeneity (e.g. independently melting blocks of high and low GC content) rather than non- ...
... bimodal melting curves are sometimes observed for long amplicons (> 200 bp) even when the PCRs are specific. The observed heterogeneity in melting temperature is due to internal sequence inhomogeneity (e.g. independently melting blocks of high and low GC content) rather than non- ...
Cambridge Workshop November 2008
... – Authors/researchers are the experts in their fields – Limited number of FlyBase curators, and increasing amount and variety of data being published – Improves FlyBase utility for everyone ...
... – Authors/researchers are the experts in their fields – Limited number of FlyBase curators, and increasing amount and variety of data being published – Improves FlyBase utility for everyone ...
A Novel CpG Island Set Identifies Tissue-Specific
... resulting library was sequenced to define a novel human blood CGI set that includes many that are not detected by current algorithms. Approximately half of CGIs were associated with annotated gene transcription start sites, the remainder being intra- or intergenic. Using an array representing over 1 ...
... resulting library was sequenced to define a novel human blood CGI set that includes many that are not detected by current algorithms. Approximately half of CGIs were associated with annotated gene transcription start sites, the remainder being intra- or intergenic. Using an array representing over 1 ...
Application of whole genome sequencing to fully characterise
... rMLST uses the sequence data from 53 genes encoding the bacterial ribosome protein subunits. Campylobacter are spiral members of the Epsilonproteobacteria with small genomes (typically 1.5 – 2 Mb). Although MLST has proved to be an excellent tool for the study of Campylobacter populations, the adven ...
... rMLST uses the sequence data from 53 genes encoding the bacterial ribosome protein subunits. Campylobacter are spiral members of the Epsilonproteobacteria with small genomes (typically 1.5 – 2 Mb). Although MLST has proved to be an excellent tool for the study of Campylobacter populations, the adven ...
The Wnt code: cnidarians signal the way
... (Kusserow et al., 2005). Most are expressed along the oral–aboral axis, and they are associated with the blastopore during gastrulation and/or to the oral region of the planula or polyps (Kusserow et al., 2005). Each subfamily of wnt genes is also restricted to one of the two body layers, the ectode ...
... (Kusserow et al., 2005). Most are expressed along the oral–aboral axis, and they are associated with the blastopore during gastrulation and/or to the oral region of the planula or polyps (Kusserow et al., 2005). Each subfamily of wnt genes is also restricted to one of the two body layers, the ectode ...
Trans-chalcone and quercetin down-regulate fatty acid synthase
... [2,3]. Infections caused by this species are difficult to treat and there is only a limited number of antifungal drugs available for clinical use, especially when compared to the arsenal of antibacterial drugs [4,5]. Therefore, novel drugs with more specific and effective mechanisms of action agains ...
... [2,3]. Infections caused by this species are difficult to treat and there is only a limited number of antifungal drugs available for clinical use, especially when compared to the arsenal of antibacterial drugs [4,5]. Therefore, novel drugs with more specific and effective mechanisms of action agains ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... with the revised conditions was found to be close to 100%. In addition, CSGE was found to be a simple and practical method for analyzing large numbers of samples. Fifteen mutations in the COL11A1 gene and eight in the COL2A1 gene were found by CSGE in patients with Marshall or Stickler syndrome. The ...
... with the revised conditions was found to be close to 100%. In addition, CSGE was found to be a simple and practical method for analyzing large numbers of samples. Fifteen mutations in the COL11A1 gene and eight in the COL2A1 gene were found by CSGE in patients with Marshall or Stickler syndrome. The ...
VegT activates Bix4 to specify endodermal
... Members of the Bix family of paired-type homeoboxcontaining genes are strong candidates for direct VegT targets (Tada et al., 1998). Bix1-Bix4 were originally isolated as targets of the T-box gene Xbra, which is expressed at the onset of gastrulation in the prospective mesoderm of the Xenopus embryo ...
... Members of the Bix family of paired-type homeoboxcontaining genes are strong candidates for direct VegT targets (Tada et al., 1998). Bix1-Bix4 were originally isolated as targets of the T-box gene Xbra, which is expressed at the onset of gastrulation in the prospective mesoderm of the Xenopus embryo ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.