Optimizing cofactor availability for the production of recombinant
... activity-enhancing trends seen for HEM1 and HEM3 were considered a consequence of the cooverexpressed HEM gene, although the standard deviation in these experiments was high. The high standard deviations in this screening (Figure 2) were caused by the transformant-totransformant variation typically ...
... activity-enhancing trends seen for HEM1 and HEM3 were considered a consequence of the cooverexpressed HEM gene, although the standard deviation in these experiments was high. The high standard deviations in this screening (Figure 2) were caused by the transformant-totransformant variation typically ...
RNA–Amino Acid Binding - University of Colorado-MCDB
... side chain is hooked, not quite completely extended in fitting its site (Fig. 4). Further, the site has been shown to tolerate variation and bulky, even polar, substitutions midside chain, as long as the side chain remains about the right length (Blount et al. 2007). This observed tolerance for modi ...
... side chain is hooked, not quite completely extended in fitting its site (Fig. 4). Further, the site has been shown to tolerate variation and bulky, even polar, substitutions midside chain, as long as the side chain remains about the right length (Blount et al. 2007). This observed tolerance for modi ...
Genomic dissection of plant development and its
... 20% of the lines. We then calculated R2pred to be the squared Pearson product–moment correlation between predicted and observed phenotypic values. The means of R2adj and R2pred, measured over 200 runs, were ultimately recorded as the final values. We used the BARLEYMAP pipeline (Cantalapiedra et al ...
... 20% of the lines. We then calculated R2pred to be the squared Pearson product–moment correlation between predicted and observed phenotypic values. The means of R2adj and R2pred, measured over 200 runs, were ultimately recorded as the final values. We used the BARLEYMAP pipeline (Cantalapiedra et al ...
Full-Text PDF
... Because of the complexity of the human organism and the difficulties associated with direct experimentation, it is necessary to make studies and analyses in model organisms. As will be seen, there is no perfect model system. 2.1. Mammalian Systems Mammals come to mind as the first choice. Mouse mode ...
... Because of the complexity of the human organism and the difficulties associated with direct experimentation, it is necessary to make studies and analyses in model organisms. As will be seen, there is no perfect model system. 2.1. Mammalian Systems Mammals come to mind as the first choice. Mouse mode ...
Multilocus genetic models of handedness closely resemble
... long as sample sizes are sufficient. Because there are only a small number of published GWASs looking at handedness (which are reviewed below), data are analyzed here from a large molecular genetic study in order to look for associations with handedness on a genome-wide basis. These results will be ...
... long as sample sizes are sufficient. Because there are only a small number of published GWASs looking at handedness (which are reviewed below), data are analyzed here from a large molecular genetic study in order to look for associations with handedness on a genome-wide basis. These results will be ...
Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human
... Correlation with predicted secondary structure Secondary structure predictions of the exon sequences containing the SNPs show that SNPs are found in all the secondary structural elements: helical, beta-sheet and coil regions. While the absolute number of SNPs in coils is generally more than the numb ...
... Correlation with predicted secondary structure Secondary structure predictions of the exon sequences containing the SNPs show that SNPs are found in all the secondary structural elements: helical, beta-sheet and coil regions. While the absolute number of SNPs in coils is generally more than the numb ...
Get - Wiley Online Library
... The bases of certain nucleotides can bind to others via hydrogen bonds. These noncovalent interactions (called base pairing) allow different nucleic acid molecules to recognize each other. Generally, G pairs with C and A with T (in DNA) or U (in RNA). Thus, two nucleic acid polymers containing compl ...
... The bases of certain nucleotides can bind to others via hydrogen bonds. These noncovalent interactions (called base pairing) allow different nucleic acid molecules to recognize each other. Generally, G pairs with C and A with T (in DNA) or U (in RNA). Thus, two nucleic acid polymers containing compl ...
View PDF - DNA and Natural Algorithms Group
... genetic information between generations of replicators. This would have in turn engendered the cycle of Darwinian evolution that is still playing out today. Assuming that the RNA world immediately preceded the advent of translation and the evolution of the modern cell in which proteins are the funct ...
... genetic information between generations of replicators. This would have in turn engendered the cycle of Darwinian evolution that is still playing out today. Assuming that the RNA world immediately preceded the advent of translation and the evolution of the modern cell in which proteins are the funct ...
PDF file
... placenta cDNA library (CLONTECH). This cDNA encoded PIR1 (GenBank™ AF023917) that was cloned by Yuan et al. (19) while this work was in progress. In accord with Yuan et al. (19), Northern analysis detected a single 1.7-kilobase PIR1 transcript in eight different human tissues (data not shown). A seq ...
... placenta cDNA library (CLONTECH). This cDNA encoded PIR1 (GenBank™ AF023917) that was cloned by Yuan et al. (19) while this work was in progress. In accord with Yuan et al. (19), Northern analysis detected a single 1.7-kilobase PIR1 transcript in eight different human tissues (data not shown). A seq ...
Complex Heterozygosity Screening with Actin Alanine Scan Alleles
... enriched for actin-related genes as well as others not previously connected to cytoskeletal functions (Haarer et al. 2007). Further screening of the nonessential genes has expanded the list of CHI interactions with an actin-null allele to a total of 238 genes (Supporting Information, Table S1). More ...
... enriched for actin-related genes as well as others not previously connected to cytoskeletal functions (Haarer et al. 2007). Further screening of the nonessential genes has expanded the list of CHI interactions with an actin-null allele to a total of 238 genes (Supporting Information, Table S1). More ...
Predictable Alteration of Sequence Recognition by RNA
... can be found in all eukaryotes, from humans to algae, although they differ greatly in number between organisms. This protein family has massively expanded in terrestrial plants, which contain from ;100 (Physcomitrella) to over 1000 (Selaginella) PPR proteins (Fujii and Small, 2011). PPR proteins are ...
... can be found in all eukaryotes, from humans to algae, although they differ greatly in number between organisms. This protein family has massively expanded in terrestrial plants, which contain from ;100 (Physcomitrella) to over 1000 (Selaginella) PPR proteins (Fujii and Small, 2011). PPR proteins are ...
3.1 Dominant, Recessive, Heterozygous
... Lynda has one allele for straight hair, and one allele for wavy hair. Straight hair is dominant over ...
... Lynda has one allele for straight hair, and one allele for wavy hair. Straight hair is dominant over ...
... that heterosis is not a unitary phenomenon, but a complex series of phenomena for which no single cause or mechanism can be properly assumed to apply to all cases. The early hypothesis of DOCTOR EASTand myself that heterogeneity of the protoplasmic materials results in greater physiological effectiv ...
Maternal uniparental disomyof chromosome 13
... Since Engel originally postulated the existence produced a true isochromosome since all the of UPD in 1980,' several examples have been polymorphic AC repeat alleles examined were reported involving all or part of chromosomes homozygous despite all being highly (>75%) 6,7,11,14,15,16,21,22, and the ...
... Since Engel originally postulated the existence produced a true isochromosome since all the of UPD in 1980,' several examples have been polymorphic AC repeat alleles examined were reported involving all or part of chromosomes homozygous despite all being highly (>75%) 6,7,11,14,15,16,21,22, and the ...
Aberrant DNA methylation in cancer: potential clinical
... methylation at CpG islands and overall decreases in the genome-wide level of methylation in the development of cancer, and possible mechanisms by which such methylation abnormalities arise. In addition, the potential of DNA methylation as a target for novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches is d ...
... methylation at CpG islands and overall decreases in the genome-wide level of methylation in the development of cancer, and possible mechanisms by which such methylation abnormalities arise. In addition, the potential of DNA methylation as a target for novel therapeutic and diagnostic approaches is d ...
Application of molecular markers in plant breeding
... barley requires one more generation). -traits expressed in a late development stage or where the individual needs to be sacrificed to score its phenotype (e.g. male sterility in Brassica napus, final attenuation in malting barley). -alleles not expressed in the selection environment. -combining trai ...
... barley requires one more generation). -traits expressed in a late development stage or where the individual needs to be sacrificed to score its phenotype (e.g. male sterility in Brassica napus, final attenuation in malting barley). -alleles not expressed in the selection environment. -combining trai ...
Brassinosteroids Rescue the Deficiency of CYP90, a Cytochrome
... COP, and FUS genes are thought to code for specific negative regulators of light signaling because the developmental and molecular phenotypes of det, cop, and fus mutants are not altered by the hy mutations of photoreceptors (Quail et al., 1995). Nonetheless, because these mutations have severe plei ...
... COP, and FUS genes are thought to code for specific negative regulators of light signaling because the developmental and molecular phenotypes of det, cop, and fus mutants are not altered by the hy mutations of photoreceptors (Quail et al., 1995). Nonetheless, because these mutations have severe plei ...
mRNA Export - e
... •The general RanGTP-dependent protein export receptor CRM1 can be involved in the nuclear export of a subset of transcripts, such as mRNAs of several protooncogenes and cytokines, that contain AU-rich elements. •CRM1 itself does not bind to RNA, instead recruiting NEScontaining adaptor proteins that ...
... •The general RanGTP-dependent protein export receptor CRM1 can be involved in the nuclear export of a subset of transcripts, such as mRNAs of several protooncogenes and cytokines, that contain AU-rich elements. •CRM1 itself does not bind to RNA, instead recruiting NEScontaining adaptor proteins that ...
Distribution of orphan metabolic activities
... reporting the sequenced gene for a new activity. Distribution of orphan activities across the biochemical space What is the distribution of orphan activities across the enzymatic functional space? One possibility is that orphan activities are primarily clustered in less studied regions of the EC cla ...
... reporting the sequenced gene for a new activity. Distribution of orphan activities across the biochemical space What is the distribution of orphan activities across the enzymatic functional space? One possibility is that orphan activities are primarily clustered in less studied regions of the EC cla ...
video slide
... Concept 14.3: Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian genetics • The relationship between genotype and phenotype is rarely as simple as in the pea plant characters Mendel studied • Many heritable characters are not determined by only one gene with two alleles ...
... Concept 14.3: Inheritance patterns are often more complex than predicted by simple Mendelian genetics • The relationship between genotype and phenotype is rarely as simple as in the pea plant characters Mendel studied • Many heritable characters are not determined by only one gene with two alleles ...
Coordination of the maize transcriptome by a conserved circadian
... with "cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process" (GO: 0006519), which showed overrepresentation of genes with peak levels at ZT20 (Table 1, Figure 2). These results indicate maize protein synthesis may also have a pre-dawn phase. Interestingly, Arabidopsis genes associated with protein sy ...
... with "cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process" (GO: 0006519), which showed overrepresentation of genes with peak levels at ZT20 (Table 1, Figure 2). These results indicate maize protein synthesis may also have a pre-dawn phase. Interestingly, Arabidopsis genes associated with protein sy ...
Investigating the importance of anatomical homology for
... human diseases, transferring knowledge among model organisms, and studying the genetic basis of evolutionary innovations. Two organismal features, whether genes, anatomical parts, or any other inherited feature, are considered to be homologous when they are evolutionarily derived from a single featu ...
... human diseases, transferring knowledge among model organisms, and studying the genetic basis of evolutionary innovations. Two organismal features, whether genes, anatomical parts, or any other inherited feature, are considered to be homologous when they are evolutionarily derived from a single featu ...
Spatially restricted domains of homeo-gene
... and the lung (Fig. 4D) . Hox-L .4 transcripts were detected in the thyroid gland but, unlike Hox-1.5 transcripts, were not present generally in tissues that formed the floor of the pharynx (Fig. 48) . Hox-1.4 transcripts were not, therefore, detectable anterior to the thyroid duct . Hox-l .4 transcr ...
... and the lung (Fig. 4D) . Hox-L .4 transcripts were detected in the thyroid gland but, unlike Hox-1.5 transcripts, were not present generally in tissues that formed the floor of the pharynx (Fig. 48) . Hox-1.4 transcripts were not, therefore, detectable anterior to the thyroid duct . Hox-l .4 transcr ...
Multilocus genetic models of handedness closely resemble
... Handedness correlates with key human cognitive processes of language, which, as Dax and Broca showed in the 19th century, are mainly carried out by the left hemisphere of the brain.14 Although left-handers are often assumed to have righthemisphere dominance for language, that is mostly not the case, ...
... Handedness correlates with key human cognitive processes of language, which, as Dax and Broca showed in the 19th century, are mainly carried out by the left hemisphere of the brain.14 Although left-handers are often assumed to have righthemisphere dominance for language, that is mostly not the case, ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.