Horizontal transfer generates genetic variation in an asexual
... CG (15 to 25) was found in strains DVD-3, DVD-31, DVD-161 and DVD-s29. There was no coverage of the region by reads from DVD-s29. Similarly, another example with type 2 SNPs at positions 615,713 and 615,747 bp of VdLs17 supercontig 1.9 illustrates that JR2 was composed of three types of highly simil ...
... CG (15 to 25) was found in strains DVD-3, DVD-31, DVD-161 and DVD-s29. There was no coverage of the region by reads from DVD-s29. Similarly, another example with type 2 SNPs at positions 615,713 and 615,747 bp of VdLs17 supercontig 1.9 illustrates that JR2 was composed of three types of highly simil ...
Report Number of Nuclear Divisions in the Drosophila Blastoderm
... expression of CyclinB. Although the altered levels of RNA polymerase II in X161 mutants probably affect expression of many genes during oogenesis, these changes seem not to matter in functional terms, given the overall normal morphology and specific mutant phenotype. It is conceivable that transcrip ...
... expression of CyclinB. Although the altered levels of RNA polymerase II in X161 mutants probably affect expression of many genes during oogenesis, these changes seem not to matter in functional terms, given the overall normal morphology and specific mutant phenotype. It is conceivable that transcrip ...
LEADING ARTICLE Concurrent disruption of p16INK4a and
... The INK4a/ARF locus at chromosome 9p21 encodes two structurally and functionally distinct molecules with tumor-suppressive properties. p16INK4a controls cell cycle progression by inhibiting phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), while ARF prevents MDM2-mediated degradation of p53. By us ...
... The INK4a/ARF locus at chromosome 9p21 encodes two structurally and functionally distinct molecules with tumor-suppressive properties. p16INK4a controls cell cycle progression by inhibiting phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), while ARF prevents MDM2-mediated degradation of p53. By us ...
Misregulation of pre-mRNA splicing that causes human diseases
... About one third of all human genes are subject to alternative splicing. The molecular mechanisms that regulate alternative splice site usage are beginning to emerge and show that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are integrated processes that can be modified by cellular signals. Several diseases ...
... About one third of all human genes are subject to alternative splicing. The molecular mechanisms that regulate alternative splice site usage are beginning to emerge and show that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are integrated processes that can be modified by cellular signals. Several diseases ...
Nadal_et_al_final
... production of different metabolites [1]. Diacetyl and acetoin are important flavor ...
... production of different metabolites [1]. Diacetyl and acetoin are important flavor ...
C. neoformans
... N2 nematodes were fed on lawns of C. neoformans and then at different time-points transferred to lawns of non-pathogenic cryptococci. All nematodes that survived transfer were rescued, regained normal non-distended anatomy and no C. neoformans yeast cells could be cultured followed “grinding” of the ...
... N2 nematodes were fed on lawns of C. neoformans and then at different time-points transferred to lawns of non-pathogenic cryptococci. All nematodes that survived transfer were rescued, regained normal non-distended anatomy and no C. neoformans yeast cells could be cultured followed “grinding” of the ...
Full Text
... Mishra et al. (2005) suggested that resistance was not invariably associated with PBC and Kota et al. (2006) reported that the two traits were inseparable by recombination. Besides, both monogenic (Sheen et al., 1968; Bariana et al., 2001) and digenic inheritance of PBC has been suggested (Kaur et a ...
... Mishra et al. (2005) suggested that resistance was not invariably associated with PBC and Kota et al. (2006) reported that the two traits were inseparable by recombination. Besides, both monogenic (Sheen et al., 1968; Bariana et al., 2001) and digenic inheritance of PBC has been suggested (Kaur et a ...
Requirement for chitin biosynthesis in epithelial tube morphogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 17014-17019. pdf
... 2A12 staining. Class IIIa and IIIb mutants display severe constrictions and expansions along the length of the dorsal trunk and greatly reduce (IIIa) or almost completely eliminate (IIIb) 2A12 staining. (K–T) Longitudinal confocal optical sections through dorsal trunks of stage 16 control cystic⫹ (K ...
... 2A12 staining. Class IIIa and IIIb mutants display severe constrictions and expansions along the length of the dorsal trunk and greatly reduce (IIIa) or almost completely eliminate (IIIb) 2A12 staining. (K–T) Longitudinal confocal optical sections through dorsal trunks of stage 16 control cystic⫹ (K ...
Construction and Analysis of 2 Reciprocal Arabidopsis Introgression
... Col-0 was initially obtained from G. Rédei (University of Missouri-Columbia, USA) and C24 from J. P. Hernalsteens (Vrije Universiteit Brussels). As a base population for IL development, we developed 2 sets of reciprocal (82 Col-0 C24/96 C24 Col-0) BC3F1 lines using the single-seed descent metho ...
... Col-0 was initially obtained from G. Rédei (University of Missouri-Columbia, USA) and C24 from J. P. Hernalsteens (Vrije Universiteit Brussels). As a base population for IL development, we developed 2 sets of reciprocal (82 Col-0 C24/96 C24 Col-0) BC3F1 lines using the single-seed descent metho ...
8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER
... metaphase, and the right chromatid shows the banding pattern as it would appear during prometaphase. Why is the banding pattern of eukaryotic chromosomes useful? First, when stained, individual chromosomes can be distinguished from each other, even if they have similar sizes and centromeric location ...
... metaphase, and the right chromatid shows the banding pattern as it would appear during prometaphase. Why is the banding pattern of eukaryotic chromosomes useful? First, when stained, individual chromosomes can be distinguished from each other, even if they have similar sizes and centromeric location ...
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive
... al., 2007). In contrast to an earlier finding of reduced SGR gene expression in the mutant (Armstead et al., 2007), gene expression was found to be normal. By complementing a rice sgr mutant with rice SGR gene exhibiting a 6-bp-insertion, it was concluded that the analogous mutation present in Mende ...
... al., 2007). In contrast to an earlier finding of reduced SGR gene expression in the mutant (Armstead et al., 2007), gene expression was found to be normal. By complementing a rice sgr mutant with rice SGR gene exhibiting a 6-bp-insertion, it was concluded that the analogous mutation present in Mende ...
It`s All In the Family
... you have Alpha-1, you received one Alpha-1 gene from your mother and one Alpha-1 gene from your father. Your siblings may inherit the same genes, or a different set of Alpha-1 genes. Most people identified with Alpha-1 have the ZZ “genotype”. Another common gene for Alpha-1 is the “S” gene. Figure 1 ...
... you have Alpha-1, you received one Alpha-1 gene from your mother and one Alpha-1 gene from your father. Your siblings may inherit the same genes, or a different set of Alpha-1 genes. Most people identified with Alpha-1 have the ZZ “genotype”. Another common gene for Alpha-1 is the “S” gene. Figure 1 ...
Notch activity induces Nodal expression and mediates the
... Brennan et al. 2002). A search for conserved regulatory elements in this region identified a consensus bindingsite for Hoxc8 and two binding-sites for CBF1/RBPjk (Fig. 2B). To ascertain whether these putative binding sites are able to bind RBPjk, we performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays us ...
... Brennan et al. 2002). A search for conserved regulatory elements in this region identified a consensus bindingsite for Hoxc8 and two binding-sites for CBF1/RBPjk (Fig. 2B). To ascertain whether these putative binding sites are able to bind RBPjk, we performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays us ...
Chapter 14
... • For example, the four phenotypes of the ABO blood group in humans are determined by three alleles for the enzyme (I) that attaches A or B carbohydrates to red blood cells: IA, IB, and i. • The enzyme encoded by the IA allele adds the A carbohydrate, whereas the enzyme encoded by the IB allele adds ...
... • For example, the four phenotypes of the ABO blood group in humans are determined by three alleles for the enzyme (I) that attaches A or B carbohydrates to red blood cells: IA, IB, and i. • The enzyme encoded by the IA allele adds the A carbohydrate, whereas the enzyme encoded by the IB allele adds ...
Eds., N. Hamamura, S. Suzuki, S. Mendo, C. M. Barroso,... © by TERRAPUB, 2010.
... PCR was carried out in 50 µl reaction mixture consisting of 3.0 mM MgCl2, 0.3 pmol of each oligonucleotide (Table 1), 0.2 mM of each dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP, 1 × green GoTaq®Flexi Buffer (Promega, USA), 1 U GoTaq® DNA polymerase (Promega, USA), 10–100 ng plasmid DNA of clone 69. Twenty-five ampli ...
... PCR was carried out in 50 µl reaction mixture consisting of 3.0 mM MgCl2, 0.3 pmol of each oligonucleotide (Table 1), 0.2 mM of each dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP, 1 × green GoTaq®Flexi Buffer (Promega, USA), 1 U GoTaq® DNA polymerase (Promega, USA), 10–100 ng plasmid DNA of clone 69. Twenty-five ampli ...
mic.sgmjournals.org
... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a biotin-auxotrophic bacterium and some strains efficiently produce glutamic acid under biotin-limiting conditions. In an effort to understand C. glutamicum metabolism under biotin limitation, growth of the type strain ATCC 13032 was investigated in batch cultures and a ...
... Corynebacterium glutamicum is a biotin-auxotrophic bacterium and some strains efficiently produce glutamic acid under biotin-limiting conditions. In an effort to understand C. glutamicum metabolism under biotin limitation, growth of the type strain ATCC 13032 was investigated in batch cultures and a ...
SelectedJournalAsthm..
... population. Clin Exp Allergy 2003;33:1103-10. Van Eerdewegh P, Little RD, Dupuis J, et al. Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Nature 2002;418:426-30. Wilkinson J, Grimley S, Collins A, et al. Linkage of asthma to markers on chromosome 12 in a sample of 240 ...
... population. Clin Exp Allergy 2003;33:1103-10. Van Eerdewegh P, Little RD, Dupuis J, et al. Association of the ADAM33 gene with asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Nature 2002;418:426-30. Wilkinson J, Grimley S, Collins A, et al. Linkage of asthma to markers on chromosome 12 in a sample of 240 ...
Genetics Principles And Analysis
... Daniel L. Hartl is a Professor of Biology at Harvard University. He received his B.S. degree and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. His research interests include molecular genetics, molecular evolution, and population genetics. Elizabeth W. Jones is a Professor of Biological Sciences at Carneg ...
... Daniel L. Hartl is a Professor of Biology at Harvard University. He received his B.S. degree and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. His research interests include molecular genetics, molecular evolution, and population genetics. Elizabeth W. Jones is a Professor of Biological Sciences at Carneg ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... heat shock genes, takes part in the positive regulation (directly or indirectly) of putisolvin biosynthesis at the transcriptional level. Growth of PCL1445 at low temperature resulted in an increased level of putisolvins, and mutant analyses showed that this requires dnaK and dnaJ but not grpE. In a ...
... heat shock genes, takes part in the positive regulation (directly or indirectly) of putisolvin biosynthesis at the transcriptional level. Growth of PCL1445 at low temperature resulted in an increased level of putisolvins, and mutant analyses showed that this requires dnaK and dnaJ but not grpE. In a ...
A genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in buccal - VU-DARE
... average genome-wide heritability of DNA methylation was higher when restricting to the most variable CpG sites (for the top 10% CpGs of which methylation level varied most between subjects, the average heritability was 37%) 34. It was also found that gene body and intergenic regions showed higher a ...
... average genome-wide heritability of DNA methylation was higher when restricting to the most variable CpG sites (for the top 10% CpGs of which methylation level varied most between subjects, the average heritability was 37%) 34. It was also found that gene body and intergenic regions showed higher a ...
High-resolution melting analysis of the single nucleotide
... Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium, is the main causative agent of hospital-acquired diarrhoea worldwide. In addition to metronidazole and vancomycin, rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, is a promising antibiotic for the treatment of recurring C. difficile infe ...
... Clostridium difficile, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium, is the main causative agent of hospital-acquired diarrhoea worldwide. In addition to metronidazole and vancomycin, rifaximin, a rifamycin derivative, is a promising antibiotic for the treatment of recurring C. difficile infe ...
2- pcr primer design and reaction optimisation
... the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than the chosen target is very low. For example, there is a 1⁄4 chance (4-1) of finding an A, G, C or T in any given DNA sequence; there is a 1/16 chance (4-2) of finding any dinucleotide sequence (eg. AG); a 1/256 chance of finding a given 4-base seque ...
... the likelihood of annealing to sequences other than the chosen target is very low. For example, there is a 1⁄4 chance (4-1) of finding an A, G, C or T in any given DNA sequence; there is a 1/16 chance (4-2) of finding any dinucleotide sequence (eg. AG); a 1/256 chance of finding a given 4-base seque ...
Supplementary Legends - Word file
... two nuclei. The lack of the second furrow can be explained by the absence of a functional spindle midzone, while the completion of the first furrow suggests that the spindle midzone is dispensable for the completion of cytokinesis. However, there seem to be proteins necessary for completion of cytok ...
... two nuclei. The lack of the second furrow can be explained by the absence of a functional spindle midzone, while the completion of the first furrow suggests that the spindle midzone is dispensable for the completion of cytokinesis. However, there seem to be proteins necessary for completion of cytok ...
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern among Staphylococcus spp. with
... means isolates with MIC≥512µg/ml harbor a high copy number of mecA genes and regulatory elements (4,17). For achieving this hypothesis, all PCR tests were performed using same amount of template DNA and with similar concentration. It may also be due to the availability of sites of DNA amplification. ...
... means isolates with MIC≥512µg/ml harbor a high copy number of mecA genes and regulatory elements (4,17). For achieving this hypothesis, all PCR tests were performed using same amount of template DNA and with similar concentration. It may also be due to the availability of sites of DNA amplification. ...
Gene
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as the gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term ""having a gene"" (e.g., ""good genes,"" ""hair colour gene"") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. For example, regulatory regions of a gene can be far removed from its coding regions, and coding regions can be split into several exons. Some viruses store their genome in RNA instead of DNA and some gene products are functional non-coding RNAs. Therefore, a broad, modern working definition of a gene is any discrete locus of heritable, genomic sequence which affect an organism's traits by being expressed as a functional product or by regulation of gene expression.