Towards a Theory of Sustainable Development
... 1. It must be contextual, i.e., it must perceive all features of the social process of immediate concern in relation to the manifold of events comprising the relevant whole. 2. It must be problem-oriented. 3. It must be multi-method. 4. It must be interdisciplinary with a focus on the dynamics of gl ...
... 1. It must be contextual, i.e., it must perceive all features of the social process of immediate concern in relation to the manifold of events comprising the relevant whole. 2. It must be problem-oriented. 3. It must be multi-method. 4. It must be interdisciplinary with a focus on the dynamics of gl ...
A southern perspective on development studies
... The political and intellectual undercurrents that drove the centre of world power after the Second World War are not recognizable today, given the relatively “multi-polar” dominion arrangements, despite United States of America’s relative hegemony. Then it seemed imminent the face-to-face confrontat ...
... The political and intellectual undercurrents that drove the centre of world power after the Second World War are not recognizable today, given the relatively “multi-polar” dominion arrangements, despite United States of America’s relative hegemony. Then it seemed imminent the face-to-face confrontat ...
The Problem of Ideology: Marxism without
... against these positions. They begin with the denial that any such simple correspondences exist, or that the ‘superstructures’ are totally devoid of their own specific effects, in Engels’ gloss on ‘what Marx thought’ (especially in the later correspondence). The glosses by Engels are immensely fruitf ...
... against these positions. They begin with the denial that any such simple correspondences exist, or that the ‘superstructures’ are totally devoid of their own specific effects, in Engels’ gloss on ‘what Marx thought’ (especially in the later correspondence). The glosses by Engels are immensely fruitf ...
PDF
... ing to which the operation of a set of competitive markets yields, under certain conditions, a Pareto-optimal equilibrium outcome that maximises the welfare of society. 1 Institutional economists have questioned this approach as being unable to provide a relevant framework to base policy recommendat ...
... ing to which the operation of a set of competitive markets yields, under certain conditions, a Pareto-optimal equilibrium outcome that maximises the welfare of society. 1 Institutional economists have questioned this approach as being unable to provide a relevant framework to base policy recommendat ...
ALEXANDROS KIOUPKIOLIS Self managing the - co
... beyond economic activity and strives to supplant the dominant capitalist institutions with bottom-up alternatives based on equity, justice and solidarity. From this perspective we can single out the collective economic activities that were initiated by the resistance movements from 2008 onwards and ...
... beyond economic activity and strives to supplant the dominant capitalist institutions with bottom-up alternatives based on equity, justice and solidarity. From this perspective we can single out the collective economic activities that were initiated by the resistance movements from 2008 onwards and ...
Neoliberalism and the Crisis of Public Institutions
... The neoliberal way of thinking about human society in terms of market principles has become ubiquitous in contemporary modernity. It informs the common sense of elite decision making in both national and international institutions. Yet an approach to institutional design that makes market principles ...
... The neoliberal way of thinking about human society in terms of market principles has become ubiquitous in contemporary modernity. It informs the common sense of elite decision making in both national and international institutions. Yet an approach to institutional design that makes market principles ...
Stigler*v model
... resources to lobby the regulators. It is not uncommon for an official of a regulatory agency to wind up in a highpaying job with a firm that previously fell under their regulatory purview. The regulators may not want to antagonize the firms they regulate because they want to "keep their options open ...
... resources to lobby the regulators. It is not uncommon for an official of a regulatory agency to wind up in a highpaying job with a firm that previously fell under their regulatory purview. The regulators may not want to antagonize the firms they regulate because they want to "keep their options open ...
The End of the European Social Model: Before It Began? James
... Employment and working time The particular way in which the European labour market is regulated has consequences for the wider society. Although some countries have clearly become more ready to accept low paid jobs as a solution to unemployment, it remains the case that European economic growth has ...
... Employment and working time The particular way in which the European labour market is regulated has consequences for the wider society. Although some countries have clearly become more ready to accept low paid jobs as a solution to unemployment, it remains the case that European economic growth has ...
Economic Growth through the Development Process
... 2.3 Government policies and reforms The political environment in a country is supportive of either of the two strategies or hinders their implementation. Zilibotti (2008) presents governmental influence by differentiating between rigid and flexible policies, the first promoting long-term contracts a ...
... 2.3 Government policies and reforms The political environment in a country is supportive of either of the two strategies or hinders their implementation. Zilibotti (2008) presents governmental influence by differentiating between rigid and flexible policies, the first promoting long-term contracts a ...
the transformation of the socialist governance system
... In relation to market co-ordination in the socialist system, there are fundamental questions still without satisfactory answers. A question of this kind is, for example, was there a labour market, when there was no labour mobility? The restrictions on labour mobility were many, including the so call ...
... In relation to market co-ordination in the socialist system, there are fundamental questions still without satisfactory answers. A question of this kind is, for example, was there a labour market, when there was no labour mobility? The restrictions on labour mobility were many, including the so call ...
- National Affairs
... On a lesser scale, a similar development took place during the mid-1970s. Having been blamed for causing the "energy crisis," the oil industry was scarcely in a position to demand additional concessions--lest the nation's supply of oil be distruptedl On the other hand, when the economy is performing ...
... On a lesser scale, a similar development took place during the mid-1970s. Having been blamed for causing the "energy crisis," the oil industry was scarcely in a position to demand additional concessions--lest the nation's supply of oil be distruptedl On the other hand, when the economy is performing ...
Economic Training for Journalists in Serbia
... media outlets will benefit from the courses. Journalists will be invited to participate, i.e. being selected for the participationin the training via two distinct processes. The first one is applied to those journalists (from both printed and electronic media) who are already well-known for their sk ...
... media outlets will benefit from the courses. Journalists will be invited to participate, i.e. being selected for the participationin the training via two distinct processes. The first one is applied to those journalists (from both printed and electronic media) who are already well-known for their sk ...
The specificity of the Latin American State - CEPAL
... countries are "subordinate". They generally have relatively little power to take certain basic economic decisions, especially those concerning the production and marketing of goods. On the other hand, the "political sphere" still has the nation-State as its principal referent. This does not mean tha ...
... countries are "subordinate". They generally have relatively little power to take certain basic economic decisions, especially those concerning the production and marketing of goods. On the other hand, the "political sphere" still has the nation-State as its principal referent. This does not mean tha ...
Democracy unto the Earth, Liberty unto Mankind?
... Arguably, it is constitutional liberalism not democracy that differentiates Western Europe and North American from the rest of the world. Likewise, it is constitutional liberalism that preceded democracy in these instances. Traditionally this has precluded a heated debate concerning the age-old ques ...
... Arguably, it is constitutional liberalism not democracy that differentiates Western Europe and North American from the rest of the world. Likewise, it is constitutional liberalism that preceded democracy in these instances. Traditionally this has precluded a heated debate concerning the age-old ques ...
The Effect of Globalization on International Trade: The Black Sea
... international trade has grown by a factor of 16 times since the late 1970s. In this regards ongoing growth of international trade, both in absolute terms and in relation to global national income can be taken as the first trend. The growing role of multinational corporations is the next since they a ...
... international trade has grown by a factor of 16 times since the late 1970s. In this regards ongoing growth of international trade, both in absolute terms and in relation to global national income can be taken as the first trend. The growing role of multinational corporations is the next since they a ...
Mexican Meltdown: States, Markets, and post
... paradox recalls Karl Polanyi's celebrated phrase: "laissez-faire was planned."3 The financial meltdown stimulated a debate over the free market model of development promoted by Washington.4 Mexico, recently considered the paradigm for countries undergoing market reforms, had again become a pariah. P ...
... paradox recalls Karl Polanyi's celebrated phrase: "laissez-faire was planned."3 The financial meltdown stimulated a debate over the free market model of development promoted by Washington.4 Mexico, recently considered the paradigm for countries undergoing market reforms, had again become a pariah. P ...
See Presentation
... This one is characterized by corrections, extensions, reorientations, and revisions ...
... This one is characterized by corrections, extensions, reorientations, and revisions ...
Doyle and Recchia, Liberalism in International
... directly rules foreign policy or that the entire governmental elite is liberal. It can instead assume that the elite typically manages public affairs but that potentially nonliberal members of the elite have reason to doubt that illiberal policies would be e1ectorally sustained and endorsed by the m ...
... directly rules foreign policy or that the entire governmental elite is liberal. It can instead assume that the elite typically manages public affairs but that potentially nonliberal members of the elite have reason to doubt that illiberal policies would be e1ectorally sustained and endorsed by the m ...
globalizing developing nations: a political economy
... The concepts underlying international and regional institutions have drawn heavily from ‘regime’ theories to analyse the separate, complementary, and often conflicting, norms governing the role of institutions built on basic values, and ideology, the internal organization structures, including hier ...
... The concepts underlying international and regional institutions have drawn heavily from ‘regime’ theories to analyse the separate, complementary, and often conflicting, norms governing the role of institutions built on basic values, and ideology, the internal organization structures, including hier ...
If a Pure Market Economy Is So Good, Why Doesn`t It Exist? The
... for pessimism are in Cowen (1992, 1994), which maintain that, without a government monopoly over the use of force, competing groups that can cooperate to resolve disputes also can collude to exercise coercion. Cowen and Sutter (1999) follows up with the more general claim that the very factors, such ...
... for pessimism are in Cowen (1992, 1994), which maintain that, without a government monopoly over the use of force, competing groups that can cooperate to resolve disputes also can collude to exercise coercion. Cowen and Sutter (1999) follows up with the more general claim that the very factors, such ...
An Asian Route to Capitalism: Religious Economy and the Origins of
... was threatened with confiscation or its equivalent through forced loans. Under most circumstances, the merchants did not revolutionize production within agrarian-coercive structures;their trade reinforced the existing pattern of coercive hierarchy and its preference for traditional social and econom ...
... was threatened with confiscation or its equivalent through forced loans. Under most circumstances, the merchants did not revolutionize production within agrarian-coercive structures;their trade reinforced the existing pattern of coercive hierarchy and its preference for traditional social and econom ...
U.S.-Latin American Relations
... The concept of national security policy has evolved throughout history and varied from administration to administration. It has always served as an influential framework for United States foreign policy. As the nation grew in size, wealth, and power, and as its domestic institutions became more secu ...
... The concept of national security policy has evolved throughout history and varied from administration to administration. It has always served as an influential framework for United States foreign policy. As the nation grew in size, wealth, and power, and as its domestic institutions became more secu ...
The Genius of Mises and the Brilliance of Kirzner
... Mises’ critique of socialism was greeted with resistance by such figures as Karl Polanyi, Fred Taylor, Oskar Lange, and Abba Lerner. The theoretical discussion among professional economists took place within the historical context of the 1920s and especially 1930s, when western capitalist economies ...
... Mises’ critique of socialism was greeted with resistance by such figures as Karl Polanyi, Fred Taylor, Oskar Lange, and Abba Lerner. The theoretical discussion among professional economists took place within the historical context of the 1920s and especially 1930s, when western capitalist economies ...
Chapter 2 - Productivity Commission
... environment, but in the interests of space they will not be considered. While both partial-equilibrium and general-equilibrium models can be used, for the most part the key messages about the cause of market failure, the required correction for economic efficiency, and the nature of alternative corr ...
... environment, but in the interests of space they will not be considered. While both partial-equilibrium and general-equilibrium models can be used, for the most part the key messages about the cause of market failure, the required correction for economic efficiency, and the nature of alternative corr ...
80007038I_en.pdf
... But the economic leaders of the advanced industrial countries did not want to take full responsibility for these failures; it was easier, politically far more palatable, if they focused on the failings within Latin America, and unfortunately, there were easy prey. There were inefficient and corrupt ...
... But the economic leaders of the advanced industrial countries did not want to take full responsibility for these failures; it was easier, politically far more palatable, if they focused on the failings within Latin America, and unfortunately, there were easy prey. There were inefficient and corrupt ...
Embedded liberalism
Embedded liberalism is a term for the global economic system and the associated international political orientation as it existed from the end of World War II to the 1970s. The system was set up to support a combination of free trade with the freedom for states to enhance their provision of welfare and to regulate their economies to reduce unemployment. The term was first used by the American political scientist John Ruggie in 1982.Mainstream scholars generally describe embedded liberalism as involving a compromise between two desirable but partially conflicting objectives. The first objective was to revive free trade. Before World War I, international trade formed a large portion of global GDP, but the classical liberal order which supported it had been damaged by war and by the Great Depression of the 1930s. The second objective was to allow national governments the freedom to provide generous welfare programmes and to intervene in their economies to maintain full employment. This second objective was considered to be incompatible with a full return to the free market system as it had existed in the late 19th century—mainly because with a free market in international capital, investors could easily withdraw money from nations that tried to implement interventionist and redistributive policies.The resulting compromise was embodied in the Bretton Woods system, which was launched at the end of World War II. The system was liberal in that it aimed to set up an open system of international trade in goods and services, facilitated by semi fixed exchange rates. Yet it also aimed to ""embed"" market forces into a framework where they could be regulated by national governments, with states able to control international capital flows by means of capital controls. New global multilateral institutions were created to support the new framework, such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.When Ruggie coined the phrase embedded liberalism, he was building on earlier work by Karl Polanyi, who had introduced the concept of markets becoming ""dis-embedded"" from society during the 19th century. Polanyi went on to propose that the ""re-embedding"" of markets would be a central task for the architects of the post war world order, and this was largely enacted as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference. In the 1950s and 1960s, the global economy prospered under embedded liberalism, with growth more rapid than before or since. Yet the system was to break down in the 1970s.