Capitalism Vs. Capitalism
... weapon: tax cuts for the rich. If, they reasoned, the wealthy capitalists paid fewer taxes, the economy could grow faster and everyone would benefit. In 1981, when Reagan entered the White House, the federal income tax on top earnings was 75 per cent; by the time of his departure in 1989, the top ra ...
... weapon: tax cuts for the rich. If, they reasoned, the wealthy capitalists paid fewer taxes, the economy could grow faster and everyone would benefit. In 1981, when Reagan entered the White House, the federal income tax on top earnings was 75 per cent; by the time of his departure in 1989, the top ra ...
Economic Sociology in Italy - Economic Sociology_The European
... the question not simply by stating the importance of moral resources but by asking for the preconditions within the social context of action which allow actors to expect that their cooperative move will not be exploited. I would position my own work under this heading as well. In an article from 199 ...
... the question not simply by stating the importance of moral resources but by asking for the preconditions within the social context of action which allow actors to expect that their cooperative move will not be exploited. I would position my own work under this heading as well. In an article from 199 ...
Globalisation and Social Risk Management in Europe
... It was during this period that the key component of what we view today as globalisation came into being – the existence of financial flows seemingly autonomous of state power, circling the globe in search of profits. In the 1980s, this tendency was strongly reinforced by the implementation of techno ...
... It was during this period that the key component of what we view today as globalisation came into being – the existence of financial flows seemingly autonomous of state power, circling the globe in search of profits. In the 1980s, this tendency was strongly reinforced by the implementation of techno ...
Barry John A Green Political Economy of Capitalism
... movement” of social forces rising to resist and protect society and social relations from the unfettered free market (Polanyi, 1947). A large part of this was forcibly compelling people to produce more goods, more wealth, despite norms of pre-industrial, peasant culture being oriented towards produc ...
... movement” of social forces rising to resist and protect society and social relations from the unfettered free market (Polanyi, 1947). A large part of this was forcibly compelling people to produce more goods, more wealth, despite norms of pre-industrial, peasant culture being oriented towards produc ...
Fixed-Ratio Production Technology
... Our research shows that at the early stage of economic development, in order to prompt the resources transferred from low efficient sectors to high efficient sectors, it is necessary for government to take part in some transactions which may be to some extend unfair. Meanwhile, It is not only market ...
... Our research shows that at the early stage of economic development, in order to prompt the resources transferred from low efficient sectors to high efficient sectors, it is necessary for government to take part in some transactions which may be to some extend unfair. Meanwhile, It is not only market ...
WAKAO-MASTERS-REPORT - The University of Texas at Austin
... of the public, how the media treat the national economy politically is also an important matter. Government agencies report periodic economic indicators, such as the unemployment rate, inflation rate, and GDP, which the public uses for political evaluations (e.g., Vavreck, 2009). Meanwhile, the med ...
... of the public, how the media treat the national economy politically is also an important matter. Government agencies report periodic economic indicators, such as the unemployment rate, inflation rate, and GDP, which the public uses for political evaluations (e.g., Vavreck, 2009). Meanwhile, the med ...
toward a transnational world information order: the canada
... Moreover, Article 103.binds the Parties "to ensure that all necessary measures (defined as "any law, regulation, procedure, requirement or practice") are taken in order to give effect to its provisions, including their observance, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, by state, provincial ...
... Moreover, Article 103.binds the Parties "to ensure that all necessary measures (defined as "any law, regulation, procedure, requirement or practice") are taken in order to give effect to its provisions, including their observance, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, by state, provincial ...
Modernization and Value System (The Western
... aiming to avoid the troubles and conflicts caused by a fictive liberal world economy. In the Western thinking modernization is a complex historical phenomenon: it means industrialization and the emergence of the liberal capitalist world system, and the ideology of Westernisation. Western modernizat ...
... aiming to avoid the troubles and conflicts caused by a fictive liberal world economy. In the Western thinking modernization is a complex historical phenomenon: it means industrialization and the emergence of the liberal capitalist world system, and the ideology of Westernisation. Western modernizat ...
UNITARISM, PLURALISM, RADICALISM... AND THE REST ?
... anglo‐saxon modes of analysis are not dominant. Kaufman traces this absence to a divergence in discursive convention in the 19th century (2004, p.32‐35). Whereas in France and Germany, industrial unrest and the relationship between workers and employers was typically thought to be inseparable fro ...
... anglo‐saxon modes of analysis are not dominant. Kaufman traces this absence to a divergence in discursive convention in the 19th century (2004, p.32‐35). Whereas in France and Germany, industrial unrest and the relationship between workers and employers was typically thought to be inseparable fro ...
![[1] Prof Nawab H. Naqvi-Edited - Pakistan Institute of Development](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007821892_1-3acefbfcb96cbdf207ad30ad83240ba1-300x300.png)
[1] Prof Nawab H. Naqvi-Edited - Pakistan Institute of Development
... search for inclusive growth began in the 18th century, the process is by no means complete. Indeed, at the policy-making level, it started taking shape after World War II. In the developing countries, the search began in 1950 but has been taking shape much more quickly in the fast-developing countri ...
... search for inclusive growth began in the 18th century, the process is by no means complete. Indeed, at the policy-making level, it started taking shape after World War II. In the developing countries, the search began in 1950 but has been taking shape much more quickly in the fast-developing countri ...
Digitalisation: An engine for structural change
... or a data-based business model can create added value. These include, for example, apps and online shops, as well as predictive maintenance. These four categories mentioned above have existed for some time already. Highlyautomated, robot-based factories or permanently sensor-controlled and -tracked ...
... or a data-based business model can create added value. These include, for example, apps and online shops, as well as predictive maintenance. These four categories mentioned above have existed for some time already. Highlyautomated, robot-based factories or permanently sensor-controlled and -tracked ...
Cap Good – Food
... domestic agenda . No surprise, then, that Obama has backpedaled on his campaign pledge to make comprehensive immigration legislation a priority during his first year in office. Obama won the presidency with 67 percent of the Latino vote, and he has tried to reassure Hispanic and immigrant groups tha ...
... domestic agenda . No surprise, then, that Obama has backpedaled on his campaign pledge to make comprehensive immigration legislation a priority during his first year in office. Obama won the presidency with 67 percent of the Latino vote, and he has tried to reassure Hispanic and immigrant groups tha ...
Theories of the welfare state: a critique
... Theories of the Welfare State / 31 k t me illustrate this in terms of the family. Modern industrial society requires a high degree of personal mobility, for which the nuclear family is best suited: “the factory system creates a family system that best fits its needs” (10, p. 81). But in doing so, n ...
... Theories of the Welfare State / 31 k t me illustrate this in terms of the family. Modern industrial society requires a high degree of personal mobility, for which the nuclear family is best suited: “the factory system creates a family system that best fits its needs” (10, p. 81). But in doing so, n ...
The Ledger In Someone Else’s Shoes Varied Perspectives on the Global Economy
... Economics/ (As a bonus feature, you get to see all those cool British spellings like “specialising” and “labour.”) [Outsourcing is] Shifting activities that used to be done inside a firm to an outside company, which can do them more cost-effectively. Big firms have outsourced a growing amount of the ...
... Economics/ (As a bonus feature, you get to see all those cool British spellings like “specialising” and “labour.”) [Outsourcing is] Shifting activities that used to be done inside a firm to an outside company, which can do them more cost-effectively. Big firms have outsourced a growing amount of the ...
Habitus, Field , and Capital. Elements for a
... Let’s start with a statement: in the political field there is not only one resource by means of which individuals compete to access positions either by election or by nomination. In the event of existing only a single type of resource, this would mean that the struggle in the political field is won ...
... Let’s start with a statement: in the political field there is not only one resource by means of which individuals compete to access positions either by election or by nomination. In the event of existing only a single type of resource, this would mean that the struggle in the political field is won ...
When Sports Help Economies Score
... This awareness and exposition of overlap and interplay between the two major disciplines of economics made Acemoglu a singular hybrid who untidily disturbed a previously settled demarcation. “A lot of what I do is political economy theory, and much of that is essentially application of game theory, ...
... This awareness and exposition of overlap and interplay between the two major disciplines of economics made Acemoglu a singular hybrid who untidily disturbed a previously settled demarcation. “A lot of what I do is political economy theory, and much of that is essentially application of game theory, ...
Here - South African Communist Party
... hospitality services. This, too, has impacted on the relative bargaining strength of the South African labour movement. Mirroring, with their own local characteristics, global trends, these are some of the factors that have weakened the power of the South African labour movement in the face of activ ...
... hospitality services. This, too, has impacted on the relative bargaining strength of the South African labour movement. Mirroring, with their own local characteristics, global trends, these are some of the factors that have weakened the power of the South African labour movement in the face of activ ...
Institutional constraints and economic development
... for rapid economic growth: Argentina, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia are developing successfully with lower monetization rates than Russia, whereas Taiwan has mediocre growth rates despite its record-breaking monetization rate. In reality, it is not low monetization but insufficient capital for investmen ...
... for rapid economic growth: Argentina, Kazakhstan, and Indonesia are developing successfully with lower monetization rates than Russia, whereas Taiwan has mediocre growth rates despite its record-breaking monetization rate. In reality, it is not low monetization but insufficient capital for investmen ...
economic transition in china and russia
... China has increased its economic standing in the global world exponentially since beginning its market reform in the late 1970s. In contrast, Russia’s economy has seemingly declined since its transition to a capitalism in the early of 1990s. Therefore, it is widely acknowledged that China has been v ...
... China has increased its economic standing in the global world exponentially since beginning its market reform in the late 1970s. In contrast, Russia’s economy has seemingly declined since its transition to a capitalism in the early of 1990s. Therefore, it is widely acknowledged that China has been v ...
ancient and medieval economic thought and institutions
... hand, each family was patriarchal and success-driven, which led to the development of the individual male citizen as a fundamental decision maker. These two contrasting forms of individualism, "macro" and "micro" as it were, contributed to the formal emphasis in Greek society on private household ma ...
... hand, each family was patriarchal and success-driven, which led to the development of the individual male citizen as a fundamental decision maker. These two contrasting forms of individualism, "macro" and "micro" as it were, contributed to the formal emphasis in Greek society on private household ma ...
Explaining the puzzle of high policy uncertainty and low market
... We argue that the contradictory nature of the political signals in 2017 has reduced their informativeness. Political news is noisier than it used to be. Investors are becoming skeptical that politicians’ pronouncements have much to do with their future policy actions. Markets continue listening to p ...
... We argue that the contradictory nature of the political signals in 2017 has reduced their informativeness. Political news is noisier than it used to be. Investors are becoming skeptical that politicians’ pronouncements have much to do with their future policy actions. Markets continue listening to p ...
The Trade Front Combating Terrorism with Open Markets Executive Summary by Brink Lindsey
... and general economic requirements, countries must cooperate with the United States on foreign policy and national security matters. USTR officials have stated that the United States will not seek an FTA with New Zealand because of its refusal to allow nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed vessels in its ...
... and general economic requirements, countries must cooperate with the United States on foreign policy and national security matters. USTR officials have stated that the United States will not seek an FTA with New Zealand because of its refusal to allow nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed vessels in its ...
The Third Face of Social Capital
... Citizens in a democracy must be able to hold their governments accountable. Individually it is a tall task for citizens, who do not normally pay close attention to politics, to gather accurate information about existing social conditions and policy programs and make political judgments in accord wi ...
... Citizens in a democracy must be able to hold their governments accountable. Individually it is a tall task for citizens, who do not normally pay close attention to politics, to gather accurate information about existing social conditions and policy programs and make political judgments in accord wi ...
Understanding the Political Economy of Enforced Dependency in
... economic growth requisite for the functioning of the capitalist order. I then explore how the growth requirement built into the global economy itself contributes to enforcing dependency. This brief exposition on economic growth is followed by a discussion of technological advancement and concomitant ...
... economic growth requisite for the functioning of the capitalist order. I then explore how the growth requirement built into the global economy itself contributes to enforcing dependency. This brief exposition on economic growth is followed by a discussion of technological advancement and concomitant ...
What Is Democracy? Liberal Institutions and Stability in Changing
... set Britain on the most consistent and contiguous path toward democracy. How, then, did the newly evolving system keep stable order in Britain during a period that brought turmoil elsewhere? Exploring the historical roots of democracy underlines the difficulty of establishing it without an organic g ...
... set Britain on the most consistent and contiguous path toward democracy. How, then, did the newly evolving system keep stable order in Britain during a period that brought turmoil elsewhere? Exploring the historical roots of democracy underlines the difficulty of establishing it without an organic g ...
Embedded liberalism
Embedded liberalism is a term for the global economic system and the associated international political orientation as it existed from the end of World War II to the 1970s. The system was set up to support a combination of free trade with the freedom for states to enhance their provision of welfare and to regulate their economies to reduce unemployment. The term was first used by the American political scientist John Ruggie in 1982.Mainstream scholars generally describe embedded liberalism as involving a compromise between two desirable but partially conflicting objectives. The first objective was to revive free trade. Before World War I, international trade formed a large portion of global GDP, but the classical liberal order which supported it had been damaged by war and by the Great Depression of the 1930s. The second objective was to allow national governments the freedom to provide generous welfare programmes and to intervene in their economies to maintain full employment. This second objective was considered to be incompatible with a full return to the free market system as it had existed in the late 19th century—mainly because with a free market in international capital, investors could easily withdraw money from nations that tried to implement interventionist and redistributive policies.The resulting compromise was embodied in the Bretton Woods system, which was launched at the end of World War II. The system was liberal in that it aimed to set up an open system of international trade in goods and services, facilitated by semi fixed exchange rates. Yet it also aimed to ""embed"" market forces into a framework where they could be regulated by national governments, with states able to control international capital flows by means of capital controls. New global multilateral institutions were created to support the new framework, such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.When Ruggie coined the phrase embedded liberalism, he was building on earlier work by Karl Polanyi, who had introduced the concept of markets becoming ""dis-embedded"" from society during the 19th century. Polanyi went on to propose that the ""re-embedding"" of markets would be a central task for the architects of the post war world order, and this was largely enacted as a result of the Bretton Woods Conference. In the 1950s and 1960s, the global economy prospered under embedded liberalism, with growth more rapid than before or since. Yet the system was to break down in the 1970s.