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15. Thermodynamics
15. Thermodynamics

... 11. Two identical containers A and B with frictionless pistons contain the same ideal gas at the same temperature and same volume V. The mass of the gas in A is mA and that in B is mB . The gas in each cylinder is now allowed to expand isothermally to the final volume2V. The changes in the pressure ...
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Entropy and the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
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... superconductor YBa2Cu3O7.Yttrium (Y) has an oxidation number of +3. (Cu does not have oxidation numbers greater than +3.) Give only integer oxidation numbers. Answer: The oxidation numbers for Y, Ba, and O are +3, +2, and −2, respectively. Therefore, the sum of the oxidation numbers for the three Cu ...
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Chemical thermodynamics



Chemical thermodynamics is the study of the interrelation of heat and work with chemical reactions or with physical changes of state within the confines of the laws of thermodynamics. Chemical thermodynamics involves not only laboratory measurements of various thermodynamic properties, but also the application of mathematical methods to the study of chemical questions and the spontaneity of processes.The structure of chemical thermodynamics is based on the first two laws of thermodynamics. Starting from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, four equations called the ""fundamental equations of Gibbs"" can be derived. From these four, a multitude of equations, relating the thermodynamic properties of the thermodynamic system can be derived using relatively simple mathematics. This outlines the mathematical framework of chemical thermodynamics.
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