UNITS OF CONCENTRATION
... UNITS OF CONCENTRATION There are a number of different ways of expressing solute concentration that are commonly used. Some of these are listed below. Molarity, M = moles solute/liter of solution Normality, N = equivalents of solute/liter of solution Weight %, Wt % = mass ratio x 100% = mass of solu ...
... UNITS OF CONCENTRATION There are a number of different ways of expressing solute concentration that are commonly used. Some of these are listed below. Molarity, M = moles solute/liter of solution Normality, N = equivalents of solute/liter of solution Weight %, Wt % = mass ratio x 100% = mass of solu ...
SUP1111 11 - The Open University
... increases. Conversely, reduction occurs when the proportion of oxygen decreases. The term oxidation is also used more generally to include any reaction in which an atom loses electrons. Conversely, reduction involves a gain of electrons. For example, on going from left to right in Reaction 7, a magn ...
... increases. Conversely, reduction occurs when the proportion of oxygen decreases. The term oxidation is also used more generally to include any reaction in which an atom loses electrons. Conversely, reduction involves a gain of electrons. For example, on going from left to right in Reaction 7, a magn ...
Question paper - Edexcel
... hydrogencarbonate as shown in the equation below. C6H8O7(s) + 3NaHCO3(s) o Na3C6H5O7(s) + 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) Use the structural formula of citric acid to explain why one mole of citric acid neutralizes three moles of sodium hydrogencarbonate. ...
... hydrogencarbonate as shown in the equation below. C6H8O7(s) + 3NaHCO3(s) o Na3C6H5O7(s) + 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) Use the structural formula of citric acid to explain why one mole of citric acid neutralizes three moles of sodium hydrogencarbonate. ...
Heterogeneous Electron-Transfer Kinetics for
... -(d ln [ket])/dl) for the distance dependencies of these reactions determined. A number of studies from our laboratories (investigating both ferrocene16-22 and pentaaminepyridine ruthenium23-28 redox couples attached to the bridge through a variety of functional groups) have determined that β ≈ 1.0 ...
... -(d ln [ket])/dl) for the distance dependencies of these reactions determined. A number of studies from our laboratories (investigating both ferrocene16-22 and pentaaminepyridine ruthenium23-28 redox couples attached to the bridge through a variety of functional groups) have determined that β ≈ 1.0 ...
2013 - NESACS
... A student wanted to find out how much stomach acid would be neutralized by one TUMS antacid tablet whose active ingredient is CaCO3 (100.8 g/mole). After weighing the tablets in one bottle, the student found that the average mass of TUMS tablet was 1.31 grams. Several TUMS antacid tablets were groun ...
... A student wanted to find out how much stomach acid would be neutralized by one TUMS antacid tablet whose active ingredient is CaCO3 (100.8 g/mole). After weighing the tablets in one bottle, the student found that the average mass of TUMS tablet was 1.31 grams. Several TUMS antacid tablets were groun ...
How do we predict chemical change?
... Molecular compounds with stronger covalent bonds tend to be more thermodynamically stable than substances with weaker bonds because more energy is needed to induce atomic rearrangements. In general, chemical bonds involving atoms of the same type (A–A bonds) are weaker than bonds between atoms of di ...
... Molecular compounds with stronger covalent bonds tend to be more thermodynamically stable than substances with weaker bonds because more energy is needed to induce atomic rearrangements. In general, chemical bonds involving atoms of the same type (A–A bonds) are weaker than bonds between atoms of di ...
Fundamentals of Chemistry
... General Physics Corporation, Fundamentals of Chemistry, General Physics Corporation, ...
... General Physics Corporation, Fundamentals of Chemistry, General Physics Corporation, ...
Study Guide KEY Exam III F 2012
... Primary (1o) structure of proteins is the amino acid sequence. It is maintained by covalent bonds called peptide bonds. Secondary (2o) structure is a regular repeating structure due to folding of the polypeptide chain. The main types are alpha-helix and beta sheet (either parallel or anti-parallel). ...
... Primary (1o) structure of proteins is the amino acid sequence. It is maintained by covalent bonds called peptide bonds. Secondary (2o) structure is a regular repeating structure due to folding of the polypeptide chain. The main types are alpha-helix and beta sheet (either parallel or anti-parallel). ...
Isopropanol oxidation by pure metal oxide
... sites. CO2 only adsorbs on basic OH groups on the surface and NH3 only adsorbs on Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. Furthermore, the above methods are unable to distinguish between surface acidic and redox sites. The adsorption and reaction of alcohols on metal oxide catalysts has been used as a chemic ...
... sites. CO2 only adsorbs on basic OH groups on the surface and NH3 only adsorbs on Lewis and Bronsted acid sites. Furthermore, the above methods are unable to distinguish between surface acidic and redox sites. The adsorption and reaction of alcohols on metal oxide catalysts has been used as a chemic ...
The Complete Notes - Joliet Junior College
... Physical and Chemical Properties – what’s the difference? Analogy: We all posses ‘as is’ physical properties, or characteristics, that define us. For example, Dr. Mills is 5’11” and has green eyes. As with people, each chemical also possesses a unique set of ‘as is’ physical properties that define ...
... Physical and Chemical Properties – what’s the difference? Analogy: We all posses ‘as is’ physical properties, or characteristics, that define us. For example, Dr. Mills is 5’11” and has green eyes. As with people, each chemical also possesses a unique set of ‘as is’ physical properties that define ...
Slide 1
... Given its high Ea, the reaction is normally done at high T (~500 oC) and P (~200 atm). Discuss how the increased T will affect the: ...
... Given its high Ea, the reaction is normally done at high T (~500 oC) and P (~200 atm). Discuss how the increased T will affect the: ...
Part II
... Stable Molecules versus “Free Radicals” Free radicals – have unpaired electron(s). Atmospheric lifetimes seconds, minutes. e.g., •O-H radical, missing one bond (H), wants to steal one from somewhere. Similar story for •CH3 radical, missing one bond. Or the HO2 radical, H-O-O• These free radicals are ...
... Stable Molecules versus “Free Radicals” Free radicals – have unpaired electron(s). Atmospheric lifetimes seconds, minutes. e.g., •O-H radical, missing one bond (H), wants to steal one from somewhere. Similar story for •CH3 radical, missing one bond. Or the HO2 radical, H-O-O• These free radicals are ...
Reaction of niobium with water
... Almost all hafnium metal now produced is made by reducing the tetrachloride with magnesium or with sodium (Kroll Process). Hafnium is resistant to concentrated bases, but at elevated temperatures reacts with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon , boron , sulfur , and silicon . Halogens react to form tetrahalide ...
... Almost all hafnium metal now produced is made by reducing the tetrachloride with magnesium or with sodium (Kroll Process). Hafnium is resistant to concentrated bases, but at elevated temperatures reacts with oxygen, nitrogen, carbon , boron , sulfur , and silicon . Halogens react to form tetrahalide ...
Part 2. The Quantum Particle in a Box
... Next, if we were to add electrons to an otherwise „empty‟ material, and then left the electrons alone, they would ultimately occupy their equilibrium distribution. As you might imagine, at equilibrium, the lowest energy states are filled first, and then the next lowest, and so on. At T = 0K, state f ...
... Next, if we were to add electrons to an otherwise „empty‟ material, and then left the electrons alone, they would ultimately occupy their equilibrium distribution. As you might imagine, at equilibrium, the lowest energy states are filled first, and then the next lowest, and so on. At T = 0K, state f ...
- TestbankU
... 36) Van der Waals interactions may result when _____. A) electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule B) molecules held by ionic bonds react with water C) two polar covalent bonds react D) a hydrogen atom loses an electron Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 2.3 ...
... 36) Van der Waals interactions may result when _____. A) electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule B) molecules held by ionic bonds react with water C) two polar covalent bonds react D) a hydrogen atom loses an electron Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: 2.3 ...
Methane Activation by Transition-Metal Oxides, MOx
... benzene in the absence of gas-phase oxygen.1-19 MoO3/HZSM-5 is generally believed to be the best catalyst for DHAM and has been widely studied. While pure MoO3 leads to no formation of benzene and HZSM-5 has very limited activity toward methane activation, the combined system MoO3/HZSM-5 yields conv ...
... benzene in the absence of gas-phase oxygen.1-19 MoO3/HZSM-5 is generally believed to be the best catalyst for DHAM and has been widely studied. While pure MoO3 leads to no formation of benzene and HZSM-5 has very limited activity toward methane activation, the combined system MoO3/HZSM-5 yields conv ...
MidtermReview2012
... Solve problems – Start working on practice problems from this packet to help you practice the think skills required to accurately answer questions. If you need more practice problems for an objective, start by reviewing your old tests! Ask for more! Why Study Like This? This packet will guide you to ...
... Solve problems – Start working on practice problems from this packet to help you practice the think skills required to accurately answer questions. If you need more practice problems for an objective, start by reviewing your old tests! Ask for more! Why Study Like This? This packet will guide you to ...
Lecture 14
... A compound is 24.27% C, 4.07% H, and 71.65% Cl. The molar mass is known to be 99.0 g. What are the empirical and molecular formulas? ...
... A compound is 24.27% C, 4.07% H, and 71.65% Cl. The molar mass is known to be 99.0 g. What are the empirical and molecular formulas? ...
Question paper - Unit A173/02 - Module C7 - Higher tier
... Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if necessary but you m ...
... Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be used if necessary but you m ...
Review Unit 5
... 11) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the ion Mg+2 Atomic number = Protons = 12, Atomic Mass = 24; Neutrons = 12; Electrons must be 2 less than the protons. Electrons = 10 ...
... 11) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons in the ion Mg+2 Atomic number = Protons = 12, Atomic Mass = 24; Neutrons = 12; Electrons must be 2 less than the protons. Electrons = 10 ...
chemical equilibrium
... The one goes completion. Explosions, burning processes, decay of leaves, etc. ...
... The one goes completion. Explosions, burning processes, decay of leaves, etc. ...
chapter 8 - Denton ISD
... Translated into a sentence, this equation reads, “When heated, solid mercury(II) oxide yields liquid mercury and gaseous oxygen.” It is also possible to write a chemical equation from a sentence describing a reaction. Consider the sentence, “Under pressure and in the presence of a platinum catalyst, ...
... Translated into a sentence, this equation reads, “When heated, solid mercury(II) oxide yields liquid mercury and gaseous oxygen.” It is also possible to write a chemical equation from a sentence describing a reaction. Consider the sentence, “Under pressure and in the presence of a platinum catalyst, ...
chapter 8
... Translated into a sentence, this equation reads, “When heated, solid mercury(II) oxide yields liquid mercury and gaseous oxygen.” It is also possible to write a chemical equation from a sentence describing a reaction. Consider the sentence, “Under pressure and in the presence of a platinum catalyst, ...
... Translated into a sentence, this equation reads, “When heated, solid mercury(II) oxide yields liquid mercury and gaseous oxygen.” It is also possible to write a chemical equation from a sentence describing a reaction. Consider the sentence, “Under pressure and in the presence of a platinum catalyst, ...
CHEMISTRY – Summer Assignment Solutions 2013
... 10.9 {mult. Yields 3.3 (2 sf’s, 1 dec. pl.) then add 10.6 (1 dec. pl.)} ...
... 10.9 {mult. Yields 3.3 (2 sf’s, 1 dec. pl.) then add 10.6 (1 dec. pl.)} ...
Redox
Redox reactions include all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed; in general, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between species. The term ""redox"" comes from two concepts involved with electron transfer: reduction and oxidation. It can be explained in simple terms: Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. Reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.Although oxidation reactions are commonly associated with the formation of oxides from oxygen molecules, these are only specific examples of a more general concept of reactions involving electron transfer.Redox reactions, or oxidation-reduction reactions, have a number of similarities to acid–base reactions. Like acid–base reactions, redox reactions are a matched set, that is, there cannot be an oxidation reaction without a reduction reaction happening simultaneously. The oxidation alone and the reduction alone are each called a half-reaction, because two half-reactions always occur together to form a whole reaction. When writing half-reactions, the gained or lost electrons are typically included explicitly in order that the half-reaction be balanced with respect to electric charge.Though sufficient for many purposes, these descriptions are not precisely correct. Oxidation and reduction properly refer to a change in oxidation state — the actual transfer of electrons may never occur. The oxidation state of an atom is the fictitious charge that an atom would have if all bonds between atoms of different elements were 100% ionic. Thus, oxidation is better defined as an increase in oxidation state, and reduction as a decrease in oxidation state. In practice, the transfer of electrons will always cause a change in oxidation state, but there are many reactions that are classed as ""redox"" even though no electron transfer occurs (such as those involving covalent bonds).There are simple redox processes, such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide (CO2) or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane (CH4), and more complex processes such as the oxidation of glucose (C6H12O6) in the human body through a series of complex electron transfer processes.