AP Chemistry Notes and Worksheets 2014
... o Ex. OH for water with O having a mass of 8 and H having a mass of 1 Avogadro's Hypothesis- Gay Lussac and Avogadro studied the volumes of combining gases. This allowed them to determine correct formulas. At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain the same numb ...
... o Ex. OH for water with O having a mass of 8 and H having a mass of 1 Avogadro's Hypothesis- Gay Lussac and Avogadro studied the volumes of combining gases. This allowed them to determine correct formulas. At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain the same numb ...
3/23/2014 1 8 Chemical Equations Chapter Outline Chemical
... Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
BTEC National in Applied Science Unit 01 Sample redacted web
... For example, the bonding in sodium chloride is ionic. This means that the sodium atom loses the electron in its outer shell to become the positively charged sodium ion, Na+, with the same electron configuration as neon. Chlorine gains an electron to become the negatively charged chloride ion, Cl−, w ...
... For example, the bonding in sodium chloride is ionic. This means that the sodium atom loses the electron in its outer shell to become the positively charged sodium ion, Na+, with the same electron configuration as neon. Chlorine gains an electron to become the negatively charged chloride ion, Cl−, w ...
N Goalby chemrevise.org 1 2.5 Transition Metals Substitution
... The acid is needed to supply the 8H+ ions. Some acids are not suitable as they set up alternative redox reactions and hence make the titration readings inaccurate. Only use dilute sulphuric acid for manganate titrations. Insufficient volumes of sulphuric acid will mean the solution is not acidic eno ...
... The acid is needed to supply the 8H+ ions. Some acids are not suitable as they set up alternative redox reactions and hence make the titration readings inaccurate. Only use dilute sulphuric acid for manganate titrations. Insufficient volumes of sulphuric acid will mean the solution is not acidic eno ...
Chemistry-Unit-2-Battery-Technology-Cells-and-Battery
... careful choice of the composition of the lead alloys used i.e. by using a Pb-Ca (0.1 % ) as the anode which inhibits the electrolysis of water ...
... careful choice of the composition of the lead alloys used i.e. by using a Pb-Ca (0.1 % ) as the anode which inhibits the electrolysis of water ...
Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical
... What is a catalyst? • A substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed by the reaction. – ex.. enzymes-biological catalysis protein catalysts ...
... What is a catalyst? • A substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed by the reaction. – ex.. enzymes-biological catalysis protein catalysts ...
Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation
... revealed a CMC of 7.8 mM SDS at the inflexion midpoint, and approximates the literature value for the at 25°C (8.2 mM [6]). The enthalpy change of demicellization is -4.52 kJ/mol To determine the degree with which different surfactants exhibit variable thermodynamic profiles, we performed a titratio ...
... revealed a CMC of 7.8 mM SDS at the inflexion midpoint, and approximates the literature value for the at 25°C (8.2 mM [6]). The enthalpy change of demicellization is -4.52 kJ/mol To determine the degree with which different surfactants exhibit variable thermodynamic profiles, we performed a titratio ...
Lab #3 – A Microscale Study of Chemical Changes
... We tend to think of ourselves as good observers. Yet there is much more to observation than meets the eye. It takes concentration, alertness to detail, ingenuity and patience. It also takes practice. Try it yourself. See how complete a description you can write about a familiar object – a burning ca ...
... We tend to think of ourselves as good observers. Yet there is much more to observation than meets the eye. It takes concentration, alertness to detail, ingenuity and patience. It also takes practice. Try it yourself. See how complete a description you can write about a familiar object – a burning ca ...
Answer Key - mrkelleher
... can be established. If Y replaces X but not Z, the series is Z > Y > X. If Y replaces Z but not X, the series is X > Y > Z. If Y reacts with neither solution, Y is at the bottom of the series. Next, put one chip of X into ZCl2(aq). If it reacts, the series is X > Z > Y. If it does not react, the ser ...
... can be established. If Y replaces X but not Z, the series is Z > Y > X. If Y replaces Z but not X, the series is X > Y > Z. If Y reacts with neither solution, Y is at the bottom of the series. Next, put one chip of X into ZCl2(aq). If it reacts, the series is X > Z > Y. If it does not react, the ser ...
Chapter 9 – Reaction Energetics
... and 1 atm pressure. Unless indicated differently, assume that solids and liquids are pure. Gases are considered pure substances even when there is a mixture of gases because the molecules are far apart and do not interact. Thus, the standard state of a gas is a partial pressure of 1 atm. The standar ...
... and 1 atm pressure. Unless indicated differently, assume that solids and liquids are pure. Gases are considered pure substances even when there is a mixture of gases because the molecules are far apart and do not interact. Thus, the standard state of a gas is a partial pressure of 1 atm. The standar ...
12 - einstein classes
... is broken into small lumps and put into the ammonia convertor, where the Fe3O4 is reduced to give small crystals of iron in a refractory matrix. This is the active catalyst. The actual plant is more complicated than this one-stage reaction implies, since the N2 and H2 must be made before they can be ...
... is broken into small lumps and put into the ammonia convertor, where the Fe3O4 is reduced to give small crystals of iron in a refractory matrix. This is the active catalyst. The actual plant is more complicated than this one-stage reaction implies, since the N2 and H2 must be made before they can be ...
Basic Agricultural Chemistry - Macmillan Education South Africa
... (such as helium) consist of molecules of single atoms (He). An atom of hydrogen is H, while a molecule of hydrogen is H2. An atom of helium is He and it is also a molecule of helium. ...
... (such as helium) consist of molecules of single atoms (He). An atom of hydrogen is H, while a molecule of hydrogen is H2. An atom of helium is He and it is also a molecule of helium. ...
ExamView - 1999 AP Chemistry Exam.tst
... Titration of the solution with standard acid Measurement of the pH with a pH meter Determination of the boiling point of the solution Measurement of the total volume of the solution Measurement of the specific heat of the solution ...
... Titration of the solution with standard acid Measurement of the pH with a pH meter Determination of the boiling point of the solution Measurement of the total volume of the solution Measurement of the specific heat of the solution ...
Fundamentals
... Another unit that is sometimes used is the Ångstrom (Å) 1 Å = 10-10 m. The length of a chemical bond is on the order of 1 Å. ...
... Another unit that is sometimes used is the Ångstrom (Å) 1 Å = 10-10 m. The length of a chemical bond is on the order of 1 Å. ...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
... browning of fruit, and photosynthesis. In simpler terms, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one substance to another. In a redox reaction, electrons can never be “lost”; if one substance loses electrons, another substance must gain an equal number of electrons. Therefore, oxidati ...
... browning of fruit, and photosynthesis. In simpler terms, redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one substance to another. In a redox reaction, electrons can never be “lost”; if one substance loses electrons, another substance must gain an equal number of electrons. Therefore, oxidati ...
Exam 2 Key
... 3. The terms strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte are used in multiple contexts. Discuss how these terms are used in each of the contexts below. Use a maximum of three sentences per context. (8 points) a. When describing a compound: When describing a compound, the term electrolyte refers to the c ...
... 3. The terms strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte are used in multiple contexts. Discuss how these terms are used in each of the contexts below. Use a maximum of three sentences per context. (8 points) a. When describing a compound: When describing a compound, the term electrolyte refers to the c ...
In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that
... Salts of strong acids and strong bases ("strong salts") are non-volatile and odorless, whereas salts of either weak acids or weak bases ("weak salts") may smell after the conjugate acid (e.g., acetates like acetic acid (vinegar) and cyanides like hydrogen cyanide (almonds)) or the conjugate base (e. ...
... Salts of strong acids and strong bases ("strong salts") are non-volatile and odorless, whereas salts of either weak acids or weak bases ("weak salts") may smell after the conjugate acid (e.g., acetates like acetic acid (vinegar) and cyanides like hydrogen cyanide (almonds)) or the conjugate base (e. ...
Chapter 15 Acids and Bases
... does not explain why molecular substances, like NH3, dissolve in water to form basic solutions – even though they do not contain OH– ions does not explain how some ionic compounds, like Na2CO3 or Na2O, dissolve in water to form basic solutions – even though they do not contain OH– ions does no ...
... does not explain why molecular substances, like NH3, dissolve in water to form basic solutions – even though they do not contain OH– ions does not explain how some ionic compounds, like Na2CO3 or Na2O, dissolve in water to form basic solutions – even though they do not contain OH– ions does no ...
The Gibbs Function of a Chemical Reaction*
... The ice-water equilibrium is a type of phase equilibrium which is established when the molar Gibbs functions of the two phases are equal. At higher temperatures the Gibbs function of ice is higher than that of water and the spontaneous change from higher to lower Gibbs function is associated with th ...
... The ice-water equilibrium is a type of phase equilibrium which is established when the molar Gibbs functions of the two phases are equal. At higher temperatures the Gibbs function of ice is higher than that of water and the spontaneous change from higher to lower Gibbs function is associated with th ...
Electrolysis of water
Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen gas (H2) due to an electric current being passed through the water.This technique can be used to make hydrogen fuel (hydrogen gas) and breathable oxygen; though currently most industrial methods make hydrogen fuel from natural gas instead.