PDF - JMBE-Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering
... The adaptation process, a type of motor learning, plays an important role for the survival of different species. It can be found in almost every major physiological system, including the oculomotor system. From an engineering viewpoint, adaptive control is simply a modification of a system parameter ...
... The adaptation process, a type of motor learning, plays an important role for the survival of different species. It can be found in almost every major physiological system, including the oculomotor system. From an engineering viewpoint, adaptive control is simply a modification of a system parameter ...
Conserved role of dopamine in the modulation of behavior
... the way to the tail, suggesting that the full production of the behavior likely involves additional control systems as those proposed by other groups.32,59-61 These findings suggest a combinatorial system for behavior selection where synergies between different dopaminergic pathways interact with th ...
... the way to the tail, suggesting that the full production of the behavior likely involves additional control systems as those proposed by other groups.32,59-61 These findings suggest a combinatorial system for behavior selection where synergies between different dopaminergic pathways interact with th ...
Neonatal hypoglycemia and its effects on the
... Banker BQ. The neuropathological effects of anoxia and hypoglycemia in the newborn. Dev Med Child Neurol 1967, 9:544-550. ...
... Banker BQ. The neuropathological effects of anoxia and hypoglycemia in the newborn. Dev Med Child Neurol 1967, 9:544-550. ...
A Guide for People Living With PSP, CBD and Other
... PSP: Some Answers What is progressive supranuclear palsy? PSP is a brain disease in the category of “neurodegenerative” diseases. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Lou Gehrig diseases are in the same category – where brain cells cumulatively break down for unclear reasons. PSP affects cells that control ...
... PSP: Some Answers What is progressive supranuclear palsy? PSP is a brain disease in the category of “neurodegenerative” diseases. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Lou Gehrig diseases are in the same category – where brain cells cumulatively break down for unclear reasons. PSP affects cells that control ...
Sleep and REM Behaviour Disorder: Much More than Sleep Walking
... pons and stimulate higher midbrain and cortical structures leading to rapid eye movements. This internally generated information is thought to lead to the synthesis of dreams9. It was assumed that the same structures producing REM sleep also led to the generation of sensory information. Since neurot ...
... pons and stimulate higher midbrain and cortical structures leading to rapid eye movements. This internally generated information is thought to lead to the synthesis of dreams9. It was assumed that the same structures producing REM sleep also led to the generation of sensory information. Since neurot ...
Vertical Divergence and Counterroll Eye Movements Evoked by
... divergence associated with the static counterroll too is otolith-mediated. A previous study has shown that, in humans, there is also a vertical divergence during dynamic head roll, but this report was not conclusive on whether this response was mediated by the semicircular canals only or whether the ...
... divergence associated with the static counterroll too is otolith-mediated. A previous study has shown that, in humans, there is also a vertical divergence during dynamic head roll, but this report was not conclusive on whether this response was mediated by the semicircular canals only or whether the ...
Proceedings2010
... We are pleased to welcome you at the 2010 Ljubljana Symposium on Clinical Neurophysiology with the 26th Dr Janez Faganel Memorial Lecture, dedicated to Vision and Eye Movements. It may be of some interest to note that (electrophysiology of) vision is the symposium topic for the second time in the li ...
... We are pleased to welcome you at the 2010 Ljubljana Symposium on Clinical Neurophysiology with the 26th Dr Janez Faganel Memorial Lecture, dedicated to Vision and Eye Movements. It may be of some interest to note that (electrophysiology of) vision is the symposium topic for the second time in the li ...
Cerebral Palsy: an Analysis of Hip Pathology and Possible Treatments
... symptoms are associated with Cerebral Palsy. These symptoms include, but are not limited to, seizures, visual impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, irregular breathing, feeding and swallowing problems, drooling, skin irritation (associated with drooling), incontinence caused by poor bl ...
... symptoms are associated with Cerebral Palsy. These symptoms include, but are not limited to, seizures, visual impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, irregular breathing, feeding and swallowing problems, drooling, skin irritation (associated with drooling), incontinence caused by poor bl ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Related Motor Neuron
... hands and fingers, the weakness presents as the inability to do fine motor skills. This weakness may be asymmetrical, affecting one arm and the opposite leg. It may also present as a one-sided weakness which then progresses to the opposite side. When muscles are not used due to weakness and affect t ...
... hands and fingers, the weakness presents as the inability to do fine motor skills. This weakness may be asymmetrical, affecting one arm and the opposite leg. It may also present as a one-sided weakness which then progresses to the opposite side. When muscles are not used due to weakness and affect t ...
Classifications of reflexes
... visual stimuli, so that when observing the motor development of infants, it is difficult to know the relative contributions made by these two head righting mechanisms. Those children who fail to develop any head righting ability at all, such as some children with cerebral palsy, are very disabled in ...
... visual stimuli, so that when observing the motor development of infants, it is difficult to know the relative contributions made by these two head righting mechanisms. Those children who fail to develop any head righting ability at all, such as some children with cerebral palsy, are very disabled in ...
Differential expression of galanin in the cholinergic basal forebrain
... cardinal motor symptoms (resting tremor, rigidity, hypokinesia and postural instability) [21]. Based on clinical summaries and neuropsychological assessments (if available), patients with PD who develop cognitive deficits severe enough to interfere with independent activities of daily living, satisf ...
... cardinal motor symptoms (resting tremor, rigidity, hypokinesia and postural instability) [21]. Based on clinical summaries and neuropsychological assessments (if available), patients with PD who develop cognitive deficits severe enough to interfere with independent activities of daily living, satisf ...
Critical illness neuropathy and myopathy
... Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently develop severe muscle weakness independently of whether they suffer from primary neurological diseases. This becomes apparent, at the latest, when weaning from the ventilator proves impossible or difficult and if physical rehabilita ...
... Critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently develop severe muscle weakness independently of whether they suffer from primary neurological diseases. This becomes apparent, at the latest, when weaning from the ventilator proves impossible or difficult and if physical rehabilita ...
Uniform Inhibition of Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental
... population of nondopamine neurons is excited by aversive stimuli. Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta exhibit rapid and brief bursts of activity in response to unexpected rewarding stimuli or conditioned stimuli associated with those rewards. When ...
... population of nondopamine neurons is excited by aversive stimuli. Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta exhibit rapid and brief bursts of activity in response to unexpected rewarding stimuli or conditioned stimuli associated with those rewards. When ...
Controversial Feelings about Dopamine Receptors
... remaining dopaminergic neuron terminals, or increased synthesis within striatopallidal neurons or cholinergic interneurons. In addition, it was found that the neuronal distribution of striatal D2 dopamine receptors is different in treated Parkinson’s disease versus untreated controls3. Dopamine rece ...
... remaining dopaminergic neuron terminals, or increased synthesis within striatopallidal neurons or cholinergic interneurons. In addition, it was found that the neuronal distribution of striatal D2 dopamine receptors is different in treated Parkinson’s disease versus untreated controls3. Dopamine rece ...
The Neuropathology of Manganese
... welders (7Y12). A large body of evidence accumulated over more than a century has demonstrated that the pathology of PD is characterized by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) coupled with the presence of intracellular Lewy bodies (13Y16). Neurodegeneration c ...
... welders (7Y12). A large body of evidence accumulated over more than a century has demonstrated that the pathology of PD is characterized by degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) coupled with the presence of intracellular Lewy bodies (13Y16). Neurodegeneration c ...
Second consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple
... minutes of standing from a previous 3-minute interval in the recumbent position. This orthostatic decline is usually accompanied by a compensatory increase in heart rate that is inadequately low for the level of blood pressure decline. We note that this is a more pronounced decrease of blood pressur ...
... minutes of standing from a previous 3-minute interval in the recumbent position. This orthostatic decline is usually accompanied by a compensatory increase in heart rate that is inadequately low for the level of blood pressure decline. We note that this is a more pronounced decrease of blood pressur ...
Microstimulation of Frontal Cortex Can Reorder a
... sequence errors, not target errors, and it did so in a systematic way: SEF stimulation biased the sequential movements so that the endpoints seemed to converge toward a zone in the contralateral hemifield. The effect of microstimulation at three example SEF sites is shown in Figure 3. The lower panel ...
... sequence errors, not target errors, and it did so in a systematic way: SEF stimulation biased the sequential movements so that the endpoints seemed to converge toward a zone in the contralateral hemifield. The effect of microstimulation at three example SEF sites is shown in Figure 3. The lower panel ...
Spasticity and muscle contracture following stroke
... the amount of attention directed to reflex hyperexcitability associated with spasticity is out of proportion with its effects. Consequently, hypertonia needs to be clearly distinguished from reflex hyperexcitability in patients with spasticity. ...
... the amount of attention directed to reflex hyperexcitability associated with spasticity is out of proportion with its effects. Consequently, hypertonia needs to be clearly distinguished from reflex hyperexcitability in patients with spasticity. ...
Comparison between concentric needle EMG and macro EMG in
... Objectives: Acute poliomyelitis causes degeneration of anterior horn cells, followed by denervation. Reinnervation and muscle ®bre hypertrophy are mechanisms that compensate this loss of neurones. Concentric needle EMG (CNEMG) and macro EMG are two methods to assess the magnitude of initial involvem ...
... Objectives: Acute poliomyelitis causes degeneration of anterior horn cells, followed by denervation. Reinnervation and muscle ®bre hypertrophy are mechanisms that compensate this loss of neurones. Concentric needle EMG (CNEMG) and macro EMG are two methods to assess the magnitude of initial involvem ...
Pediatric Neurology Review - American Academy of Pediatrics
... 4-6 % incidence of a single seizure in childhood 1% incidence of epilepsy (> 2 unprovoked seizures) in childhood 70-80 % of children “outgrow” their seizures HISTORY is the most important tool in differentiating a seizure from a non-seizure look-alike EEG is an adjunctive test to clinical history 40 ...
... 4-6 % incidence of a single seizure in childhood 1% incidence of epilepsy (> 2 unprovoked seizures) in childhood 70-80 % of children “outgrow” their seizures HISTORY is the most important tool in differentiating a seizure from a non-seizure look-alike EEG is an adjunctive test to clinical history 40 ...
Pediatric Neurology Review
... 4-6 % incidence of a single seizure in childhood 1% incidence of epilepsy (> 2 unprovoked seizures) in childhood 70-80 % of children “outgrow” their seizures HISTORY is the most important tool in differentiating a seizure from a non-seizure look-alike EEG is an adjunctive test to clinical history 40 ...
... 4-6 % incidence of a single seizure in childhood 1% incidence of epilepsy (> 2 unprovoked seizures) in childhood 70-80 % of children “outgrow” their seizures HISTORY is the most important tool in differentiating a seizure from a non-seizure look-alike EEG is an adjunctive test to clinical history 40 ...
Network effects of deep brain stimulation
... Although over 100,000 patients have undergone DBS implantation for various indications, the majority of our experience with recording network effects during DBS comes from STN stimulation for the treatment of PD. Unless otherwise stated, the studies reviewed in the STN sections below involve DBS of ...
... Although over 100,000 patients have undergone DBS implantation for various indications, the majority of our experience with recording network effects during DBS comes from STN stimulation for the treatment of PD. Unless otherwise stated, the studies reviewed in the STN sections below involve DBS of ...
Seizures - Morning Report
... automatisms like lip smacking, swallowing or picking movements of the hand. Each episode lasts for a few minutes and these is a post-ictal confusion state. EEG is usually normal or may show brief discharges. Hyperventilation neither precipitates a seizure nor produces any EEG abnormality. A typical ...
... automatisms like lip smacking, swallowing or picking movements of the hand. Each episode lasts for a few minutes and these is a post-ictal confusion state. EEG is usually normal or may show brief discharges. Hyperventilation neither precipitates a seizure nor produces any EEG abnormality. A typical ...
Evaluating the Patient With Suspected Radiculopathy
... In a prospective study of 100 patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy who underwent lumbar laminectomy, EMG precisely identified the involved root level 84% of the time.67 Electromyography failed to accurately identify the compressed root in 16% of patients. However, at least half of the failures we ...
... In a prospective study of 100 patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy who underwent lumbar laminectomy, EMG precisely identified the involved root level 84% of the time.67 Electromyography failed to accurately identify the compressed root in 16% of patients. However, at least half of the failures we ...
The condition
... cases the gene is faulty, causing low levels of vital proteins, leading to neurological damage. Many forms of ataxia can now be diagnosed by genetic testing. Ataxia can also be caused by exposure to toxins such as medication or alcohol, and it can be a side-effect of a stroke, MS, or even a brain tu ...
... cases the gene is faulty, causing low levels of vital proteins, leading to neurological damage. Many forms of ataxia can now be diagnosed by genetic testing. Ataxia can also be caused by exposure to toxins such as medication or alcohol, and it can be a side-effect of a stroke, MS, or even a brain tu ...
Hyperkinesia
Hyperkinesia, also known as hyperkinesis, refers to an increase in muscular activity that can result in excessive abnormal movements, excessive normal movements, or a combination of both. The word hyperkinesis comes from the Greek hyper, meaning ""increased,"" and kinein, meaning ""to move."" Hyperkinesia is a state of excessive restlessness which is featured in a large variety of disorders that affect the ability to control motor movement, such as Huntington's disease. It is the opposite of hypokinesia, which refers to decreased bodily movement, as commonly manifested in Parkinson's disease. Many hyperkinetic movements are the result of improper regulation of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry. Overactivity of a direct pathway combined with decreased activity of an indirect pathway results in activation of thalamic neurons and excitation of cortical neurons, resulting in increased motor output. Often, hyperkinesia is paired with hypotonia, a decrease in muscle tone. Many hyperkinetic disorders are psychological in nature and are typically prominent in childhood. Depending on the specific type of hyperkinetic movement, there are different treatment options available to minimize the symptoms, including different medical and surgical therapies.