Detection Sensitivity of Single-Molecule Optical Absorption at Room
... beam modulation.32 We excluded this possibility because the detected signal is in phase with the pump beam modulation. Stimulated emission would have the same phase as the ground-state depletion signal on the lock-in amplifier.18 However, the probe wavelength is chosen to be shorter than the pump wa ...
... beam modulation.32 We excluded this possibility because the detected signal is in phase with the pump beam modulation. Stimulated emission would have the same phase as the ground-state depletion signal on the lock-in amplifier.18 However, the probe wavelength is chosen to be shorter than the pump wa ...
Diffusing-wave spectroscopy: dynamic light scattering in the
... where De is the diffusion coefficient of the light. Then, Dl cf/3 where c is the speed that the light travels through the effective background medium. For particles which are not small compared to A, the scattering is anisotropic, and the mean number of scattering events, no, required to randomize t ...
... where De is the diffusion coefficient of the light. Then, Dl cf/3 where c is the speed that the light travels through the effective background medium. For particles which are not small compared to A, the scattering is anisotropic, and the mean number of scattering events, no, required to randomize t ...
Third-harmonic Rayleigh scattering: theory and experiment
... non-index-matching liquids are performed and confirm theoretical predictions. © 2005 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.7090, 190.4160, 290.5850, 190.3970, 190.7110. ...
... non-index-matching liquids are performed and confirm theoretical predictions. © 2005 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 140.7090, 190.4160, 290.5850, 190.3970, 190.7110. ...
A unified picture of protein hydration: prediction of hydrodynamic
... water around a protein can be easily detected by NMR. The hydration levels from such a measurement are 0.34, 0.42 and 0.34 grg for lysozyme, myoglobin, and chymotrypsinogen A, respectively w10x. Calorimetric measurements of the heat capacity of lysozyme powder at different hydration levels indicate ...
... water around a protein can be easily detected by NMR. The hydration levels from such a measurement are 0.34, 0.42 and 0.34 grg for lysozyme, myoglobin, and chymotrypsinogen A, respectively w10x. Calorimetric measurements of the heat capacity of lysozyme powder at different hydration levels indicate ...
Non-linear Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy for
... the object looked like in a specific moment, but quantitative information is lacking. To acquire this information, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) can be used. This is a method where the measured signal is analysed with respect to itself at a later time. It is used for analysing the diffusi ...
... the object looked like in a specific moment, but quantitative information is lacking. To acquire this information, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) can be used. This is a method where the measured signal is analysed with respect to itself at a later time. It is used for analysing the diffusi ...
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.0 by extrinsic factors (test conditions), such as hydrodynamics,
... primary particles as far as possible, or it may be desirable to retain clusters as intact as possible. In this sense, the particles of interest may be either primary particles or clusters. For the development of a method it is highly advisable to check that comminution of the particles does not occu ...
... primary particles as far as possible, or it may be desirable to retain clusters as intact as possible. In this sense, the particles of interest may be either primary particles or clusters. For the development of a method it is highly advisable to check that comminution of the particles does not occu ...
MICROSCOPY
... more advanced) technique employs focal plane array detection for infrared chemical imaging, where the image contrast is determined by the response of individual sample regions to particular IR wavelengths selected by the user. ...
... more advanced) technique employs focal plane array detection for infrared chemical imaging, where the image contrast is determined by the response of individual sample regions to particular IR wavelengths selected by the user. ...
Three-Dimensional Mapping of Near-Field Interactions via Single-Photon Tomography Benjamin D. Mangum,
... directly above the geometric center of the sphere, e.g., panel b corresponding to axis b′. Thus, we attribute the partial recovery in this case to the particular location with respect to the detailed shape of the tip-sample coupling map at which this approach curve was acquired. Specifically, at thi ...
... directly above the geometric center of the sphere, e.g., panel b corresponding to axis b′. Thus, we attribute the partial recovery in this case to the particular location with respect to the detailed shape of the tip-sample coupling map at which this approach curve was acquired. Specifically, at thi ...
A study on the optical property-Determination of
... the accuracy of the standard yield value and by the confidence that can be placed on the comparison technique. Even after making various corrections for system geometry, re-absorption, polarization, etc, the accuracy of the quantum- yield values obtained from photometric measurements is rather poor. ...
... the accuracy of the standard yield value and by the confidence that can be placed on the comparison technique. Even after making various corrections for system geometry, re-absorption, polarization, etc, the accuracy of the quantum- yield values obtained from photometric measurements is rather poor. ...
SPDM: light microscopy with single
... a wavelength λfl2 ), for example by illumination with light of a defined wavelength λact (e.g. in the near ultraviolet) which is different from the one of fluorescence excitation. If the activation of the fluorescent markers (i.e. transition from a ‘dark’ spectral signature to a ‘bright’ one) is don ...
... a wavelength λfl2 ), for example by illumination with light of a defined wavelength λact (e.g. in the near ultraviolet) which is different from the one of fluorescence excitation. If the activation of the fluorescent markers (i.e. transition from a ‘dark’ spectral signature to a ‘bright’ one) is don ...
Introduction to the principles of Atomic Spectroscopy
... XRF instrument measures the photon energy from the fluorescence to identify the element and the intensity of the photon to measure the amount of element in the sample ...
... XRF instrument measures the photon energy from the fluorescence to identify the element and the intensity of the photon to measure the amount of element in the sample ...
Properties of a 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope
... spherical wave front and the presence of aplanatic illumination force additional elevations along the optical axis that reach peak values of 0.58. For calculation of the resolution of the type-A 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope (4Pi illumination and normal detection), the illumination point-spre ...
... spherical wave front and the presence of aplanatic illumination force additional elevations along the optical axis that reach peak values of 0.58. For calculation of the resolution of the type-A 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscope (4Pi illumination and normal detection), the illumination point-spre ...
Isolated hexaphenyl nanofibers as optical waveguides
... waveguiding properties require an analytical theory for optical waveguiding in nanometer-scaled aggregates. Motivated by the force microscopy images, we assume the nanofiber to have a rectangular cross section and to be an optically uniaxial medium with the dielectric tensor component ⑀ 储 along the ...
... waveguiding properties require an analytical theory for optical waveguiding in nanometer-scaled aggregates. Motivated by the force microscopy images, we assume the nanofiber to have a rectangular cross section and to be an optically uniaxial medium with the dielectric tensor component ⑀ 储 along the ...
5 The Basics of Confocal Microscopy
... otherwise appear blurred when viewed under a conventional microscope. This is achieved by excluding most of the light from the specimen that is not from the microscope’s focal plane. The image thus obtained has less haze and better contrast than that of a conventional microscope and represents a thi ...
... otherwise appear blurred when viewed under a conventional microscope. This is achieved by excluding most of the light from the specimen that is not from the microscope’s focal plane. The image thus obtained has less haze and better contrast than that of a conventional microscope and represents a thi ...
Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in 3
... mirrors, and using a methanolic BBOT solution as lasing medium, is used between the last amplifiers as a saturable absorber with a fast trailing gate due to stimulated emission. The fluorescence emitted from the sample was filtered through a yellow glass filter (Schott GG475/3 mm) and imaged onto th ...
... mirrors, and using a methanolic BBOT solution as lasing medium, is used between the last amplifiers as a saturable absorber with a fast trailing gate due to stimulated emission. The fluorescence emitted from the sample was filtered through a yellow glass filter (Schott GG475/3 mm) and imaged onto th ...
Supplementary Material for
... perpendicular to the fringes. The spacing of the thicker fringes in different slides varies over a wide range, though the wedge angles of the slides are always nearly parallel to the sides of the slide. The wedge angle corresponding to the three slides measured in Fig. S1 are 2.0 10-3, 1.1 10-3 ...
... perpendicular to the fringes. The spacing of the thicker fringes in different slides varies over a wide range, though the wedge angles of the slides are always nearly parallel to the sides of the slide. The wedge angle corresponding to the three slides measured in Fig. S1 are 2.0 10-3, 1.1 10-3 ...
Absorption and fluorescence spectra of poly
... 'dimer'). While Soxhlet extraction to remove smallmolecule impurities from the PET did not alter the fluorescence spectra 3 , the possibility that the emission results from impurities bound to the polymer chain remained. Another series of experiments4 6 under a different set of conditions, primarily ...
... 'dimer'). While Soxhlet extraction to remove smallmolecule impurities from the PET did not alter the fluorescence spectra 3 , the possibility that the emission results from impurities bound to the polymer chain remained. Another series of experiments4 6 under a different set of conditions, primarily ...
kokhan1
... The case of large soft spherical particles was studied in detail. However, results can be easily generalized on the more important and practically relevant case of nonspherical particles. The diameter of a spherical particle should be changed to the maximal length of an incident beam inside of a non ...
... The case of large soft spherical particles was studied in detail. However, results can be easily generalized on the more important and practically relevant case of nonspherical particles. The diameter of a spherical particle should be changed to the maximal length of an incident beam inside of a non ...
Calibration and Linear Regression Analysis: A
... Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Dr. D. Stone (prepared by J. Ellis) ...
... Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Dr. D. Stone (prepared by J. Ellis) ...
Theory of confocal fluorescence imaging in the
... with varying lattice distances. The conventional excitation and emission PSFs were computed using vector wave theory (van der Voort & Brakenhoff, 1990). Figure 2 presents the normalized results for different lattice distances in the PAM compared to a conventional microscope and an ideal confocal mic ...
... with varying lattice distances. The conventional excitation and emission PSFs were computed using vector wave theory (van der Voort & Brakenhoff, 1990). Figure 2 presents the normalized results for different lattice distances in the PAM compared to a conventional microscope and an ideal confocal mic ...
RSC ChemComm Template (PC) - Royal Society of Chemistry
... To probe the excited state interactions between the two fullerene cores we first conducted a series of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence surveys. Typically wavelengths in the 350 nm region were used to photoexcite 3, since here the absorptions of the C60 core are nearly twice as high as th ...
... To probe the excited state interactions between the two fullerene cores we first conducted a series of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence surveys. Typically wavelengths in the 350 nm region were used to photoexcite 3, since here the absorptions of the C60 core are nearly twice as high as th ...
Superresolution size determination in fluorescence microscopy: A
... of the cos2 shaped standing wave field present between the two objective lenses; and z 2 is the position of one maximum 共arbitrarily chosen and then fixed兲 of the previously mentioned standing wave field, (z 2 ⫺z o )/C represents the phase of the standing wave field at the object position. Although ...
... of the cos2 shaped standing wave field present between the two objective lenses; and z 2 is the position of one maximum 共arbitrarily chosen and then fixed兲 of the previously mentioned standing wave field, (z 2 ⫺z o )/C represents the phase of the standing wave field at the object position. Although ...
The effect of detector size on the signal-to
... A confocal microscope may be converted into a polarization-sensitive instrument merely by placing a polar in the illumination path and a suitably crossed analyser in the detection path. The confocal microscope is particularly suitable for polarised light studies since it possesses an infinite extinc ...
... A confocal microscope may be converted into a polarization-sensitive instrument merely by placing a polar in the illumination path and a suitably crossed analyser in the detection path. The confocal microscope is particularly suitable for polarised light studies since it possesses an infinite extinc ...
3D widefield light microscopy with better than 100 nm axial resolution
... The InM modes of microscopy described here share some aspects with other recent techniques, in particular standing wave fluorescence microscopy (SWFM) (Bailey et al., 1993; Lanni et al., 1993), 4Pi confocal microscopy (Hell & Stelzer, 1992, Hell et al., 1997; Schrader et al., 1998), and multiple tel ...
... The InM modes of microscopy described here share some aspects with other recent techniques, in particular standing wave fluorescence microscopy (SWFM) (Bailey et al., 1993; Lanni et al., 1993), 4Pi confocal microscopy (Hell & Stelzer, 1992, Hell et al., 1997; Schrader et al., 1998), and multiple tel ...
Question - Bellingham High School
... Particles and Moles • This conversion requires only one fact that does not change from atom to atom or compound to compound: Avagadro’s Number = 6.02 X 1023 “stuff” = 1 mole of “stuff” ...
... Particles and Moles • This conversion requires only one fact that does not change from atom to atom or compound to compound: Avagadro’s Number = 6.02 X 1023 “stuff” = 1 mole of “stuff” ...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a correlation analysis of fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity. The analysis provides parameters of the physics under the fluctuations. One of the interesting applications of this is an analysis of the concentration fluctuations of fluorescent particles (molecules) in solution. In this application, the fluorescence emitted from a very tiny space in solution containing a small number of fluorescent particles (molecules) is observed. The fluorescence intensity is fluctuating due to Brownian motion of the particles. In other words, the number of the particles in the sub-space defined by the optical system is randomly changing around the average number. The analysis gives the average number of fluorescent particles and average diffusion time, when the particle is passing through the space. Eventually, both the concentration and size of the particle (molecule) are determined. Both parameters are important in biochemical research, biophysics, and chemistry.FCS is such a sensitive analytical tool because it observes a small number of molecules (nanomolar to picomolar concentrations) in a small volume (~1μm3). In contrast to other methods (such as HPLC analysis) FCS has no physical separation process; instead, it achieves its spatial resolution through its optics. Furthermore, FCS enables observation of fluorescence-tagged molecules in the biochemical pathway in intact living cells. This opens a new area, ""in situ or in vivo biochemistry"": tracing the biochemical pathway in intact cells and organs.Commonly, FCS is employed in the context of optical microscopy, in particular Confocal microscopy or two-photon excitation microscopy. In these techniques light is focused on a sample and the measured fluorescence intensity fluctuations (due to diffusion, physical or chemical reactions, aggregation, etc.) are analyzed using the temporal autocorrelation. Because the measured property is essentially related to the magnitude and/or the amount of fluctuations, there is an optimum measurement regime at the level when individual species enter or exit the observation volume (or turn on and off in the volume). When too many entities are measured at the same time the overall fluctuations are small in comparison to the total signal and may not be resolvable – in the other direction, if the individual fluctuation-events are too sparse in time, one measurement may take prohibitively too long. FCS is in a way the fluorescent counterpart to dynamic light scattering, which uses coherent light scattering, instead of (incoherent) fluorescence.When an appropriate model is known, FCS can be used to obtain quantitative information such as diffusion coefficients hydrodynamic radii average concentrations kinetic chemical reaction rates singlet-triplet dynamicsBecause fluorescent markers come in a variety of colors and can be specifically bound to a particular molecule (e.g. proteins, polymers, metal-complexes, etc.), it is possible to study the behavior of individual molecules (in rapid succession in composite solutions). With the development of sensitive detectors such as avalanche photodiodes the detection of the fluorescence signal coming from individual molecules in highly dilute samples has become practical. With this emerged the possibility to conduct FCS experiments in a wide variety of specimens, ranging from materials science to biology. The advent of engineered cells with genetically tagged proteins (like green fluorescent protein) has made FCS a common tool for studying molecular dynamics in living cells.