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Chemical Reactions: Introduction to Reaction Types
Chemical Reactions: Introduction to Reaction Types

Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions

... Never change a subscript to balance an equation (You can only change coefficients) – If you change the subscript (formula) you are describing a different chemical. – H2O is a different compound than H2O2  Never put a coefficient in the middle of a formula; they must go only in the front ...
What You Need to Know to Pass the Chemistry
What You Need to Know to Pass the Chemistry

...  Polar substances are dissolved only by another polar substance. Non-polar substances are dissolved only by other non-polar substances, “like dissolves like”. 4. Chemical bonds are formed when valence electrons are:  Transferred from one atom to another – ionic.  Shared between atoms – covalent. ...
Heats of Formation WS
Heats of Formation WS

... Heats of Formation 1. For each of the following compounds, write a balanced thermochemical equation depicting the formation of one mole of the compound from its elements in their standard states and use the appendix to obtain the value of ∆Hfº. [a] NO2 (g) ...
Chapter 3
Chapter 3

... – how much reactant is consumed and how much product is formed – coefficients must be consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass; atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. – i.e. chemical equation must be balanced ...
Chapter 11 Chemical Reactions
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AP Chemistry Chapter 16
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Hydrothermal Reactions from Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate to Phenol

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... Electrolysis can be used to remove unwanted hair from the skin. The hair is first coated with a layer of gel containing ions in solution. The positive electrode is connected by a patch to the skin.The negative electrode is connected to the hair. Electricity flows through the gel and causes electroly ...
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... m. The combustion of ethanol (C2H5OH) in the presence of oxygen gas forms carbon dioxide and water vapor. n. Solid zinc metal reacts with aqueous hydrogen chloride to form aqueous zinc chloride and hydrogen gas. o. Aqueous strontium hydroxide reacts with aqueous hydrogen bromide (aka “hydrobromic ac ...
PHYSICAL SETTING CHEMISTRY
PHYSICAL SETTING CHEMISTRY

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Notes for Matter Packet- Balancing equations (PDF

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Bioorthogonal chemistry



The term bioorthogonal chemistry refers to any chemical reaction that can occur inside of living systems without interfering with native biochemical processes. The term was coined by Carolyn R. Bertozzi in 2003. Since its introduction, the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids in real time in living systems without cellular toxicity. A number of chemical ligation strategies have been developed that fulfill the requirements of bioorthogonality, including the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and cyclooctynes (also termed copper-free click chemistry), between nitrones and cyclooctynes, oxime/hydrazone formation from aldehydes and ketones, the tetrazine ligation, the isocyanide-based click reaction, and most recently, the quadricyclane ligation.The use of bioorthogonal chemistry typically proceeds in two steps. First, a cellular substrate is modified with a bioorthogonal functional group (chemical reporter) and introduced to the cell; substrates include metabolites, enzyme inhibitors, etc. The chemical reporter must not alter the structure of the substrate dramatically to avoid affecting its bioactivity. Secondly, a probe containing the complementary functional group is introduced to react and label the substrate.Although effective bioorthogonal reactions such as copper-free click chemistry have been developed, development of new reactions continues to generate orthogonal methods for labeling to allow multiple methods of labeling to be used in the same biosystems.
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