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IB Chemistry Online EQ_Ans
IB Chemistry Online EQ_Ans

... in the presence of excess oxygen under standard conditions.[2] c Hess’s law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken. It depends only on the initial and final states. ...
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... Spring 2012, Lecture test II in chemistry 2. Name___________________________ Answer questions 1 to 19 on these pages. ______1. Which of the following will increase the Ksp of PbCl2 ? A) Addition of HCl to the solution B) Addition of Pb(NO3)2 to the solution C) An increase in temperature D) All of th ...
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PH



In chemistry, pH (/piːˈeɪtʃ/) is a numeric scale used to specify the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. It is the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the activity of the hydrogen ion. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are alkaline or basic. Pure water is neutral, being neither an acid nor a base. Contrary to popular belief, the pH value can be less than 0 or greater than 14 for very strong acids and bases respectively.pH measurements are important in medicine, biology, chemistry, agriculture, forestry, food science, environmental science, oceanography, civil engineering, chemical engineering, nutrition, water treatment & water purification, and many other applications. The pH scale is traceable to a set of standard solutions whose pH is established by international agreement.Primary pH standard values are determined using a concentration cell with transference, by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode such as the silver chloride electrode.The pH of aqueous solutions can be measured with a glass electrode and a pH meter, or indicator.pH is the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the activity of the (solvated) hydronium ion, more often (albeit somewhat inaccurately) expressed as the measure of the hydronium ion concentration.The rest of this article uses the technically correct word ""base"" and its inflections in place of ""alkaline"", which specifically refers to a base dissolved in water, and its inflections.
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