Fabrication of two-layer integrated phase mask for
... was introduced by a physical displacement of the phase mask between two exposures. This precise displacement on the order of 0.1 μm was achieved using a high precision motion stage, which poses a significant fabrication challenge and is susceptible to the mechanic vibration. Another method to achiev ...
... was introduced by a physical displacement of the phase mask between two exposures. This precise displacement on the order of 0.1 μm was achieved using a high precision motion stage, which poses a significant fabrication challenge and is susceptible to the mechanic vibration. Another method to achiev ...
Development of proper microbiological technique for experimentation Vibrio fischeri
... in a refrigerator (~5oC) to halt growth. This plate should last for weeks in good health, and will provide a consistent base from which to start all experiments during that time period. The evening before an experiment, the lab assistant starts a liquid culture by touching a sterile steel inoculati ...
... in a refrigerator (~5oC) to halt growth. This plate should last for weeks in good health, and will provide a consistent base from which to start all experiments during that time period. The evening before an experiment, the lab assistant starts a liquid culture by touching a sterile steel inoculati ...
Tailored Complex Potentials and Friedel`s Law in Atom Optics
... overlapped at a beam splitter and enter the vacuum chamber collinearly (Fig. 3). The light crystal is set up by retroreflecting the central part (3.5 cm) of a collimated Gaussian laser beam (FWHM ca. 3.5 cm) at a mirror in the vacuum. At the metallic mirror surface the two light fields are in phase. ...
... overlapped at a beam splitter and enter the vacuum chamber collinearly (Fig. 3). The light crystal is set up by retroreflecting the central part (3.5 cm) of a collimated Gaussian laser beam (FWHM ca. 3.5 cm) at a mirror in the vacuum. At the metallic mirror surface the two light fields are in phase. ...
Aggregation and Adsorption at Interfaces
... molecules must first diffuse from the bulk to the surface, then adsorb, whilst also achieving the correct orientation. Therefore, a freshly formed interface of a surfactant solution has a surface tension very close to that of the solvent, and this dynamic surface tension will then decay over a certa ...
... molecules must first diffuse from the bulk to the surface, then adsorb, whilst also achieving the correct orientation. Therefore, a freshly formed interface of a surfactant solution has a surface tension very close to that of the solvent, and this dynamic surface tension will then decay over a certa ...
A finite element beam propagation method for simulation of liquid
... flexibility to model arbitrarily curved structures. Hybrid edge/nodal finite elements [7] have been used with great success in modeling vector electric or magnetic fields. These elements exclude spurious solutions whilst incorporating the desired continuity conditions at dielectric interfaces. Our g ...
... flexibility to model arbitrarily curved structures. Hybrid edge/nodal finite elements [7] have been used with great success in modeling vector electric or magnetic fields. These elements exclude spurious solutions whilst incorporating the desired continuity conditions at dielectric interfaces. Our g ...
Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) - Tutorial
... Nd:YAG pumped OPOs based on PPLN can efficiently produce tunable light at wavelengths between 1.3 and 5µm and can even produce light at longer wavelengths but with lower efficiency. The PPLN OPO can produce output powers of several watts and can be pumped with pulsed or CW pump lasers. Second Harmon ...
... Nd:YAG pumped OPOs based on PPLN can efficiently produce tunable light at wavelengths between 1.3 and 5µm and can even produce light at longer wavelengths but with lower efficiency. The PPLN OPO can produce output powers of several watts and can be pumped with pulsed or CW pump lasers. Second Harmon ...
THE KINETICS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS: SINGLE
... this behavior in terms of the underlying behavior of each individual molecule? Perhaps the molecules, initially all in state A, are “unhappy” to be so far away from the equilibrium situation and so they are all inclined to jump into B, in an organized fashion, until sufficient number of molecules B ...
... this behavior in terms of the underlying behavior of each individual molecule? Perhaps the molecules, initially all in state A, are “unhappy” to be so far away from the equilibrium situation and so they are all inclined to jump into B, in an organized fashion, until sufficient number of molecules B ...
Slide 1 - scie
... additional solvent is added on top to replace that leaving components travel through at different rates and separate - B batches of solvent are collected at intervals - C the solvent in each batch is evaporated to obtain components ...
... additional solvent is added on top to replace that leaving components travel through at different rates and separate - B batches of solvent are collected at intervals - C the solvent in each batch is evaporated to obtain components ...
Phase Polymorphism of [Mn(DMSO) ](ClO ) Studied by
... The DSC measurements of HMnC were made using two types of DSC apparatus: the first one was a PerkinElmer DSC-7 apparatus used in the temperature range of 173 – 520 K for samples hermetically confined in 30 µ l aluminium containers. The weight of that sample was 10.90 mg (sample a). Details of the DS ...
... The DSC measurements of HMnC were made using two types of DSC apparatus: the first one was a PerkinElmer DSC-7 apparatus used in the temperature range of 173 – 520 K for samples hermetically confined in 30 µ l aluminium containers. The weight of that sample was 10.90 mg (sample a). Details of the DS ...
OUTSTANDING MEETING PAPER Phase field theory of crystal
... anisotropic particles, including dendritic solidification in an undercooled liquid.23,30 Applications to grain boundary problems, including grain boundary wetting and grain coarsening in polycrystalline matter via grain boundary migration and rotation, have been described by us in our recent work.34 ...
... anisotropic particles, including dendritic solidification in an undercooled liquid.23,30 Applications to grain boundary problems, including grain boundary wetting and grain coarsening in polycrystalline matter via grain boundary migration and rotation, have been described by us in our recent work.34 ...
DX4301741751
... corresponds to 58%. Hence it is assigned to decomposition stage of LHB crystal. The resulting residue gives a weight loss for a wider range of temperature between 600 and 750 °C. The total weight loss of this stage is found to be 38 %. As the total weight loss in the entire temperature range conside ...
... corresponds to 58%. Hence it is assigned to decomposition stage of LHB crystal. The resulting residue gives a weight loss for a wider range of temperature between 600 and 750 °C. The total weight loss of this stage is found to be 38 %. As the total weight loss in the entire temperature range conside ...
a-study-on-the
... that the percentage of transmission (85.39%) was enhanced due to doping. This property can be used for optical applications. FTIR analysis identified the functional groups present in the grown single crystals. From the thermal studies, it was found that the doped crystal was stable up to 200°C and h ...
... that the percentage of transmission (85.39%) was enhanced due to doping. This property can be used for optical applications. FTIR analysis identified the functional groups present in the grown single crystals. From the thermal studies, it was found that the doped crystal was stable up to 200°C and h ...
vapor liquid - UPB Sci Bull
... We have studied analytically the laser -field induced Freedericksz transition in an homeotropic aligned NLC, taking into account the surface anchoring effects. We have calculated the threshold intensity of the laser beam producing the transition and the saturation intensity as a functions of the anc ...
... We have studied analytically the laser -field induced Freedericksz transition in an homeotropic aligned NLC, taking into account the surface anchoring effects. We have calculated the threshold intensity of the laser beam producing the transition and the saturation intensity as a functions of the anc ...
AP Chem Chapter 13 Homework
... a. Molecular solids generally have lower melting points than covalent solids. b. Metallic solids exhibit a wide range of melting points. c. The lattice of a metallic solid is defined by the position of the metal nuclei, and the valence electrons are distributed over the lattice as a whole. d. Most m ...
... a. Molecular solids generally have lower melting points than covalent solids. b. Metallic solids exhibit a wide range of melting points. c. The lattice of a metallic solid is defined by the position of the metal nuclei, and the valence electrons are distributed over the lattice as a whole. d. Most m ...
Description of liquid–gas phase transition in the frame of continuum
... approach is developed primarily in relation to the description of phase transitions associated rather with the change of various physical properties of the substance than with the change of aggregative state, see [31]. The key point of third approach is the use of so-called order parameters. Sometim ...
... approach is developed primarily in relation to the description of phase transitions associated rather with the change of various physical properties of the substance than with the change of aggregative state, see [31]. The key point of third approach is the use of so-called order parameters. Sometim ...
No Slide Title
... additional solvent is added on top to replace that leaving components travel through at different rates and separate - B batches of solvent are collected at intervals - C the solvent in each batch is evaporated to obtain components ...
... additional solvent is added on top to replace that leaving components travel through at different rates and separate - B batches of solvent are collected at intervals - C the solvent in each batch is evaporated to obtain components ...
chromapp
... additional solvent is added on top to replace that leaving components travel through at different rates and separate - B batches of solvent are collected at intervals - C the solvent in each batch is evaporated to obtain components ...
... additional solvent is added on top to replace that leaving components travel through at different rates and separate - B batches of solvent are collected at intervals - C the solvent in each batch is evaporated to obtain components ...
CHAPTER 4 GROWTH OF SEMIORGANIC TRIGLYCINE CALCIUM
... which it is observed that the hardness increases with the increase of load up to 100 g and crack occurs at that load. The maximum hardness obtained in this material is 90 kg/mm2. In order to find work hardening coefficient (n) of the grown crystal, another graph (Figure 4.8) was drawn between logari ...
... which it is observed that the hardness increases with the increase of load up to 100 g and crack occurs at that load. The maximum hardness obtained in this material is 90 kg/mm2. In order to find work hardening coefficient (n) of the grown crystal, another graph (Figure 4.8) was drawn between logari ...
Derivation of the BET and Langmuir Isotherms
... The BET isotherm is accurate when P/Po is between ∼0.05 and ∼0.3, pressures at which only a few complete layers have formed. At low pressures the BET isotherm does not do a good job at describing adsorption because in deriving the isotherm it was assumed that all the sites on the alumina surface are ...
... The BET isotherm is accurate when P/Po is between ∼0.05 and ∼0.3, pressures at which only a few complete layers have formed. At low pressures the BET isotherm does not do a good job at describing adsorption because in deriving the isotherm it was assumed that all the sites on the alumina surface are ...
Methods of solubility improvements
... When a liquid is heated to its boiling point, energy (in the form of heat) is added to the liquid, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the liquid. Once the liquid reaches its boiling point, however, the further addition of heat does not cause a further increase in temperature. The energy ...
... When a liquid is heated to its boiling point, energy (in the form of heat) is added to the liquid, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the liquid. Once the liquid reaches its boiling point, however, the further addition of heat does not cause a further increase in temperature. The energy ...
AAN025_V1 Interfacial rheometry
... gas, a liquid or a solid. Interfaces are extremely important in colloid systems such as emulsions (liquid in a liquid) or foams (gas in a liquid). A characteristic feature of many colloidal dispersions is the large area-to-volume ratio of the dispersed phase. At the interface between the dispersed a ...
... gas, a liquid or a solid. Interfaces are extremely important in colloid systems such as emulsions (liquid in a liquid) or foams (gas in a liquid). A characteristic feature of many colloidal dispersions is the large area-to-volume ratio of the dispersed phase. At the interface between the dispersed a ...
Dipole Moment
... Dipole(large)>Quadrupole(less)>Octopole(negligible)>Hexadecapole (negligible) due to short ranges ...
... Dipole(large)>Quadrupole(less)>Octopole(negligible)>Hexadecapole (negligible) due to short ranges ...
Intermolecular forces and molecules
... Different molecules are shown, along with their electrostatic potentials and electronegativity values (Slide 8). Both CH4 and CF4 are non-polar, but CF4 has stronger intermolecular forces leading to a higher boiling point. Do electronegativity differences account for this difference? Due to the mole ...
... Different molecules are shown, along with their electrostatic potentials and electronegativity values (Slide 8). Both CH4 and CF4 are non-polar, but CF4 has stronger intermolecular forces leading to a higher boiling point. Do electronegativity differences account for this difference? Due to the mole ...
Topic 12: Spatial Light Modulators and Modern Optical Systems
... No applied voltage the molecules are “aligned” by the surface groves. Square Wave applied, “induced” dipole on molecule that is then “twisted” by the electric field. Square Wave plus light: photo-conductor is locally discharged by the light, so molecules in these regions not effected by electric fie ...
... No applied voltage the molecules are “aligned” by the surface groves. Square Wave applied, “induced” dipole on molecule that is then “twisted” by the electric field. Square Wave plus light: photo-conductor is locally discharged by the light, so molecules in these regions not effected by electric fie ...
Liquid crystal
Liquid crystals (LCs) are matter in a state that has properties between those of conventional liquid and those of solid crystal. For instance, a liquid crystal may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of liquid-crystal phases, which can be distinguished by their different optical properties (such as birefringence). When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will appear to have distinct textures. The contrasting areas in the textures correspond to domains where the liquid-crystal molecules are oriented in different directions. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in a liquid-crystal phase (just as water may turn into ice or steam).Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic, lyotropic and metallotropic phases. Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals consist of organic molecules. Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the liquid-crystal phase as temperature is changed. Lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of both temperature and concentration of the liquid-crystal molecules in a solvent (typically water). Metallotropic LCs are composed of both organic and inorganic molecules; their liquid-crystal transition depends not only on temperature and concentration, but also on the inorganic-organic composition ratio.Examples of liquid crystals can be found both in the natural world and in technological applications. Most contemporary electronic displays use liquid crystals. Lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases are abundant in living systems. For example, many proteins and cell membranes are liquid crystals. Other well-known examples of liquid crystals are solutions of soap and various related detergents, as well as the tobacco mosaic virus.