Gas Chromatography
... - H2 and He are carrier gases with significantly different thermal conductivity values (6-10 times greater than those of organic compounds). - H2 reacts with metal oxides present on the resistors, so not used. - Other carrier gases have a similar thermal conductivity as those of organic compounds. ...
... - H2 and He are carrier gases with significantly different thermal conductivity values (6-10 times greater than those of organic compounds). - H2 reacts with metal oxides present on the resistors, so not used. - Other carrier gases have a similar thermal conductivity as those of organic compounds. ...
The Optical and Physical Advisor: Peter Collings
... crystal phase have been published to date. The photosensitivity of the azo-benzene liquid crystals arises for reasons analogous to the ones given above, and has been examined because of such a system's high potential to be useful in all-optical switching devices. Lee et al. (2000) found that irradia ...
... crystal phase have been published to date. The photosensitivity of the azo-benzene liquid crystals arises for reasons analogous to the ones given above, and has been examined because of such a system's high potential to be useful in all-optical switching devices. Lee et al. (2000) found that irradia ...
NUCLEATION PRIMARY SECONDARY (induced by crystals
... scission of the constituting molecules activated by heating, with development of one or more gaseous components. Among them are the classical CaCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2CO3, and other can be taken into account. Developing of gas involves its outlet along radial directions in respect to the site of emissio ...
... scission of the constituting molecules activated by heating, with development of one or more gaseous components. Among them are the classical CaCO3, NH4NO3, (NH4)2CO3, and other can be taken into account. Developing of gas involves its outlet along radial directions in respect to the site of emissio ...
SOLID-STATE MATERIALS SYNTHESIS METHODS
... • Squeezing C60 at RT whose carbons are already intermediate between sp2-3. In the case of C60 diamond anvil, 20 GPa instantaneous transformation to bulk crystalline diamond, highly efficient process, fast kinetics – why not CNs??? • Using 1% CH4/H2 microwave discharges to create reactive atomic car ...
... • Squeezing C60 at RT whose carbons are already intermediate between sp2-3. In the case of C60 diamond anvil, 20 GPa instantaneous transformation to bulk crystalline diamond, highly efficient process, fast kinetics – why not CNs??? • Using 1% CH4/H2 microwave discharges to create reactive atomic car ...
Generation of 3-Dimensionally Integrated Micro Solution Plasmas and Its Application to Decomposition of Organic Contaminants in Water
... Plasmas in and in contact with liquid have attracted much attention because of their possible application fields such as nano-materials synthesis, surface modification, water treatment, sterilization, recycling of rare materials, and decomposition of toxic compounds [1]. In our previous work, we hav ...
... Plasmas in and in contact with liquid have attracted much attention because of their possible application fields such as nano-materials synthesis, surface modification, water treatment, sterilization, recycling of rare materials, and decomposition of toxic compounds [1]. In our previous work, we hav ...
LECTURE 6 - GENESIS OF MINERAL1
... Liquidus: The line (or surface, if P is an additional variable to the TX field) above which the system is completely liquid and below which a solid with or without a liquid is in equilibrium. Solidus: The line (or surface) representing the TX conditions below which the system is completely solid and ...
... Liquidus: The line (or surface, if P is an additional variable to the TX field) above which the system is completely liquid and below which a solid with or without a liquid is in equilibrium. Solidus: The line (or surface) representing the TX conditions below which the system is completely solid and ...
Paper
... The onset of a local polarization can be determined by measuring the index of refraction [6], electrostictive strain [7], inverse dielectric permittivity [4] and lately also acoustic emission (AE) [8]. In addition, X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering techniques allow to monitor the majority of ...
... The onset of a local polarization can be determined by measuring the index of refraction [6], electrostictive strain [7], inverse dielectric permittivity [4] and lately also acoustic emission (AE) [8]. In addition, X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering techniques allow to monitor the majority of ...
Interference effects Thin film interference Phase
... In thin film interference the phase difference is due to reflection at either side of a thin film of transparent material. • The phase difference is due to two factors: – Path difference through the film (corrected for the change in speed of light in the material) – Phase shift at the inter ...
... In thin film interference the phase difference is due to reflection at either side of a thin film of transparent material. • The phase difference is due to two factors: – Path difference through the film (corrected for the change in speed of light in the material) – Phase shift at the inter ...
2. Electro-optics of Nematic Liquid Crystals
... Most studied & applied properties: light-scattering ability externally applied field control or realign the anisotropic liquid crystal axis, thereby controlling the effective refractive index and phase shift form the basis for various optical transmission, reflection, switching, and modulation appli ...
... Most studied & applied properties: light-scattering ability externally applied field control or realign the anisotropic liquid crystal axis, thereby controlling the effective refractive index and phase shift form the basis for various optical transmission, reflection, switching, and modulation appli ...
Properties of Pure Substance
... § Pure substances have an invariable composition and are composed of either elements or compounds. Ø Elements Substances which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means. Ø Compounds Can be decomposed into two or more elements. ...
... § Pure substances have an invariable composition and are composed of either elements or compounds. Ø Elements Substances which cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means. Ø Compounds Can be decomposed into two or more elements. ...
Structural basis for bending of organic crystals{
... packing and intermolecular interactions. When a crystal bends, two parallel opposite faces become non-planar. We define these as the bending faces and the crystal bends when it is subject to a mechanical stress perpendicular to this pair of opposite faces. Other crystal faces must also undergo some ...
... packing and intermolecular interactions. When a crystal bends, two parallel opposite faces become non-planar. We define these as the bending faces and the crystal bends when it is subject to a mechanical stress perpendicular to this pair of opposite faces. Other crystal faces must also undergo some ...
Orientation of perylene derivatives on semiconductor surfaces
... sample position. In the Porto notation zðxxÞz and zðxyÞz denote the cases where the electric field vector of scattered light is parallel/perpendicular to that of the incident light (parallel/crossed polarization configuration). The position of the polarization analyser was maintained fixed in all ex ...
... sample position. In the Porto notation zðxxÞz and zðxyÞz denote the cases where the electric field vector of scattered light is parallel/perpendicular to that of the incident light (parallel/crossed polarization configuration). The position of the polarization analyser was maintained fixed in all ex ...
Accurate predictive model for twisted nematic liquid crystal devices. Application
... electrically. The spatial modulation may be one-, two- or even three-dimensional. The most extended application is as a two-dimensional display for visualization purposes. The SLMs play also a critical role in optical data processing when real time operation is needed. In communication technologies ...
... electrically. The spatial modulation may be one-, two- or even three-dimensional. The most extended application is as a two-dimensional display for visualization purposes. The SLMs play also a critical role in optical data processing when real time operation is needed. In communication technologies ...
Pockels effect
... Birefringence was first observed in the 17th century when sailors visiting Iceland brought back to Europe calcite cristals that showed double images of objects that were viewed through them. This effect was explained by Christiaan Huygens (1629 - 1695, Dutch physicist), as double refraction of what ...
... Birefringence was first observed in the 17th century when sailors visiting Iceland brought back to Europe calcite cristals that showed double images of objects that were viewed through them. This effect was explained by Christiaan Huygens (1629 - 1695, Dutch physicist), as double refraction of what ...
View - University of Southampton
... single uranyl/plutonyl molecule as well as with the first solvation shell of water molecules. For the liquid-phase calculations a dielectric constant of ) 78.5 was taken. We perform restricted Kohn-Sham DFT calculations at the BLYP level of exchange and correlation. DZP basis functions are include ...
... single uranyl/plutonyl molecule as well as with the first solvation shell of water molecules. For the liquid-phase calculations a dielectric constant of ) 78.5 was taken. We perform restricted Kohn-Sham DFT calculations at the BLYP level of exchange and correlation. DZP basis functions are include ...
A Liquid Nitrogen Immersion Cryostat for Optical
... (Spectral Systems), and fused silica windows (CVI Laser Company) have all been used successfully, whereas calcium fluoride windows (Janos) tended to crack upon repeated cooling. The windows were installed in a uniform manner, by tightening screws gradually and in an alternating pattern, to avoid opt ...
... (Spectral Systems), and fused silica windows (CVI Laser Company) have all been used successfully, whereas calcium fluoride windows (Janos) tended to crack upon repeated cooling. The windows were installed in a uniform manner, by tightening screws gradually and in an alternating pattern, to avoid opt ...
Reasoning about Fluids Via Molecular Collections
... Our goal is to construct a history - for MC, describing the sequence of places it is in and what is happening to it in those places . For our purposes, MC is uniquely defined by the place it is in, the substance of which it is composed,' and its current phase (i .e ., solid, liquid or gas) . The pla ...
... Our goal is to construct a history - for MC, describing the sequence of places it is in and what is happening to it in those places . For our purposes, MC is uniquely defined by the place it is in, the substance of which it is composed,' and its current phase (i .e ., solid, liquid or gas) . The pla ...
Angular momentum
... D is a centrifugal distortion constant (a correction due to molecular stretching) ...
... D is a centrifugal distortion constant (a correction due to molecular stretching) ...
Correlation between Crystal Structure and Mobility in Organic Field
... intermolecular interactions along the a axis.20b The main difference between the BEDT-TTF and ETEDT-TTF crystal structures is the disorder of the ethylenethio groups (59-41%) in ETEDT-TTF.21 BET-TTF22,20b and ETTDM-TTF23 belong to the second crystal structure group (G2). The crystal packing of these ...
... intermolecular interactions along the a axis.20b The main difference between the BEDT-TTF and ETEDT-TTF crystal structures is the disorder of the ethylenethio groups (59-41%) in ETEDT-TTF.21 BET-TTF22,20b and ETTDM-TTF23 belong to the second crystal structure group (G2). The crystal packing of these ...
Joint Symposium of Waseda University and Peking University
... thin films, nanoplates, hollow spheres, and rhombdodecahedral cages, has been realized in aqueous solution in the presence of organic additives or specific templates. It has been revealed that polyanionic additives can exhibit significant influence on the morphology of the silver crystals. For examp ...
... thin films, nanoplates, hollow spheres, and rhombdodecahedral cages, has been realized in aqueous solution in the presence of organic additives or specific templates. It has been revealed that polyanionic additives can exhibit significant influence on the morphology of the silver crystals. For examp ...
Optical Parametric Generation Spontaneous parametric down
... phase matching uses a mixture of e and o polarizations to make Dk ¼ 0, making phase matching possible but not guaranteed. Different birefringent phase-matching types are characterized by their particular polarization combinations, most commonly categorized into Type-I and Type-II phase matching. ...
... phase matching uses a mixture of e and o polarizations to make Dk ¼ 0, making phase matching possible but not guaranteed. Different birefringent phase-matching types are characterized by their particular polarization combinations, most commonly categorized into Type-I and Type-II phase matching. ...
Diffraction Basics
... or through narrow slits or in being reflected from ruled surfaces and in which the rays appear to be deflected and to produce fringes of parallel light and dark or colored bands; also : a similar modification of other waves (as sound waves) ...
... or through narrow slits or in being reflected from ruled surfaces and in which the rays appear to be deflected and to produce fringes of parallel light and dark or colored bands; also : a similar modification of other waves (as sound waves) ...
Intracrystalline inclusions within single crystalline
... determine whether these structures had been created as a result of beam damage or were real, non-artifactual inclusions, Towe and Thompson investigated non-biogenic aragonite in a comparable manner at different electron-beam intensities (Fig. 1c,d). The results of those experiments enabled the autho ...
... determine whether these structures had been created as a result of beam damage or were real, non-artifactual inclusions, Towe and Thompson investigated non-biogenic aragonite in a comparable manner at different electron-beam intensities (Fig. 1c,d). The results of those experiments enabled the autho ...
Liquid crystal
Liquid crystals (LCs) are matter in a state that has properties between those of conventional liquid and those of solid crystal. For instance, a liquid crystal may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of liquid-crystal phases, which can be distinguished by their different optical properties (such as birefringence). When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will appear to have distinct textures. The contrasting areas in the textures correspond to domains where the liquid-crystal molecules are oriented in different directions. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in a liquid-crystal phase (just as water may turn into ice or steam).Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic, lyotropic and metallotropic phases. Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals consist of organic molecules. Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the liquid-crystal phase as temperature is changed. Lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of both temperature and concentration of the liquid-crystal molecules in a solvent (typically water). Metallotropic LCs are composed of both organic and inorganic molecules; their liquid-crystal transition depends not only on temperature and concentration, but also on the inorganic-organic composition ratio.Examples of liquid crystals can be found both in the natural world and in technological applications. Most contemporary electronic displays use liquid crystals. Lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases are abundant in living systems. For example, many proteins and cell membranes are liquid crystals. Other well-known examples of liquid crystals are solutions of soap and various related detergents, as well as the tobacco mosaic virus.