Research Article Influence of Thickness on the Holographic Parameters of H-PDLC Materials
... conditions (or visible light at a wavelength where the dye does not absorb) and then sandwiched between two conductive ITO glass plates separated using glass microspheres. In order to obtain samples of the same physical thickness, a weight of 1 kg was placed over the layer for 5 minutes. As a result ...
... conditions (or visible light at a wavelength where the dye does not absorb) and then sandwiched between two conductive ITO glass plates separated using glass microspheres. In order to obtain samples of the same physical thickness, a weight of 1 kg was placed over the layer for 5 minutes. As a result ...
reactions
... of material; b) fast cooling to sub-liquidus temperature; c) very slow cooling in the critical temperature range to provide the growth crystals in desired direction. In present work the different temperature profiles were investigated and the materials with textured domains were obtained. The differ ...
... of material; b) fast cooling to sub-liquidus temperature; c) very slow cooling in the critical temperature range to provide the growth crystals in desired direction. In present work the different temperature profiles were investigated and the materials with textured domains were obtained. The differ ...
Chapter 2 Introduction to polarization of light - diss.fu
... where φ denotes the retardation or the phase shift difference between the fast and the slow axis in the crystal (difference retardance), which is controlled by an external voltage. Having these Jones matrices we are able to show the interaction of light with crystals for a single pixel in the modula ...
... where φ denotes the retardation or the phase shift difference between the fast and the slow axis in the crystal (difference retardance), which is controlled by an external voltage. Having these Jones matrices we are able to show the interaction of light with crystals for a single pixel in the modula ...
Helicity-dependent three-dimensional optical trapping of chiral
... n at room temperature. In our case, circular Bragg reflection thus occurs for the illumination wavelength l ¼ 532 nm. Spherical chiral microparticles are obtained by dispersing the liquid crystal material in 27 wt% aqueous glycerol solution (this glycerol fraction corresponds to almost isodense emuls ...
... n at room temperature. In our case, circular Bragg reflection thus occurs for the illumination wavelength l ¼ 532 nm. Spherical chiral microparticles are obtained by dispersing the liquid crystal material in 27 wt% aqueous glycerol solution (this glycerol fraction corresponds to almost isodense emuls ...
Quantitative prediction of the modulation behavior of twisted nematic liquid
... by Taber et al [8] to study the transmittance of a liquid crystal light valve LCLV. The knowledge of the physical parameters of the liquid crystal material has been used to calculate the director profiles to considerably accuracy [9]. They permit to perform accurate numerical simulations of the LCD ...
... by Taber et al [8] to study the transmittance of a liquid crystal light valve LCLV. The knowledge of the physical parameters of the liquid crystal material has been used to calculate the director profiles to considerably accuracy [9]. They permit to perform accurate numerical simulations of the LCD ...
A spatial light modulator for ion trapping experiments
... transitions at 397nm, 866nm and 854nm are used for cooling the ions, repumping them to the electronic ground state and readout techniques. From [14] about 1s. The S1/2 and D5/2 states are used to encode the qubit and it can be manipulated with light of about 729nm wavelength. This transition is chos ...
... transitions at 397nm, 866nm and 854nm are used for cooling the ions, repumping them to the electronic ground state and readout techniques. From [14] about 1s. The S1/2 and D5/2 states are used to encode the qubit and it can be manipulated with light of about 729nm wavelength. This transition is chos ...
Second Harmonic Generation Technique and its Applications
... to the excited state of unperturbed system a resonance will occur in SHG and the NLO susceptibility, describing it, is complex. Although the frequency doubling was observed earlier in electrical circuits with low frequency fields, the first observation of the optical frequency conversion was done in ...
... to the excited state of unperturbed system a resonance will occur in SHG and the NLO susceptibility, describing it, is complex. Although the frequency doubling was observed earlier in electrical circuits with low frequency fields, the first observation of the optical frequency conversion was done in ...
3D–2D–3D photonic crystal heterostructures fabricated by direct
... band of the woodpile, a condition that can be controlled by the angle of incidence with respect to the surface normal [see the dotted ellipse in Fig. 3(b)]. Figure 3(a) shows corresponding individual measured spectra taken with a home-built setup that has an opening angle of the light impinging on ...
... band of the woodpile, a condition that can be controlled by the angle of incidence with respect to the surface normal [see the dotted ellipse in Fig. 3(b)]. Figure 3(a) shows corresponding individual measured spectra taken with a home-built setup that has an opening angle of the light impinging on ...
field in the focal region of high-numerical aperture systems
... limit the field exhibits a phase discontinuity of an amount π/2 at each focal line [32,33]. Geometrical optics is governed by the eikonal equation, the actual wave field however, satisfies the Helmholtz equation. The solutions of the latter are well known to be continuous. Hence, according to physical ...
... limit the field exhibits a phase discontinuity of an amount π/2 at each focal line [32,33]. Geometrical optics is governed by the eikonal equation, the actual wave field however, satisfies the Helmholtz equation. The solutions of the latter are well known to be continuous. Hence, according to physical ...
Wavefront retrieval of amplified femtosecond
... 2. Theoretical background SHG is nowadays a very useful technique to access new wavelength ranges with the available laser sources. An efficient SHG process can be achieved only in media having a large value of the second-order susceptibility and, moreover, certain conditions over the wave vectors o ...
... 2. Theoretical background SHG is nowadays a very useful technique to access new wavelength ranges with the available laser sources. An efficient SHG process can be achieved only in media having a large value of the second-order susceptibility and, moreover, certain conditions over the wave vectors o ...
Antonio Rizzo
... MFISHG2), and the related circular intensity differences (CIDs) in chiral samples, will be discussed. The phenomenon, never having been explored experimentally to date, is related to special nonlinear mixed electric and magnetic frequency dependent responses, conveniently computed nowadays employing ...
... MFISHG2), and the related circular intensity differences (CIDs) in chiral samples, will be discussed. The phenomenon, never having been explored experimentally to date, is related to special nonlinear mixed electric and magnetic frequency dependent responses, conveniently computed nowadays employing ...
Phase-preserving chirped-pulse optical parametric amplification to
... FastLite) amplified in the CPOPA, and recompressed in a prism compressor. The CPOPA was pumped by the frequency-doubled output from a modified commercial Ti:sapphire regenerative amplif ier system (Spitfire, Positive Light). Seeding the Spitf ire amplif ier with part of the output from the oscillato ...
... FastLite) amplified in the CPOPA, and recompressed in a prism compressor. The CPOPA was pumped by the frequency-doubled output from a modified commercial Ti:sapphire regenerative amplif ier system (Spitfire, Positive Light). Seeding the Spitf ire amplif ier with part of the output from the oscillato ...
Improvement of the Sorption Performance of Nanosilica
... metal removal due to their good physicochemical properties such as porosity and high surface area. However, they do not lead satisfactory efficiency with respect to weak binding properties (7). Consequently, the modification of porous sorbents by immobilization or incorporation of the functional gro ...
... metal removal due to their good physicochemical properties such as porosity and high surface area. However, they do not lead satisfactory efficiency with respect to weak binding properties (7). Consequently, the modification of porous sorbents by immobilization or incorporation of the functional gro ...
PDF
... suspended in NLCs has been extensively studied allowing for quantitative measurements of their interactions [14,15–17,20–22] and hydrodynamic drag [23]. The anisotropic elasticity of NLCs can orient and levitate non-spherical colloids, which can be controlled via particle shape [18] or external fiel ...
... suspended in NLCs has been extensively studied allowing for quantitative measurements of their interactions [14,15–17,20–22] and hydrodynamic drag [23]. The anisotropic elasticity of NLCs can orient and levitate non-spherical colloids, which can be controlled via particle shape [18] or external fiel ...
Critical Assessment of the Formation of Ionic-Liquid - PATh
... (bio)molecules in ATPS is a direct result of their equilibration and selective distribution between the two distinct aqueous phases.2 In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) emerged as potential and alternative replacements for ordinary organic solvents, due to their negligible vapor pressures, general ...
... (bio)molecules in ATPS is a direct result of their equilibration and selective distribution between the two distinct aqueous phases.2 In recent years, ionic liquids (ILs) emerged as potential and alternative replacements for ordinary organic solvents, due to their negligible vapor pressures, general ...
Light–matter interaction induces a single positive vortex with swirling
... parallel planar interfaces, a glass plate and a slab of the transparent photoconductor Bi12 SiO20 (BSO), 25 × 25 mm2 , thickness 1 mm. The interior surfaces are treated to obtain the homeotropic anchoring of the LC, that is, with the nematic director orthogonal to the confining walls (cf. figure 1b) ...
... parallel planar interfaces, a glass plate and a slab of the transparent photoconductor Bi12 SiO20 (BSO), 25 × 25 mm2 , thickness 1 mm. The interior surfaces are treated to obtain the homeotropic anchoring of the LC, that is, with the nematic director orthogonal to the confining walls (cf. figure 1b) ...
Chapter 9: Non-aqueous media
... A protic solvent undergoes self-ionization (see Section 7.2) to provide protons which are solvated. If it undergoes selfionization, an aprotic solvent does so without the formation of protons. ...
... A protic solvent undergoes self-ionization (see Section 7.2) to provide protons which are solvated. If it undergoes selfionization, an aprotic solvent does so without the formation of protons. ...
Optical properties of metals and alloys
... Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. For more information, please ...
... Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Iowa State University. For more information, please ...
EFFECTS OF THE CHANGES IN SLOPE OCCURRING ON
... minerals depends upon many factors, including the slope of the solidus path for the mineral. If the solidus path is steep the compositions of successive zones change only slightly even in large temperature intervals, but if the slope is gentle a wide range of zoning can be developed in a small tempe ...
... minerals depends upon many factors, including the slope of the solidus path for the mineral. If the solidus path is steep the compositions of successive zones change only slightly even in large temperature intervals, but if the slope is gentle a wide range of zoning can be developed in a small tempe ...
Phase Stability of the Earth-Abundant Tin
... issues associated with phase mixing and separation across interfaces.51 The following results, obtained from PBEsol-DFT calculations, formally represent values at 0 K and do not ...
... issues associated with phase mixing and separation across interfaces.51 The following results, obtained from PBEsol-DFT calculations, formally represent values at 0 K and do not ...
Freezing and Melting Transitions under Mesoscalic Confinement
... which a spherically shaped crystal seed can be nucleated, can be estimated from the condition that, at this temperature, the channel is able to accommodate a nucleus of the critical size.1 The nucleation process is effective at sufficiently low temperatures only, i.e., it requires a significant degree o ...
... which a spherically shaped crystal seed can be nucleated, can be estimated from the condition that, at this temperature, the channel is able to accommodate a nucleus of the critical size.1 The nucleation process is effective at sufficiently low temperatures only, i.e., it requires a significant degree o ...
Liquid-crystal photonic applications
... symmetry and is therefore called achiral. The structure of chiral molecules is not planar but has different functional groups above and below the plane. Depending on the arrangement of the groups with respect to each other, two configurations (enantiomers) are possible. Enantiomers typically have id ...
... symmetry and is therefore called achiral. The structure of chiral molecules is not planar but has different functional groups above and below the plane. Depending on the arrangement of the groups with respect to each other, two configurations (enantiomers) are possible. Enantiomers typically have id ...
Fulltext
... clear that the phase transition in lipid bilayers involves a cooperative structural change from a state in which the lipids are closely packed and chains fully extended, to a state in which a large fraction of molecules exhibit as many gauche rotations per molecuIet1~2). Cholesterol is recognized as ...
... clear that the phase transition in lipid bilayers involves a cooperative structural change from a state in which the lipids are closely packed and chains fully extended, to a state in which a large fraction of molecules exhibit as many gauche rotations per molecuIet1~2). Cholesterol is recognized as ...
Monte Carlo Calculations for Alcohols and Their Mixtures with
... fields.25-28 Saturated alkanes were the main focus in the first three papers in this series, and a computational efficient unitedatom force field (TraPPE-UA) was developed for linear and branched alkanes.25,26 In addition, united-atom parameters were determined for alkenes and alkylbenzenes.28 The p ...
... fields.25-28 Saturated alkanes were the main focus in the first three papers in this series, and a computational efficient unitedatom force field (TraPPE-UA) was developed for linear and branched alkanes.25,26 In addition, united-atom parameters were determined for alkenes and alkylbenzenes.28 The p ...
THE THEORY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN A CRYSTAL IN
... where bi are the reciprocal lattice constants. The ground state of the crystal '11°, as is well known, must be real and positive. Therefore Tm'lt0 = '11°. An exciton state must satisfy the relation ( 6 ), in which the quantum number f should be identified with k, for, by definition, an exciton state ...
... where bi are the reciprocal lattice constants. The ground state of the crystal '11°, as is well known, must be real and positive. Therefore Tm'lt0 = '11°. An exciton state must satisfy the relation ( 6 ), in which the quantum number f should be identified with k, for, by definition, an exciton state ...
Liquid crystal
Liquid crystals (LCs) are matter in a state that has properties between those of conventional liquid and those of solid crystal. For instance, a liquid crystal may flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a crystal-like way. There are many different types of liquid-crystal phases, which can be distinguished by their different optical properties (such as birefringence). When viewed under a microscope using a polarized light source, different liquid crystal phases will appear to have distinct textures. The contrasting areas in the textures correspond to domains where the liquid-crystal molecules are oriented in different directions. Within a domain, however, the molecules are well ordered. LC materials may not always be in a liquid-crystal phase (just as water may turn into ice or steam).Liquid crystals can be divided into thermotropic, lyotropic and metallotropic phases. Thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals consist of organic molecules. Thermotropic LCs exhibit a phase transition into the liquid-crystal phase as temperature is changed. Lyotropic LCs exhibit phase transitions as a function of both temperature and concentration of the liquid-crystal molecules in a solvent (typically water). Metallotropic LCs are composed of both organic and inorganic molecules; their liquid-crystal transition depends not only on temperature and concentration, but also on the inorganic-organic composition ratio.Examples of liquid crystals can be found both in the natural world and in technological applications. Most contemporary electronic displays use liquid crystals. Lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases are abundant in living systems. For example, many proteins and cell membranes are liquid crystals. Other well-known examples of liquid crystals are solutions of soap and various related detergents, as well as the tobacco mosaic virus.