Migration of giant planets in planetesimal discs
... rate depends on the disc mass and on its time evolution. Planets that are embedded in longlived planetesimal discs, having total mass of 1024 – 0:01 M( , can migrate inward a large distance and can survive only if the inner disc is truncated or as a result of tidal interaction with the star. In this ...
... rate depends on the disc mass and on its time evolution. Planets that are embedded in longlived planetesimal discs, having total mass of 1024 – 0:01 M( , can migrate inward a large distance and can survive only if the inner disc is truncated or as a result of tidal interaction with the star. In this ...
12_Testbank
... 4) Explain how astronomers determine the size of an asteroid without resolving it. Answer: The brightness of an asteroid depends on its size, distance, and reflectivity. The brightness can be measured using a telescope, the distance is known from its orbit, and the reflectivity can be measured by c ...
... 4) Explain how astronomers determine the size of an asteroid without resolving it. Answer: The brightness of an asteroid depends on its size, distance, and reflectivity. The brightness can be measured using a telescope, the distance is known from its orbit, and the reflectivity can be measured by c ...
Uranus - Our Lady of Consolation National School
... The giant planets have diameters greater than 48000kg. The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants. Uranus has been visited by only one spacecraft, Voyager 2 on Jan 24 1986. Uranus is a giant gas planet which is made up of mostly rock and various ices. Uranus spins differently fro ...
... The giant planets have diameters greater than 48000kg. The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants. Uranus has been visited by only one spacecraft, Voyager 2 on Jan 24 1986. Uranus is a giant gas planet which is made up of mostly rock and various ices. Uranus spins differently fro ...
Event Booklet - Exoplanets I Conference
... and Kp = 12.7 mag. Stellar spectroscopy provides precise stellar and planetary parameters for most of these systems. We show that K2 has increased by 50% the number of small planets known to orbit moderately bright stars (1–4 Re, J = 8–12 mag). Of particular interest are 37 planets smaller than 2 Re ...
... and Kp = 12.7 mag. Stellar spectroscopy provides precise stellar and planetary parameters for most of these systems. We show that K2 has increased by 50% the number of small planets known to orbit moderately bright stars (1–4 Re, J = 8–12 mag). Of particular interest are 37 planets smaller than 2 Re ...
Asteroids, Comets, and Dwarf Planets Their Nature, Orbits, and
... 4) Explain how astronomers determine the size of an asteroid without resolving it. Answer: The brightness of an asteroid depends on its size, distance, and reflectivity. The brightness can be measured using a telescope, the distance is known from its orbit, and the reflectivity can be measured by c ...
... 4) Explain how astronomers determine the size of an asteroid without resolving it. Answer: The brightness of an asteroid depends on its size, distance, and reflectivity. The brightness can be measured using a telescope, the distance is known from its orbit, and the reflectivity can be measured by c ...
The Solar System Beyond The Planets
... Pluto and he and many others assumed that it was the massive object predicted by Lowell (Tombaugh, 1961). Doubts about the correctness of this assumption were raised almost immediately, with the realization that the likely mass of Pluto was too small to measurably perturb Uranus or Neptune. Still, t ...
... Pluto and he and many others assumed that it was the massive object predicted by Lowell (Tombaugh, 1961). Doubts about the correctness of this assumption were raised almost immediately, with the realization that the likely mass of Pluto was too small to measurably perturb Uranus or Neptune. Still, t ...
teach with space
... exert the same gravitational force of attraction on each other, and both of their trajectories will be affected by this gravitational force. This means that if we are considering a system of two bodies, for example the Earth and the Moon, it is not the Moon that orbits the Earth – both the Earth and ...
... exert the same gravitational force of attraction on each other, and both of their trajectories will be affected by this gravitational force. This means that if we are considering a system of two bodies, for example the Earth and the Moon, it is not the Moon that orbits the Earth – both the Earth and ...
CHP 24
... d. Triton and Nereid may both have suffered major impacts that radically changed their orbits. e. Triton and Nereid should both have relatively strong magnetic fields. The particles in the rings of Uranus and Neptune are very dark. They may have become dark due to a. collisions with small icy partic ...
... d. Triton and Nereid may both have suffered major impacts that radically changed their orbits. e. Triton and Nereid should both have relatively strong magnetic fields. The particles in the rings of Uranus and Neptune are very dark. They may have become dark due to a. collisions with small icy partic ...
Moon Search Algorithms for NASA`s Dawn
... body to be considered a planet it has to orbit the Sun, have enough gravity to form a spherical shape and enough mass to clear its neighborhood of debris [17]. In other words, it should be the dominant gravitational body in its orbit. Any object, like Pluto, that meets the first two requirements but ...
... body to be considered a planet it has to orbit the Sun, have enough gravity to form a spherical shape and enough mass to clear its neighborhood of debris [17]. In other words, it should be the dominant gravitational body in its orbit. Any object, like Pluto, that meets the first two requirements but ...
Darwin – A Mission to Detect, and Search for Life on, Extrasolar
... Macromolecules appear to be an excellent choice for information storage, replication, and evolution in a natural environment. Specifically, carbon chemistry is by far the richest and most flexible chemistry. The need for rapid reaction rates between macromolecules argues for a liquid solution mediu ...
... Macromolecules appear to be an excellent choice for information storage, replication, and evolution in a natural environment. Specifically, carbon chemistry is by far the richest and most flexible chemistry. The need for rapid reaction rates between macromolecules argues for a liquid solution mediu ...
Formation of Exomoons: A Solar System Perspective
... of the host planet, one can begin to deduce basic information about how the moon may have formed. The effect of an exomoon (or moons) on the behavior of a transiting planet is strongly dependent on the satellite-to-planet mass ratio [41–44], so systems with a single large satellite are the most like ...
... of the host planet, one can begin to deduce basic information about how the moon may have formed. The effect of an exomoon (or moons) on the behavior of a transiting planet is strongly dependent on the satellite-to-planet mass ratio [41–44], so systems with a single large satellite are the most like ...
Age aspects of habitability - Cambridge University Press
... to have been lost through catastrophic impacts about 4 Ga (e.g., Melosh & Vickery 1989, Webster et al. 2013). Evidence of a heavy bombardment in other exoplanet systems exists: collision-induced hot dust was detected in several young planetary systems. Spectral signatures of warm water- and carbon-r ...
... to have been lost through catastrophic impacts about 4 Ga (e.g., Melosh & Vickery 1989, Webster et al. 2013). Evidence of a heavy bombardment in other exoplanet systems exists: collision-induced hot dust was detected in several young planetary systems. Spectral signatures of warm water- and carbon-r ...
View PDF
... is a carbon planet. But we can begin to understand the appearance of a Neptune-mass carbon planet by investigating a Neptune-mass planet with a large atmospheric C/O ratio. We explored the equilibrium chemistry of a Neptune-mass planet’s atmosphere using a Gibbs free energy minimization chemical equ ...
... is a carbon planet. But we can begin to understand the appearance of a Neptune-mass carbon planet by investigating a Neptune-mass planet with a large atmospheric C/O ratio. We explored the equilibrium chemistry of a Neptune-mass planet’s atmosphere using a Gibbs free energy minimization chemical equ ...
KS1 Education Guide - Immersive Theatres
... planets revolve, from which they receive heat and light, which is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium Moon – the earth's natural satellite that shines by reflecting light from the sun and revolves about the earth in about 29½ days Gravity – a force of attraction between particles or bodies that o ...
... planets revolve, from which they receive heat and light, which is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium Moon – the earth's natural satellite that shines by reflecting light from the sun and revolves about the earth in about 29½ days Gravity – a force of attraction between particles or bodies that o ...
Lecture13
... • Pluto’s orbit and composition is very different from the other outer planets • Pluto resembles the moons rather than the planets • The presence of Charon is puzzling • Some astronomers speculate that the strange orbits of Pluto, Charon, Nereid, and Triton are the result of violent collisions durin ...
... • Pluto’s orbit and composition is very different from the other outer planets • Pluto resembles the moons rather than the planets • The presence of Charon is puzzling • Some astronomers speculate that the strange orbits of Pluto, Charon, Nereid, and Triton are the result of violent collisions durin ...
Rings, Moons, and Pluto The Jupiter System The Orbits of Jupiter`s
... • Pluto is different from the other planets • Pluto’s orbit and composition is very different from the other outer planets • Pluto resembles the moons rather than the planets • The presence of Charon is puzzling • Some astronomers speculate that the strange orbits of Pluto, Charon, Nereid, and Trito ...
... • Pluto is different from the other planets • Pluto’s orbit and composition is very different from the other outer planets • Pluto resembles the moons rather than the planets • The presence of Charon is puzzling • Some astronomers speculate that the strange orbits of Pluto, Charon, Nereid, and Trito ...
Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of a Candidate Companion Below
... data (Currie et al. 2012b, 2013a). As we later found, Ratzka et al. (2005) identified the same 3rd member as a point source from speckle imaging data obtained in 2001. Although they did not estimate the object’s mass, their K-band flux ratio (0.002 ± 0.001) implied a mass below the deuterium-burning ...
... data (Currie et al. 2012b, 2013a). As we later found, Ratzka et al. (2005) identified the same 3rd member as a point source from speckle imaging data obtained in 2001. Although they did not estimate the object’s mass, their K-band flux ratio (0.002 ± 0.001) implied a mass below the deuterium-burning ...
The Story of Planet Building
... Building Task: Create a book that illustrates the story of how our solar system formed. Guidelines & Expectations ___/2 pts.-Title page that includes a title and your name ___/2 pts.- Minimum of 8 pages ___/6 pts.- Book is in correct chronological order ___/6 pts.- All significant steps in the forma ...
... Building Task: Create a book that illustrates the story of how our solar system formed. Guidelines & Expectations ___/2 pts.-Title page that includes a title and your name ___/2 pts.- Minimum of 8 pages ___/6 pts.- Book is in correct chronological order ___/6 pts.- All significant steps in the forma ...
Terrestrial planet formation in exoplanetary systems with a giant
... The eccentricity stirring and the increase in the relative velocity caused by the incoming giant planet would perturb a population of Moon–size planetary embryos whose gravitational binding energy in collisions would overcome the escape energy. Each collision would lead to accumulation and the plane ...
... The eccentricity stirring and the increase in the relative velocity caused by the incoming giant planet would perturb a population of Moon–size planetary embryos whose gravitational binding energy in collisions would overcome the escape energy. Each collision would lead to accumulation and the plane ...
Planetary Formation - Scholarly Commons @ Ouachita
... the outer solar nebula and lasted only a few thousand years. Once the rotation had passed completely from inner to outer solar nebula, the planets formed (Kaufmann, Planets 11). After the protosun formed, the temperatures in the solar nebula began to drop and materials began to solidify. ...
... the outer solar nebula and lasted only a few thousand years. Once the rotation had passed completely from inner to outer solar nebula, the planets formed (Kaufmann, Planets 11). After the protosun formed, the temperatures in the solar nebula began to drop and materials began to solidify. ...
Origin of the orbital architecture of the giant planets of the Solar
... The sudden jump in the eccentricities of Jupiter and Saturn described above has a drastic effect on the planetary system as a whole, as shown in Fig. 1. The secular perturbations that Jupiter and Saturn exert on Uranus and Neptune force the eccentricities of the ice giants to increase by an amount t ...
... The sudden jump in the eccentricities of Jupiter and Saturn described above has a drastic effect on the planetary system as a whole, as shown in Fig. 1. The secular perturbations that Jupiter and Saturn exert on Uranus and Neptune force the eccentricities of the ice giants to increase by an amount t ...
The Stability of Exomoons in the Habitable Zone
... conditions must then be upheld for quite some time to allow potential life to arise, meaning the orbit of the body must be fairly stable. In this investigation, all the objects at exoplanets.org (as of 2014-04-29) were evaluated to see which of these that could possibly have habitable moons, taking ...
... conditions must then be upheld for quite some time to allow potential life to arise, meaning the orbit of the body must be fairly stable. In this investigation, all the objects at exoplanets.org (as of 2014-04-29) were evaluated to see which of these that could possibly have habitable moons, taking ...
Homework #3, AST 203, Spring 2010
... General grading rules: One point off per question (e.g., 1a or 1b) for egregiously ignoring the admonition to set the context of your solution. Thus take the point off if relevant symbols aren’t defined, if important steps of explanation are missing, etc. If the answer is written down without *any* ...
... General grading rules: One point off per question (e.g., 1a or 1b) for egregiously ignoring the admonition to set the context of your solution. Thus take the point off if relevant symbols aren’t defined, if important steps of explanation are missing, etc. If the answer is written down without *any* ...
1. INTRODUCTION
... 1997 ; Halbwachs et al. 1999 ; Udry et al. 2000). This paucity of brown dwarf companions renders the planet candidates distinguishable by their high occurrence at low masses : 17 of the 22 have M sin i \ 0.4È4 M (cf. Fig. 6, Butler & JUP Marcy 1997 ; Marcy et al. 2000). The planet candidates detecte ...
... 1997 ; Halbwachs et al. 1999 ; Udry et al. 2000). This paucity of brown dwarf companions renders the planet candidates distinguishable by their high occurrence at low masses : 17 of the 22 have M sin i \ 0.4È4 M (cf. Fig. 6, Butler & JUP Marcy 1997 ; Marcy et al. 2000). The planet candidates detecte ...
Dwarf planet
A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that is neither a planet nor a natural satellite. That is, it is in direct orbit of the Sun, and is massive enough for its shape to be in hydrostatic equilibrium under its own gravity, but has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.The term dwarf planet was adopted in 2006 as part of a three-way categorization of bodies orbiting the Sun, brought about by an increase in discoveries of objects farther away from the Sun than Neptune that rivaled Pluto in size, and finally precipitated by the discovery of an even more massive object, Eris. The exclusion of dwarf planets from the roster of planets by the IAU has been both praised and criticized; it was said to be the ""right decision"" by astronomer Mike Brown, who discovered Eris and other new dwarf planets, but has been rejected by Alan Stern, who had coined the term dwarf planet in 1990.The International Astronomical Union (IAU) currently recognizes five dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris. Brown criticizes this official recognition: ""A reasonable person might think that this means that there are five known objects in the solar system which fit the IAU definition of dwarf planet, but this reasonable person would be nowhere close to correct.""It is suspected that another hundred or so known objects in the Solar System are dwarf planets. Estimates are that up to 200 dwarf planets may be found when the entire region known as the Kuiper belt is explored, and that the number may exceed 10,000 when objects scattered outside the Kuiper belt are considered. Individual astronomers recognize several of these, and in August 2011 Mike Brown published a list of 390 candidate objects, ranging from ""nearly certain"" to ""possible"" dwarf planets. Brown currently identifies eleven known objects – the five accepted by the IAU plus 2007 OR10, Quaoar, Sedna, Orcus, 2002 MS4 and Salacia – as ""virtually certain"", with another dozen highly likely. Stern states that there are more than a dozen known dwarf planets.However, only two of these bodies, Ceres and Pluto, have been observed in enough detail to demonstrate that they actually fit the IAU's definition. The IAU accepted Eris as a dwarf planet because it is more massive than Pluto. They subsequently decided that unnamed trans-Neptunian objects with an absolute magnitude brighter than +1 (and hence a diameter of ≥838 km assuming a geometric albedo of ≤1) are to be named under the assumption that they are dwarf planets. The only two such objects known at the time, Makemake and Haumea, went through this naming procedure and were declared to be dwarf planets. The question of whether other likely objects are dwarf planets has never been addressed by the IAU. The classification of bodies in other planetary systems with the characteristics of dwarf planets has not been addressed.