Earth Venus Mars Mercury - Me=darwah
... Moon of Uranus It is subject to an extreme seasonal cycle. Both northern and southern poles spend 42 years in a complete darkness, and another 42 years in continuous sunlight. ...
... Moon of Uranus It is subject to an extreme seasonal cycle. Both northern and southern poles spend 42 years in a complete darkness, and another 42 years in continuous sunlight. ...
Harmonic Resonances of Planet and Moon Orbits
... to be universally applicable, to the planets of our solar system, planetary moon systems, Saturn-like ring systems, and stellar exo-planetary systems. A novel approach of this study is the interpretation of harmonic orbit resonances in terms of a selforganization system (not to be confused with self ...
... to be universally applicable, to the planets of our solar system, planetary moon systems, Saturn-like ring systems, and stellar exo-planetary systems. A novel approach of this study is the interpretation of harmonic orbit resonances in terms of a selforganization system (not to be confused with self ...
Making the Terrestrial Planets: N-Body Integrations of Planetary
... Recent improvements in the performance of computer workstations, and the development of a new N-body algorithm, now make it possible to carry out N-body integrations, in three dimensions, of several tens of gravitationally interacting bodies for the p108 orbits necessary to form the cores of the inn ...
... Recent improvements in the performance of computer workstations, and the development of a new N-body algorithm, now make it possible to carry out N-body integrations, in three dimensions, of several tens of gravitationally interacting bodies for the p108 orbits necessary to form the cores of the inn ...
Looking for planets with SPHERE in planetary systems with double
... Large rocks, that are poorly coupled to the gas, are affected by a similar phenomenon. In this case the aerodynamic forces exerted by the gas component can be regarded as perturbations to the orbital motion of the solid body, which orbits the star with azimuthal velocity that is close to the Kepleri ...
... Large rocks, that are poorly coupled to the gas, are affected by a similar phenomenon. In this case the aerodynamic forces exerted by the gas component can be regarded as perturbations to the orbital motion of the solid body, which orbits the star with azimuthal velocity that is close to the Kepleri ...
Bez nadpisu
... to the luminosity of the system than afterward, when it is exhausted. The heights of the maxima in the pre-outburst state are different because we view the region where the stream and the outer parts of the disk interact from different angles. On the other hand, the depths of the minima are differen ...
... to the luminosity of the system than afterward, when it is exhausted. The heights of the maxima in the pre-outburst state are different because we view the region where the stream and the outer parts of the disk interact from different angles. On the other hand, the depths of the minima are differen ...
The Neptune Trojans: a window on the birth of the solar system
... orbital stability located 60° ahead and behind the planet in its orbit, respectively), orbiting the Sun with periods approximately equal to that of the giant planet. Any that leave the Trojan clouds (perhaps nudged through collisions, or perturbed by the distant gravitational influence of other plan ...
... orbital stability located 60° ahead and behind the planet in its orbit, respectively), orbiting the Sun with periods approximately equal to that of the giant planet. Any that leave the Trojan clouds (perhaps nudged through collisions, or perturbed by the distant gravitational influence of other plan ...
Package `moonsun`
... If y is given (y should contain the same row number than x) and the return value is a vector of distances between the subsequent corresponding rows (for example distance between Moon and Sun for some days ahead). Author(s) ...
... If y is given (y should contain the same row number than x) and the return value is a vector of distances between the subsequent corresponding rows (for example distance between Moon and Sun for some days ahead). Author(s) ...
Other Planetary Systems
... exert on the stars they orbit. This type of detection is indirect because we discover the planets by observing their stars without actually seeing the planets themselves. Although we usually think of a star as remaining still while planets orbit around it, that is only approximately correct. In real ...
... exert on the stars they orbit. This type of detection is indirect because we discover the planets by observing their stars without actually seeing the planets themselves. Although we usually think of a star as remaining still while planets orbit around it, that is only approximately correct. In real ...
Water ice lines and the formation of giant moons around super
... habitable moons. Here we simulate the accretion disks around super-Jovian planets and find that giant moons with masses similar to Mars can form. Our results suggest that the Galilean moons formed during the final stages of accretion onto Jupiter, when the circumjovian disk was sufficiently cool. In ...
... habitable moons. Here we simulate the accretion disks around super-Jovian planets and find that giant moons with masses similar to Mars can form. Our results suggest that the Galilean moons formed during the final stages of accretion onto Jupiter, when the circumjovian disk was sufficiently cool. In ...
The white dwarf population within 40 pc of the Sun
... White dwarfs are the most common stellar evolutionary endpoint (Althaus et al. 2010). Actually, all stars with masses smaller than ∼ 10 M⊙ will end their lives as white dwarfs (Garcı́a-Berro et al. 1997; Poelarends et al. 2008). Hence, given the shape of the initial mass function, the local populati ...
... White dwarfs are the most common stellar evolutionary endpoint (Althaus et al. 2010). Actually, all stars with masses smaller than ∼ 10 M⊙ will end their lives as white dwarfs (Garcı́a-Berro et al. 1997; Poelarends et al. 2008). Hence, given the shape of the initial mass function, the local populati ...
The populations of comet-like bodies in the Solar system
... an orbital period in excess of 350 yr, and also by recent discoveries such as asteroid 2002 RP120 with a period of about 420 yr. Centaurs are conventionally defined as asteroids or cometary nuclei circulating largely between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune and usually crossing the orbit of at leas ...
... an orbital period in excess of 350 yr, and also by recent discoveries such as asteroid 2002 RP120 with a period of about 420 yr. Centaurs are conventionally defined as asteroids or cometary nuclei circulating largely between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune and usually crossing the orbit of at leas ...
Formation of the Kuiper Belt by Long Time
... sweeping mechanism. She introduced an artificial ‘drag’ force on the planet to drive its smooth radial migration. As Neptune migrated outwards, its MMRs swept through the original KB and many small objects were captured and locked in these resonances (primarily the 3:2 and 2:1 resonances). Malhotra’ ...
... sweeping mechanism. She introduced an artificial ‘drag’ force on the planet to drive its smooth radial migration. As Neptune migrated outwards, its MMRs swept through the original KB and many small objects were captured and locked in these resonances (primarily the 3:2 and 2:1 resonances). Malhotra’ ...
Ch. 13
... Very similar to Saturn’s medium-sized moons, except that all are much less reflective. Umbriel is the darkest: ...
... Very similar to Saturn’s medium-sized moons, except that all are much less reflective. Umbriel is the darkest: ...
Planet formation
... Snow line: 2.7 AU from the Sun, temperatures are low enough that molecules appear in the form of icy grains, and dust grains have sufficiently low temperatures to capture ice molecules in their mantles. The Snow line is crucial for the planet formation process, as ice-covered grains are suggested to ...
... Snow line: 2.7 AU from the Sun, temperatures are low enough that molecules appear in the form of icy grains, and dust grains have sufficiently low temperatures to capture ice molecules in their mantles. The Snow line is crucial for the planet formation process, as ice-covered grains are suggested to ...
Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler (Lissauer et al. 2014)
... The transit depth yields the ratio of the planetary radius to the stellar radius, and the repetition rate of transits tells us the planet’s orbital period. The stellar colours — or, better yet, stellar spectrum — can be used to deduce the star’s radius and mass, and from these we can find the planet ...
... The transit depth yields the ratio of the planetary radius to the stellar radius, and the repetition rate of transits tells us the planet’s orbital period. The stellar colours — or, better yet, stellar spectrum — can be used to deduce the star’s radius and mass, and from these we can find the planet ...
Voyage of Discovery - MESSENGER Education
... The sun is many thousands of times closer to the earth than any other star. Light from the sun takes a few minutes to reach the earth, but light from the next nearest star takes a few years to arrive. The trip to that star would take the fastest rocket thousands of years. Some distant galaxies are s ...
... The sun is many thousands of times closer to the earth than any other star. Light from the sun takes a few minutes to reach the earth, but light from the next nearest star takes a few years to arrive. The trip to that star would take the fastest rocket thousands of years. Some distant galaxies are s ...
Article PDF - IOPscience
... Neptune and other hypothetical massive planetary embryos or of its temporary capture in a resonance with one of the other planets, although these scenarios have never been quantitatively simulated. In this section we investigate the effects that an eccentric Neptune would have on the formation of th ...
... Neptune and other hypothetical massive planetary embryos or of its temporary capture in a resonance with one of the other planets, although these scenarios have never been quantitatively simulated. In this section we investigate the effects that an eccentric Neptune would have on the formation of th ...
allowed planetary orbits
... extrasolar system. We have investigated a successive numbering and suggested a Schmidtlike formula in the planets and the Jovian moons. We have introduced some new functions (called ``normalized parameters") of usual parameters of extrasolar systems in chapter 4. One pair of these parameters exhibit ...
... extrasolar system. We have investigated a successive numbering and suggested a Schmidtlike formula in the planets and the Jovian moons. We have introduced some new functions (called ``normalized parameters") of usual parameters of extrasolar systems in chapter 4. One pair of these parameters exhibit ...
Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler
... for both small (Demory 2014) and large planets (Angerhausen et al. 2014), with most (hot) giant planets having low albedo. Planets in multiple systems perturb one another through their mutual gravity, causing their orbits to deviate from strict periodicity. These deviations lead to transit timing va ...
... for both small (Demory 2014) and large planets (Angerhausen et al. 2014), with most (hot) giant planets having low albedo. Planets in multiple systems perturb one another through their mutual gravity, causing their orbits to deviate from strict periodicity. These deviations lead to transit timing va ...
The Habitability of Planets Orbiting M
... orbiting other stars1 . Many of these planets are especially captivating because of their orbital distances, which place them in their stars’ canonical habitable zone—the region around a star where an orbiting planet with an Earth-like atmosphere (CO2 -H2 O-N2 ) could maintain water in liquid form o ...
... orbiting other stars1 . Many of these planets are especially captivating because of their orbital distances, which place them in their stars’ canonical habitable zone—the region around a star where an orbiting planet with an Earth-like atmosphere (CO2 -H2 O-N2 ) could maintain water in liquid form o ...
Formation, Habitability, and Detection of Extrasolar Moons
... the imagination of scientists and the public related to their possibility of being habitats for extrasolar life (Reynolds et al., 1987; Williams et al., 1997; Heller and Barnes, 2013). This idea has its roots in certain Solar System moons, which may—at least temporarily and locally—provide environme ...
... the imagination of scientists and the public related to their possibility of being habitats for extrasolar life (Reynolds et al., 1987; Williams et al., 1997; Heller and Barnes, 2013). This idea has its roots in certain Solar System moons, which may—at least temporarily and locally—provide environme ...
Compartive Planetology I: Our Solar. System
... vian planets would be futile, because the materials of which these planets are made are mostly gaseous or liquid. The visible “surface” features of a Jovian planet are actually cloud forma— tions in the planet’s atmosphere. The photographs in Figure 7-2 show the distinctive appearances of the two cl ...
... vian planets would be futile, because the materials of which these planets are made are mostly gaseous or liquid. The visible “surface” features of a Jovian planet are actually cloud forma— tions in the planet’s atmosphere. The photographs in Figure 7-2 show the distinctive appearances of the two cl ...
Extrasolar Cosmochemistry
... We now consider the amount of mass required in our standard model; we argue that minor planets such as asteroids are the dominant source for the pollution of white dwarf atmospheres, although there might be instances in which tidal disruption and accretion of an entire planet the size of Mars has oc ...
... We now consider the amount of mass required in our standard model; we argue that minor planets such as asteroids are the dominant source for the pollution of white dwarf atmospheres, although there might be instances in which tidal disruption and accretion of an entire planet the size of Mars has oc ...
Dwarf planet
A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that is neither a planet nor a natural satellite. That is, it is in direct orbit of the Sun, and is massive enough for its shape to be in hydrostatic equilibrium under its own gravity, but has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.The term dwarf planet was adopted in 2006 as part of a three-way categorization of bodies orbiting the Sun, brought about by an increase in discoveries of objects farther away from the Sun than Neptune that rivaled Pluto in size, and finally precipitated by the discovery of an even more massive object, Eris. The exclusion of dwarf planets from the roster of planets by the IAU has been both praised and criticized; it was said to be the ""right decision"" by astronomer Mike Brown, who discovered Eris and other new dwarf planets, but has been rejected by Alan Stern, who had coined the term dwarf planet in 1990.The International Astronomical Union (IAU) currently recognizes five dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris. Brown criticizes this official recognition: ""A reasonable person might think that this means that there are five known objects in the solar system which fit the IAU definition of dwarf planet, but this reasonable person would be nowhere close to correct.""It is suspected that another hundred or so known objects in the Solar System are dwarf planets. Estimates are that up to 200 dwarf planets may be found when the entire region known as the Kuiper belt is explored, and that the number may exceed 10,000 when objects scattered outside the Kuiper belt are considered. Individual astronomers recognize several of these, and in August 2011 Mike Brown published a list of 390 candidate objects, ranging from ""nearly certain"" to ""possible"" dwarf planets. Brown currently identifies eleven known objects – the five accepted by the IAU plus 2007 OR10, Quaoar, Sedna, Orcus, 2002 MS4 and Salacia – as ""virtually certain"", with another dozen highly likely. Stern states that there are more than a dozen known dwarf planets.However, only two of these bodies, Ceres and Pluto, have been observed in enough detail to demonstrate that they actually fit the IAU's definition. The IAU accepted Eris as a dwarf planet because it is more massive than Pluto. They subsequently decided that unnamed trans-Neptunian objects with an absolute magnitude brighter than +1 (and hence a diameter of ≥838 km assuming a geometric albedo of ≤1) are to be named under the assumption that they are dwarf planets. The only two such objects known at the time, Makemake and Haumea, went through this naming procedure and were declared to be dwarf planets. The question of whether other likely objects are dwarf planets has never been addressed by the IAU. The classification of bodies in other planetary systems with the characteristics of dwarf planets has not been addressed.