Mercury`s Rotation Report
... in our solar system being slowed by tidal friction. It does not say that any of the planets have stopped due to this effect. The slowing is the issue being noted and there is no mention here or anywhere else of any planet having already stopped its rotation (or revolution). Though this first sentenc ...
... in our solar system being slowed by tidal friction. It does not say that any of the planets have stopped due to this effect. The slowing is the issue being noted and there is no mention here or anywhere else of any planet having already stopped its rotation (or revolution). Though this first sentenc ...
Planet Formation
... 2. Discovery of the Solar System’s Kuiper Belt 3. Discovery of extrasolar planetary systems …partially confirm earlier ideas, but also point to the unexpected importance of planetary system evolution and reveal a great diversity of planetary ...
... 2. Discovery of the Solar System’s Kuiper Belt 3. Discovery of extrasolar planetary systems …partially confirm earlier ideas, but also point to the unexpected importance of planetary system evolution and reveal a great diversity of planetary ...
A sound nebula: the origin of the Solar System in the field of a
... It consists of trillions of small objects composed of dust and water, ammonia and methane ice and it is believed that these objects were scattered outwards by the gas giants at the planetary formation stage and then acquired distant circular orbits (out to about one light year) as a result of gravi ...
... It consists of trillions of small objects composed of dust and water, ammonia and methane ice and it is believed that these objects were scattered outwards by the gas giants at the planetary formation stage and then acquired distant circular orbits (out to about one light year) as a result of gravi ...
Tidal evolution
... • Torque on satellite is opposite to that on planet • However rates of energy change are not the same (energy lost due to dissipation) • Energy change for rotation is ΓΩ (where Ω is rotation rate and Γ is torque) • Energy change on orbit is Γn where n is mean motion of orbit. • Angular momentum is f ...
... • Torque on satellite is opposite to that on planet • However rates of energy change are not the same (energy lost due to dissipation) • Energy change for rotation is ΓΩ (where Ω is rotation rate and Γ is torque) • Energy change on orbit is Γn where n is mean motion of orbit. • Angular momentum is f ...
Flagship imaging SAG report
... Objective 1: Directly detect terrestrial planets that exist within the habitable zones around nearby stars or, alternatively, observe a large enough sample of nearby systems to show with high confidence that terrestrial planets are not present. Objective 2: Measure or constrain orbital parameters (s ...
... Objective 1: Directly detect terrestrial planets that exist within the habitable zones around nearby stars or, alternatively, observe a large enough sample of nearby systems to show with high confidence that terrestrial planets are not present. Objective 2: Measure or constrain orbital parameters (s ...
Extrasolar Planet Studies:The Italian Contribution
... very similar late-F early-G stars (where the convective envelope is tiny) ...
... very similar late-F early-G stars (where the convective envelope is tiny) ...
Moons, Pluto, and Rings - Wayne State University
... Callisto: Cratered World (2) Callisto seems not to have fully differentiated (separated into layers of different density materials) The details of gravitational pull on the Galileo spacecraft suggest that Callisto lacks a dense core This is surprising to astronomers! All big icy moons are expected ...
... Callisto: Cratered World (2) Callisto seems not to have fully differentiated (separated into layers of different density materials) The details of gravitational pull on the Galileo spacecraft suggest that Callisto lacks a dense core This is surprising to astronomers! All big icy moons are expected ...
Growing the Terrestrial Planets from the Gradual
... In total, we performed 28 simulations to at least 3 Myr, varying fpl between 0.004 and 0.01, and su between 100 to 600 km. For comparison, note that asteroid (1) Ceres has a radius of 476 km. Our small values for fpl were driven by the fact that we wanted to create asteroid belts as close to the obs ...
... In total, we performed 28 simulations to at least 3 Myr, varying fpl between 0.004 and 0.01, and su between 100 to 600 km. For comparison, note that asteroid (1) Ceres has a radius of 476 km. Our small values for fpl were driven by the fact that we wanted to create asteroid belts as close to the obs ...
Resonance Trapping in Protoplanetary Discs
... extrasolar planet around a solar-type star. What was shocking about the detection of this 0.5 MJ planet1 (Mayor & Queloz 1995) was not that it was around a star like our Sun, but that the period of the planet, 51 Pegasi b, was measured to be only four days (for comparison, even Mercury’s period arou ...
... extrasolar planet around a solar-type star. What was shocking about the detection of this 0.5 MJ planet1 (Mayor & Queloz 1995) was not that it was around a star like our Sun, but that the period of the planet, 51 Pegasi b, was measured to be only four days (for comparison, even Mercury’s period arou ...
Ben R. Oppenheimer1,2 and Sasha Hinkley1,2
... (commonly defined as objects below roughly 13 MJ where MJ is the mass of Jupiter; see Side Bar), one need only take a very superficial look at the objects in our solar system to see a vast diversity. Indeed, the giant planets of our solar system are all roughly of the same radius, of nearly the sam ...
... (commonly defined as objects below roughly 13 MJ where MJ is the mass of Jupiter; see Side Bar), one need only take a very superficial look at the objects in our solar system to see a vast diversity. Indeed, the giant planets of our solar system are all roughly of the same radius, of nearly the sam ...
General Astrophysics And Comparative Planetology
... Earth-sized based only on visual observations and an assumed surface reflectance. This estimate was reduced when Pluto’s icy nature was guessed. Finally the Charon-Pluto eclipses during the late 1980s constrained Pluto’s radius to be much smaller—0.18 Earth radii. Sedna is a recently discovered smal ...
... Earth-sized based only on visual observations and an assumed surface reflectance. This estimate was reduced when Pluto’s icy nature was guessed. Finally the Charon-Pluto eclipses during the late 1980s constrained Pluto’s radius to be much smaller—0.18 Earth radii. Sedna is a recently discovered smal ...
Insights into Bode`s Law
... The matters might have stood there if not for the fact that this object was located at the heliocentric distance as predicted by Bode’s Law. Titus and Bode believed that Piazzi had found and then lost the planet. Thus both Titus and Bode make used of the discovery made by Piazzi and embarked on a jo ...
... The matters might have stood there if not for the fact that this object was located at the heliocentric distance as predicted by Bode’s Law. Titus and Bode believed that Piazzi had found and then lost the planet. Thus both Titus and Bode make used of the discovery made by Piazzi and embarked on a jo ...
Exploring Solar Systems Across the Universe
... arcseconds. In other words, detecting the wobble of a star requires being able to see changes in its position of the size of 1.8 millionth the size of a full Moon. The diagram shows what the wobble of the Sun would look like over 30 years (between 1990 and 2020.) (Picture credit: ...
... arcseconds. In other words, detecting the wobble of a star requires being able to see changes in its position of the size of 1.8 millionth the size of a full Moon. The diagram shows what the wobble of the Sun would look like over 30 years (between 1990 and 2020.) (Picture credit: ...
Tidal Evolution of Close-In Extra-Solar Planets
... In a typical case, tidal heating might have begun modest, but then increased as tides reduced a. As the tides became stronger, they would circularize the orbit, which in turn would shut down the tidal heating mechanism. The relative strength and timing of these two effects would determine a planet’s ...
... In a typical case, tidal heating might have begun modest, but then increased as tides reduced a. As the tides became stronger, they would circularize the orbit, which in turn would shut down the tidal heating mechanism. The relative strength and timing of these two effects would determine a planet’s ...
Formation of Giant Planets
... inertia of the body, and this in turn can be related to the degree of central concentration of matter within the planet. In the more rigorous approach used for giant planets, there is no possibility of deriving a moment of inertia, but the gravitational moments are nonetheless constraints on moments ...
... inertia of the body, and this in turn can be related to the degree of central concentration of matter within the planet. In the more rigorous approach used for giant planets, there is no possibility of deriving a moment of inertia, but the gravitational moments are nonetheless constraints on moments ...
Formation of Giant Planets - Lunar and Planetary Institute
... spiral density waves; density waves transport angular momentum that leads to spreading of a disk, lowering its surface density and making it more gravitationally stable. Rapid cooling and/or mass accretion is required to make a disk highly unstable. Thus, long-lived clumps can only be produced in pr ...
... spiral density waves; density waves transport angular momentum that leads to spreading of a disk, lowering its surface density and making it more gravitationally stable. Rapid cooling and/or mass accretion is required to make a disk highly unstable. Thus, long-lived clumps can only be produced in pr ...
ASTRO-114--Lecture 26-
... instruments and we’re able to discover more of the smaller objects. It used to be 1500 years ago you only discovered an asteroid if it were many miles in diameter. Now we’re discovering asteroids the size of this room. And so we’re finding many of the smaller objects that we suspected might’ve exist ...
... instruments and we’re able to discover more of the smaller objects. It used to be 1500 years ago you only discovered an asteroid if it were many miles in diameter. Now we’re discovering asteroids the size of this room. And so we’re finding many of the smaller objects that we suspected might’ve exist ...
Study of Planetary Systems and Solar System Objects with JWST
... dynamical properties is that the cold classical objects appear systematically redder than other objects (color discrimination is discussed further below). Otherwise, the full range of spectral types (red, neutral, featureless, volatile-bearing) seems to be equally well represented in the dynamical c ...
... dynamical properties is that the cold classical objects appear systematically redder than other objects (color discrimination is discussed further below). Otherwise, the full range of spectral types (red, neutral, featureless, volatile-bearing) seems to be equally well represented in the dynamical c ...
Celestial Systems
... Describe how the Earth orbits the Sun and the Moon orbits the Earth. Describe the Sun (i.e., a medium-size star, the largest body in our solar system, major source of energy for phenomena on Earth’s surface). Describe how planets, asteroids, and comets orbit the Sun. Describe meteors (e.g., ...
... Describe how the Earth orbits the Sun and the Moon orbits the Earth. Describe the Sun (i.e., a medium-size star, the largest body in our solar system, major source of energy for phenomena on Earth’s surface). Describe how planets, asteroids, and comets orbit the Sun. Describe meteors (e.g., ...
The Solar System
... away from the Sun, the greater the distance from one planet’s orbit to the next. The orbits of the planets are not circular but slightly elliptical, with the Sun located at one of the foci (see opening image). While studying the solar system, Johannes Kepler discovered the relationship between the t ...
... away from the Sun, the greater the distance from one planet’s orbit to the next. The orbits of the planets are not circular but slightly elliptical, with the Sun located at one of the foci (see opening image). While studying the solar system, Johannes Kepler discovered the relationship between the t ...
Chapter 14 Uranus, Neptune, Pluto and the Kuiper Belt
... • Dwarf Planet: An object orbiting the Sun (but is not a moon) with enough mass to gravitationally pull itself into a spherical shoape, yet not enough gravity to clear out planetesimals from its sur ...
... • Dwarf Planet: An object orbiting the Sun (but is not a moon) with enough mass to gravitationally pull itself into a spherical shoape, yet not enough gravity to clear out planetesimals from its sur ...
The Chemical Composition of an Extrasolar Kuiper-Belt
... Kuiper-Belt-Object analog into the white dwarf’s tidal radius. This finding shows that analogs to objects in our Kuiper Belt exist around other stars and could be responsible for the delivery of volatiles to terrestrial planets beyond the solar system. Key words: Kuiper belt: general – planetary syst ...
... Kuiper-Belt-Object analog into the white dwarf’s tidal radius. This finding shows that analogs to objects in our Kuiper Belt exist around other stars and could be responsible for the delivery of volatiles to terrestrial planets beyond the solar system. Key words: Kuiper belt: general – planetary syst ...
A Human-Powered Orrery: Connecting Learners with the Night Sky*
... have a student stand on each of the constellation positions. Use the constellation stick figures if you have these. First, have the student who represents the Earth stand looking in the direction of the Sun (something you should not do with the real Sun). Ask them what constellations are behind the ...
... have a student stand on each of the constellation positions. Use the constellation stick figures if you have these. First, have the student who represents the Earth stand looking in the direction of the Sun (something you should not do with the real Sun). Ask them what constellations are behind the ...
the outer planets: gas giants
... gigantic hurricane that covers an area twice the size of Earth. With a modest telescope, nearly 20 moons can be seen. Jupiter rotates rapidly on its axis, once every ten hours. It orbits the sun once every twelve years. Saturn is next, known for its colorful rings. They are nearly 42,000 miles/70,00 ...
... gigantic hurricane that covers an area twice the size of Earth. With a modest telescope, nearly 20 moons can be seen. Jupiter rotates rapidly on its axis, once every ten hours. It orbits the sun once every twelve years. Saturn is next, known for its colorful rings. They are nearly 42,000 miles/70,00 ...
Accretion of the Terrestrial Planets and the Earth-Moon
... Of particular importance are the ν5 and the ν6 secular resonances, which occur where the apsidal precession rate of orbiting material is near to that of Jupiter or Saturn respectively (or at about 0.6 AU for the ν5 and 2.1 AU for the ν6, assuming current planetary orbital elements and no nebular gas ...
... Of particular importance are the ν5 and the ν6 secular resonances, which occur where the apsidal precession rate of orbiting material is near to that of Jupiter or Saturn respectively (or at about 0.6 AU for the ν5 and 2.1 AU for the ν6, assuming current planetary orbital elements and no nebular gas ...
Dwarf planet
A dwarf planet is a planetary-mass object that is neither a planet nor a natural satellite. That is, it is in direct orbit of the Sun, and is massive enough for its shape to be in hydrostatic equilibrium under its own gravity, but has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.The term dwarf planet was adopted in 2006 as part of a three-way categorization of bodies orbiting the Sun, brought about by an increase in discoveries of objects farther away from the Sun than Neptune that rivaled Pluto in size, and finally precipitated by the discovery of an even more massive object, Eris. The exclusion of dwarf planets from the roster of planets by the IAU has been both praised and criticized; it was said to be the ""right decision"" by astronomer Mike Brown, who discovered Eris and other new dwarf planets, but has been rejected by Alan Stern, who had coined the term dwarf planet in 1990.The International Astronomical Union (IAU) currently recognizes five dwarf planets: Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris. Brown criticizes this official recognition: ""A reasonable person might think that this means that there are five known objects in the solar system which fit the IAU definition of dwarf planet, but this reasonable person would be nowhere close to correct.""It is suspected that another hundred or so known objects in the Solar System are dwarf planets. Estimates are that up to 200 dwarf planets may be found when the entire region known as the Kuiper belt is explored, and that the number may exceed 10,000 when objects scattered outside the Kuiper belt are considered. Individual astronomers recognize several of these, and in August 2011 Mike Brown published a list of 390 candidate objects, ranging from ""nearly certain"" to ""possible"" dwarf planets. Brown currently identifies eleven known objects – the five accepted by the IAU plus 2007 OR10, Quaoar, Sedna, Orcus, 2002 MS4 and Salacia – as ""virtually certain"", with another dozen highly likely. Stern states that there are more than a dozen known dwarf planets.However, only two of these bodies, Ceres and Pluto, have been observed in enough detail to demonstrate that they actually fit the IAU's definition. The IAU accepted Eris as a dwarf planet because it is more massive than Pluto. They subsequently decided that unnamed trans-Neptunian objects with an absolute magnitude brighter than +1 (and hence a diameter of ≥838 km assuming a geometric albedo of ≤1) are to be named under the assumption that they are dwarf planets. The only two such objects known at the time, Makemake and Haumea, went through this naming procedure and were declared to be dwarf planets. The question of whether other likely objects are dwarf planets has never been addressed by the IAU. The classification of bodies in other planetary systems with the characteristics of dwarf planets has not been addressed.