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... and become tightly packed, while retaining their links to both the apical surface and the basement membrane of the epithelium. As the cells pack, their nuclei become stacked, creating a pseudostratified epithelium (Eom et al., 2013). At the same stage, neural tube closure initiates with the formatio ...
... and become tightly packed, while retaining their links to both the apical surface and the basement membrane of the epithelium. As the cells pack, their nuclei become stacked, creating a pseudostratified epithelium (Eom et al., 2013). At the same stage, neural tube closure initiates with the formatio ...
RFX2 is broadly required for ciliogenesis during
... level transcription of Rfx3 was only observed beginning at stage 14. This temporal difference of expression might suggest that Rfx2 plays a higher hierarchic role than Rfx3 in regulating epidermal cilia development. Moreover, while Rfx2 was robustly expressed in GRP (Figs. 1B′, C), only weak stainin ...
... level transcription of Rfx3 was only observed beginning at stage 14. This temporal difference of expression might suggest that Rfx2 plays a higher hierarchic role than Rfx3 in regulating epidermal cilia development. Moreover, while Rfx2 was robustly expressed in GRP (Figs. 1B′, C), only weak stainin ...
After Bath Body Moisturizer After Bath Body Moisturizer offers instant
... A gentle, non-foaming cleanser mild enough to use on the eye area. Rich oils make this a great makeup remover and help prevent the loss of moisture during the cleansing process. Available in 2.5oz & 4oz bottles 2.5oz: $25.00 4oz: $40.00 ...
... A gentle, non-foaming cleanser mild enough to use on the eye area. Rich oils make this a great makeup remover and help prevent the loss of moisture during the cleansing process. Available in 2.5oz & 4oz bottles 2.5oz: $25.00 4oz: $40.00 ...
Natural foliar variegation without costs? The case of Begonia
... yields of photosystem II were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. Comparison with a cultivar of Ficus revealed key features distinguishing variegation mechanisms. † Key Results Intercellular space above the chlorenchyma is the mechanism of variegation in these Begonia. This intercellular space can ...
... yields of photosystem II were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. Comparison with a cultivar of Ficus revealed key features distinguishing variegation mechanisms. † Key Results Intercellular space above the chlorenchyma is the mechanism of variegation in these Begonia. This intercellular space can ...
Rat embryonic ectoderm as renal isograft - Development
... embryonic ectoderm as a renal isograft was recorded at 2- to 3-day intervals (Levak-Svajger & Svajger, 1979). The above mentioned breaking up into mesenchyme and the formation of epithelial cysts took place during the first three days after transfer. After 5 days the graft enlarged and became vascul ...
... embryonic ectoderm as a renal isograft was recorded at 2- to 3-day intervals (Levak-Svajger & Svajger, 1979). The above mentioned breaking up into mesenchyme and the formation of epithelial cysts took place during the first three days after transfer. After 5 days the graft enlarged and became vascul ...
Natural foliar variegation without costs? The case
... yields of photosystem II were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. Comparison with a cultivar of Ficus revealed key features distinguishing variegation mechanisms. † Key Results Intercellular space above the chlorenchyma is the mechanism of variegation in these Begonia. This intercellular space can ...
... yields of photosystem II were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence. Comparison with a cultivar of Ficus revealed key features distinguishing variegation mechanisms. † Key Results Intercellular space above the chlorenchyma is the mechanism of variegation in these Begonia. This intercellular space can ...
An Adhesive Patch Device for Skin Microbiome Studies
... decreased with deeper layers of the epidermis. As each adhesive patch harvesting step removed about 2-4 layers of epidermal cells together with the microbiome residing in these cell layers, the adhesive patch tool allowed us to also collect and study microbiome samples from the deeper epidermal laye ...
... decreased with deeper layers of the epidermis. As each adhesive patch harvesting step removed about 2-4 layers of epidermal cells together with the microbiome residing in these cell layers, the adhesive patch tool allowed us to also collect and study microbiome samples from the deeper epidermal laye ...
Carotenoids as Antioxidants
... the carotenoids contain a reactive electronic system which is susceptible to reactions with electrophilic compounds. Such reactions are responsible for the instability of carotenoids towards oxidation. In the presence of oxygen, carotenoids tend to autoxidise. The reaction of carotenoids with oxidis ...
... the carotenoids contain a reactive electronic system which is susceptible to reactions with electrophilic compounds. Such reactions are responsible for the instability of carotenoids towards oxidation. In the presence of oxygen, carotenoids tend to autoxidise. The reaction of carotenoids with oxidis ...
Graded potential of neural crest to form cornea, sensory neurons
... and Ayer-Le Lievre, 1982). This suggested that the cranial neural crest has a broader (or at least different) developmental potential than that of trunk neural crest. However, under appropriate culture conditions, trunk neural crest cells have been shown to acquire some properties of chondrocytes (M ...
... and Ayer-Le Lievre, 1982). This suggested that the cranial neural crest has a broader (or at least different) developmental potential than that of trunk neural crest. However, under appropriate culture conditions, trunk neural crest cells have been shown to acquire some properties of chondrocytes (M ...
Graded potential of neural crest to form cornea, sensory neurons
... and Ayer-Le Lievre, 1982). This suggested that the cranial neural crest has a broader (or at least different) developmental potential than that of trunk neural crest. However, under appropriate culture conditions, trunk neural crest cells have been shown to acquire some properties of chondrocytes (M ...
... and Ayer-Le Lievre, 1982). This suggested that the cranial neural crest has a broader (or at least different) developmental potential than that of trunk neural crest. However, under appropriate culture conditions, trunk neural crest cells have been shown to acquire some properties of chondrocytes (M ...
The preplacodal region - Kings College
... The adult vertebrate inner ear is sophisticated both in structure and function. Responsible for the perception of sound, balance and acceleration it comprises the semicircular canals, cochlea and endolymphatic duct and a large variety of different cell types including hair and supporting cells withi ...
... The adult vertebrate inner ear is sophisticated both in structure and function. Responsible for the perception of sound, balance and acceleration it comprises the semicircular canals, cochlea and endolymphatic duct and a large variety of different cell types including hair and supporting cells withi ...
Full Text
... The adult vertebrate inner ear is sophisticated both in structure and function. Responsible for the perception of sound, balance and acceleration it comprises the semicircular canals, cochlea and endolymphatic duct and a large variety of different cell types including hair and supporting cells withi ...
... The adult vertebrate inner ear is sophisticated both in structure and function. Responsible for the perception of sound, balance and acceleration it comprises the semicircular canals, cochlea and endolymphatic duct and a large variety of different cell types including hair and supporting cells withi ...
Characterization of transport systems for cysteine, lysine, alanine
... system y+. Diets designed to maximize wool growth should provide AA profiles reflecting the relative rates of uptake demonstrated in this study. Investigations of possible polymorphisms in genes encoding AA transport proteins in follicles may reveal a source of genetic differences in wool growth pot ...
... system y+. Diets designed to maximize wool growth should provide AA profiles reflecting the relative rates of uptake demonstrated in this study. Investigations of possible polymorphisms in genes encoding AA transport proteins in follicles may reveal a source of genetic differences in wool growth pot ...
Reviews
... concern because of the greater potency of noggin in dorsalization than in neuralization3,16 (see above). Of course, most authors have been careful to test for expression of a panel of mesodermal markers in their excised animal caps. However, the markers rarely include genes expressed in the endoderm ...
... concern because of the greater potency of noggin in dorsalization than in neuralization3,16 (see above). Of course, most authors have been careful to test for expression of a panel of mesodermal markers in their excised animal caps. However, the markers rarely include genes expressed in the endoderm ...
Synaptic vesicles really do kiss and run
... tion limit of standard fluorophore emission wavelengths. Furthermore, fluorescence changes are difficult to interpret because they do not necessarily correlate with the neurotransmitter efflux12. However, Gandhi and Stevens13 used a photobleaching process to show small but discernable differences in ...
... tion limit of standard fluorophore emission wavelengths. Furthermore, fluorescence changes are difficult to interpret because they do not necessarily correlate with the neurotransmitter efflux12. However, Gandhi and Stevens13 used a photobleaching process to show small but discernable differences in ...
High refractive index of melanin in shiny occipital feathers
... patch (Figure 1a and 1b). Compared to the breast feathers they are less colorful, but the barbules of the occipital feathers exhibit a mirror-like, directional reflection due to nanostructured melanin.6 The uniquely colorful breast feathers allows the breast color to switch sharply between yellow, b ...
... patch (Figure 1a and 1b). Compared to the breast feathers they are less colorful, but the barbules of the occipital feathers exhibit a mirror-like, directional reflection due to nanostructured melanin.6 The uniquely colorful breast feathers allows the breast color to switch sharply between yellow, b ...
Keratin Alterations during Embryonic Epidermal Differentiation: A
... 12-, 14-, and 29-d embryonic skin . In the case of 12- and 14-d embryos, keratinocyte colonies were initiated from 1-mmz explants which were allowed to attach to the surface of the tissue culture dish . In the case of 29-d embryos, keratinocyte colonies developed from trypsinized cell suspensions of ...
... 12-, 14-, and 29-d embryonic skin . In the case of 12- and 14-d embryos, keratinocyte colonies were initiated from 1-mmz explants which were allowed to attach to the surface of the tissue culture dish . In the case of 29-d embryos, keratinocyte colonies developed from trypsinized cell suspensions of ...
Evolutionary Developmental Biology and Vertebrate Head
... they do not arise as typical compartments. Due to the hierarchically organized epigenetic interactions of tissues, the presence of developmental units like pouches and somites exert morphogenetic influences on the patterning of other structures. What we know as branchiomerism (reiterating patterns o ...
... they do not arise as typical compartments. Due to the hierarchically organized epigenetic interactions of tissues, the presence of developmental units like pouches and somites exert morphogenetic influences on the patterning of other structures. What we know as branchiomerism (reiterating patterns o ...
The Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Exports
... Exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic ␣-linked galactopyranosyl (␣-Gal) epitopes ...
... Exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic ␣-linked galactopyranosyl (␣-Gal) epitopes ...
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... extended period of time, similar to a camera with an extended exposure time. This lengthened integration time is partly controlled in the retina by the photoreceptor transduction cascade but higher circuits that sum photons for even longer periods of time are also possible. A disadvantage of making ...
... extended period of time, similar to a camera with an extended exposure time. This lengthened integration time is partly controlled in the retina by the photoreceptor transduction cascade but higher circuits that sum photons for even longer periods of time are also possible. A disadvantage of making ...
- University of East Anglia
... 2014). Overexpression of Wnt3a in half of the neural tube leads to an increase in the number of dorsal/dermomyotomal cells and a marked enlargement of the myotome (Galli et al., 2004). Consistent with this finding, retroviral mediated delivery of constitutively active Lef1 results in an increase in ...
... 2014). Overexpression of Wnt3a in half of the neural tube leads to an increase in the number of dorsal/dermomyotomal cells and a marked enlargement of the myotome (Galli et al., 2004). Consistent with this finding, retroviral mediated delivery of constitutively active Lef1 results in an increase in ...
Production of fibronectin and collagen types I and III by chick embryo
... of the culture media, it was shown that. after 7 days of culture. cells secreted more type I than type III collagen. Type I collagen production Increased with tIme of culture. Substrates consisting of type IV collagen or GAGs (alone or In mixtures with type I collagen) exerted an inhibitory Influenc ...
... of the culture media, it was shown that. after 7 days of culture. cells secreted more type I than type III collagen. Type I collagen production Increased with tIme of culture. Substrates consisting of type IV collagen or GAGs (alone or In mixtures with type I collagen) exerted an inhibitory Influenc ...
Article Opsin Clines in Butterflies Suggest Novel Roles for Insect
... of peak absorbance (max) of the LW-sensitive visual pigment (LWRh) is distinct in each of these species, with estimates of max = 514 and max = 545 nm in the viceroy and the redspotted purple, respectively. Although the needs to find food, avoid predators, and engage in social signaling are though ...
... of peak absorbance (max) of the LW-sensitive visual pigment (LWRh) is distinct in each of these species, with estimates of max = 514 and max = 545 nm in the viceroy and the redspotted purple, respectively. Although the needs to find food, avoid predators, and engage in social signaling are though ...
Final published version - Discovery
... The most compelling evidence for dual-fated NMps comes from a retrospective clonal lineage analysis carried out in the elongating mouse embryo (Tzouanacou et al., 2009). This study exploited the random labelling of single cells that takes place when a mutant laacZ transgene reverts at low frequency ...
... The most compelling evidence for dual-fated NMps comes from a retrospective clonal lineage analysis carried out in the elongating mouse embryo (Tzouanacou et al., 2009). This study exploited the random labelling of single cells that takes place when a mutant laacZ transgene reverts at low frequency ...
Chromatophore
Chromatophores are pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells, or groups of cells, found in bacteria and a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods. Mammals and birds, in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for coloration.Chromatophores are largely responsible for generating skin and eye colour in cold-blooded animals and are generated in the neural crest during embryonic development. Mature chromatophores are grouped into subclasses based on their colour (more properly ""hue"") under white light: xanthophores (yellow), erythrophores (red), iridophores (reflective / iridescent), leucophores (white), melanophores (black/brown), and cyanophores (blue). The term chromatophore can also refer to coloured, membrane-associated vesicles found in some forms of photosynthetic bacteria.Some species can rapidly change colour through mechanisms that translocate pigment and reorient reflective plates within chromatophores. This process, often used as a type of camouflage, is called physiological colour change or metachrosis. Cephalopods such as the octopus have complex chromatophore organs controlled by muscles to achieve this, whereas vertebrates such as chameleons generate a similar effect by cell signalling. Such signals can be hormones or neurotransmitters and may be initiated by changes in mood, temperature, stress or visible changes in the local environment. Chromatophores are studied by scientists to understand human disease and as a tool in drug discovery.