Rat Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Show Specificity of
... After particle feeding and rinsing, cells on glass coverslips were fixed in 2 ml of 3.7% formaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4, for 30 min at 37°C (9). To reduce breakage of attached ROS, the formaldehyde concentration was gradually decreased by serial dilution with PBS, before a final 30-min rinse in P ...
... After particle feeding and rinsing, cells on glass coverslips were fixed in 2 ml of 3.7% formaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4, for 30 min at 37°C (9). To reduce breakage of attached ROS, the formaldehyde concentration was gradually decreased by serial dilution with PBS, before a final 30-min rinse in P ...
Innate antiviral defense of zebrafish : from signalling to specialized
... Microbes establish infections when they succeed to enter their host organism and cope with its defense mechanisms. Skin and mucosa play an important role of mechanical barrier to restrict pathogenic microbe invasion. If pathogens succeed to overcome this barrier, they must find its ecological niche ...
... Microbes establish infections when they succeed to enter their host organism and cope with its defense mechanisms. Skin and mucosa play an important role of mechanical barrier to restrict pathogenic microbe invasion. If pathogens succeed to overcome this barrier, they must find its ecological niche ...
Lens Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP)
... turbidity assay. The absorbance time course at 350 nm was monitored when PC-Mbs vesicles (-) and PC vesicles (A)were mixed with 25 pM PS vesicles. Vesicles were incubated in the same solution described for Figure 1. After 3 min of preincubation, 25 r M PS vesicles was added to the cuvette (arrow). e ...
... turbidity assay. The absorbance time course at 350 nm was monitored when PC-Mbs vesicles (-) and PC vesicles (A)were mixed with 25 pM PS vesicles. Vesicles were incubated in the same solution described for Figure 1. After 3 min of preincubation, 25 r M PS vesicles was added to the cuvette (arrow). e ...
neural crest specification: migrating into genomics
... The ability of Slug/Snail to regulate the junctional proteins that are expressed in the neural crest has not been examined, but it is likely that they are also direct regulators of EMT in the neural crest. Curiously, Slug RNA is expressed in the neural folds long before migration actually initiates, ...
... The ability of Slug/Snail to regulate the junctional proteins that are expressed in the neural crest has not been examined, but it is likely that they are also direct regulators of EMT in the neural crest. Curiously, Slug RNA is expressed in the neural folds long before migration actually initiates, ...
Notochord vacuoles are lysosome-related organelles that function in
... a thick extracellular perinotochordal basement membrane, whereas the inner cells form large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles. The vacuoles occupy the majority of the volume of the inner cells with diameters of up to 40 µm. Notochord vacuoles have been described in nearly every embryonic vertebrat ...
... a thick extracellular perinotochordal basement membrane, whereas the inner cells form large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles. The vacuoles occupy the majority of the volume of the inner cells with diameters of up to 40 µm. Notochord vacuoles have been described in nearly every embryonic vertebrat ...
Notochord vacuoles are lysosome-related organelles that function in
... a thick extracellular perinotochordal basement membrane, whereas the inner cells form large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles. The vacuoles occupy the majority of the volume of the inner cells with diameters of up to 40 µm. Notochord vacuoles have been described in nearly every embryonic vertebrat ...
... a thick extracellular perinotochordal basement membrane, whereas the inner cells form large fluid-filled intracellular vacuoles. The vacuoles occupy the majority of the volume of the inner cells with diameters of up to 40 µm. Notochord vacuoles have been described in nearly every embryonic vertebrat ...
effects of light on photosynthesis, grazing, and population dynamics
... RhodPfiest1) and was then maintained for 48 h without feeding. The culture was divided into six 50-mL aliquots with P. piscicida concentrations of 7500 cellsmL1. Three of the six cultures were wrapped in aluminum foil, and R. sp. was added to the six experimental and to six R. sp. control flasks ...
... RhodPfiest1) and was then maintained for 48 h without feeding. The culture was divided into six 50-mL aliquots with P. piscicida concentrations of 7500 cellsmL1. Three of the six cultures were wrapped in aluminum foil, and R. sp. was added to the six experimental and to six R. sp. control flasks ...
PDF
... neural plate. First, Syn4 MO was injected at the 32-cell stage into the A1 blastomere, which is fated to contribute to the neural plate but not to the mesoderm (Moody, 1987). Sox2 expression was inhibited in descendants of these Syn4 MO-injected cells (Fig. 2C). This is specific for Syn4 because it ...
... neural plate. First, Syn4 MO was injected at the 32-cell stage into the A1 blastomere, which is fated to contribute to the neural plate but not to the mesoderm (Moody, 1987). Sox2 expression was inhibited in descendants of these Syn4 MO-injected cells (Fig. 2C). This is specific for Syn4 because it ...
Tcf7l1 protects the anterior neural fold from adopting the neural crest
... the NC and the prospective forebrain via restriction of the Wnt/βcatenin signaling gradient. KEY WORDS: Tcf/Lef, Wnt signaling, Neural crest, Forebrain, Mouse, Zebrafish ...
... the NC and the prospective forebrain via restriction of the Wnt/βcatenin signaling gradient. KEY WORDS: Tcf/Lef, Wnt signaling, Neural crest, Forebrain, Mouse, Zebrafish ...
Staphylococcus δ-toxin induces allergic skin disease by
... countries1. Although the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is not fully understood, the disease is mediated by an abnormal immunoglobulinE immune response in the setting of skin barrier dysfunction2. Mast cells contribute to immunoglobulin-E-mediated allergic disorders including atopic dermatitis3. ...
... countries1. Although the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is not fully understood, the disease is mediated by an abnormal immunoglobulinE immune response in the setting of skin barrier dysfunction2. Mast cells contribute to immunoglobulin-E-mediated allergic disorders including atopic dermatitis3. ...
Neural Crest Inducing Signals
... a time when neural crest induction is still taking place.^^ In addition, they block neural crest emigration from the neural tube.^ Mutations in different members of the BMP family and their antagonists in mice suggest that these molecules are not absolutely required for neural crest formation. Embry ...
... a time when neural crest induction is still taking place.^^ In addition, they block neural crest emigration from the neural tube.^ Mutations in different members of the BMP family and their antagonists in mice suggest that these molecules are not absolutely required for neural crest formation. Embry ...
Control of Cell Pattern in the Neural Tube: Motor Neuron Induction
... Neural crest cells were defined by their migratory properties, the surface expression of the HNK-1, PI integrin, and p75 antigens (Maxwell et al., 1988; Delannet and Duband, 1992; Bernd, 1985; Stemple and Anderson, 1992), and their ability to differentiate into neurons and melanocytes. Ventral neura ...
... Neural crest cells were defined by their migratory properties, the surface expression of the HNK-1, PI integrin, and p75 antigens (Maxwell et al., 1988; Delannet and Duband, 1992; Bernd, 1985; Stemple and Anderson, 1992), and their ability to differentiate into neurons and melanocytes. Ventral neura ...
The dorsal neural tube organizes the dermamyotome
... tube, dorsal ectoderm or neural crest cells, all of which have been postulated to control dermamyotome formation or to induce myogenesis, either fail to do so or provoke only minimal inductive responses in any of our assays. However, complicating the issue, we find consistent with previous studies t ...
... tube, dorsal ectoderm or neural crest cells, all of which have been postulated to control dermamyotome formation or to induce myogenesis, either fail to do so or provoke only minimal inductive responses in any of our assays. However, complicating the issue, we find consistent with previous studies t ...
Assembling Neural Crest Regulatory Circuits into a Gene
... from many vertebrate developmental models, into a single, pan-vertebrate network. In addition to discrepancies in the patterns of gene ...
... from many vertebrate developmental models, into a single, pan-vertebrate network. In addition to discrepancies in the patterns of gene ...
Bacillus anthracis produces membrane-derived vesicles containing biologically active toxins
... Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles that contain toxins or other virulence factors and, in several cases, vesicles have been proposed to be vehicles for toxin delivery to eukaryotic cells (14– 17). Significantly less is known about the r ...
... Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles that contain toxins or other virulence factors and, in several cases, vesicles have been proposed to be vehicles for toxin delivery to eukaryotic cells (14– 17). Significantly less is known about the r ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... nuclear extracts. In contrast, CREST peptides were most abundant in P0 brain (Fig. 1A), consistent with the expression pattern of CREST described previously (Aizawa et al., 2004). The reciprocal pattern of the recovered peptide abundance also suggested a switch in SS18/CREST expression during neural ...
... nuclear extracts. In contrast, CREST peptides were most abundant in P0 brain (Fig. 1A), consistent with the expression pattern of CREST described previously (Aizawa et al., 2004). The reciprocal pattern of the recovered peptide abundance also suggested a switch in SS18/CREST expression during neural ...
Morphologic and functional characterization of granulocytes and
... represented transcripts of the same gene, the 2 primer pairs (5⬘CGGTTCTGTGGATTGTCT-3⬘ with 5⬘-CACGACCACCAGGAGCAA3⬘; and 5⬘-GGATTGTCTGCTCCTCAGA-3⬘ with 5⬘-GCCACCGTCACCAGTCTC-3⬘) were used to amplify 125 and 385 nt fragments, respectively, from an adult zebrafish kidney cDNA library (gift of L. Zon, B ...
... represented transcripts of the same gene, the 2 primer pairs (5⬘CGGTTCTGTGGATTGTCT-3⬘ with 5⬘-CACGACCACCAGGAGCAA3⬘; and 5⬘-GGATTGTCTGCTCCTCAGA-3⬘ with 5⬘-GCCACCGTCACCAGTCTC-3⬘) were used to amplify 125 and 385 nt fragments, respectively, from an adult zebrafish kidney cDNA library (gift of L. Zon, B ...
Full-Text PDF
... In addition, a known amount of melittin (5 µg/mL) was added to stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis of the rat skin, and the amount of melittin was measured at pre-determined time points. The measurement of melittin from all samples was done with HPLC-MS/MS. No melittin was detected in the recepto ...
... In addition, a known amount of melittin (5 µg/mL) was added to stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis of the rat skin, and the amount of melittin was measured at pre-determined time points. The measurement of melittin from all samples was done with HPLC-MS/MS. No melittin was detected in the recepto ...
MICROSCOPIC AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES ON
... endosome is called as a multivesicular body (MVB) (Johnstone, et al. 1987). Multivesicular body may fuse with a lysosome when it and its cargo will be degradated. Another scenario is that the multivesicular body fuses with the plasma membrane (Futter, et al. 1996). In this case the intraluminal vesi ...
... endosome is called as a multivesicular body (MVB) (Johnstone, et al. 1987). Multivesicular body may fuse with a lysosome when it and its cargo will be degradated. Another scenario is that the multivesicular body fuses with the plasma membrane (Futter, et al. 1996). In this case the intraluminal vesi ...
Skin Graft Preservation
... diseases of unknown etiology, and previous infections with the possibility of current carrier status (hepatitis, malaria, HIV, syphilis antibodies etc). It may also be prudent to exclude a history of malignant disease particularly if the skin might be used on immunosuppressed patients, for example, ...
... diseases of unknown etiology, and previous infections with the possibility of current carrier status (hepatitis, malaria, HIV, syphilis antibodies etc). It may also be prudent to exclude a history of malignant disease particularly if the skin might be used on immunosuppressed patients, for example, ...
Differential assembly of polypeptides of the light
... in the absence of mass isotope labeling, only reflect the ability of trypsin to act at potential cleavage sites and are therefore semiquantitative in nature. This means that proteins that are not highly abundant with a large number of accessible cleavage sites give rise to higher spectral counts tha ...
... in the absence of mass isotope labeling, only reflect the ability of trypsin to act at potential cleavage sites and are therefore semiquantitative in nature. This means that proteins that are not highly abundant with a large number of accessible cleavage sites give rise to higher spectral counts tha ...
PDF
... to induce high antibody responses, and (iii) antibodies generated by mucosal vaccination were protective against microbial invasion in the gut mucosa. Several scientists (32, 57, 58) have shown that CD8α, which is a marker for activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in fish, accounts for the larges ...
... to induce high antibody responses, and (iii) antibodies generated by mucosal vaccination were protective against microbial invasion in the gut mucosa. Several scientists (32, 57, 58) have shown that CD8α, which is a marker for activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in fish, accounts for the larges ...
Paradigm Shifts In Neural Induction - Works
... to vertebrates. Rather, the ventral neural cord of insects formed using the same mechanisms as the dorsal neural tube of vertebrates. Third, the brain formed in a matter distinctly different from that of the spinal cord. Despite these differences, there has been a clear and strong continuity between ...
... to vertebrates. Rather, the ventral neural cord of insects formed using the same mechanisms as the dorsal neural tube of vertebrates. Third, the brain formed in a matter distinctly different from that of the spinal cord. Despite these differences, there has been a clear and strong continuity between ...
Continuity And Change: Paradigm Shifts In Neural Induction
... using the ‘Einsteck-method’ of implanting the potential inducing tissue inside the blastocoel directly beneath the ventral ectoderm. By these experiments, it appeared that the inducer was diffusible and that it could pass from an underlying inducing tissue. Holtfreter (1933) soon followed these obse ...
... using the ‘Einsteck-method’ of implanting the potential inducing tissue inside the blastocoel directly beneath the ventral ectoderm. By these experiments, it appeared that the inducer was diffusible and that it could pass from an underlying inducing tissue. Holtfreter (1933) soon followed these obse ...
In vitro skin models to study epithelial regeneration from the hair
... freshly excised wound bed, completion of dermal regeneration takes up to 4 weeks, after which, the silicone layer is replaced by a thin split-skin graft to achieve permanent epidermal wound closure [13]. Cultured autologous keratinocytes [14], and cultured skin substitutes [15] have been used as sec ...
... freshly excised wound bed, completion of dermal regeneration takes up to 4 weeks, after which, the silicone layer is replaced by a thin split-skin graft to achieve permanent epidermal wound closure [13]. Cultured autologous keratinocytes [14], and cultured skin substitutes [15] have been used as sec ...
Chromatophore
Chromatophores are pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells, or groups of cells, found in bacteria and a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods. Mammals and birds, in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for coloration.Chromatophores are largely responsible for generating skin and eye colour in cold-blooded animals and are generated in the neural crest during embryonic development. Mature chromatophores are grouped into subclasses based on their colour (more properly ""hue"") under white light: xanthophores (yellow), erythrophores (red), iridophores (reflective / iridescent), leucophores (white), melanophores (black/brown), and cyanophores (blue). The term chromatophore can also refer to coloured, membrane-associated vesicles found in some forms of photosynthetic bacteria.Some species can rapidly change colour through mechanisms that translocate pigment and reorient reflective plates within chromatophores. This process, often used as a type of camouflage, is called physiological colour change or metachrosis. Cephalopods such as the octopus have complex chromatophore organs controlled by muscles to achieve this, whereas vertebrates such as chameleons generate a similar effect by cell signalling. Such signals can be hormones or neurotransmitters and may be initiated by changes in mood, temperature, stress or visible changes in the local environment. Chromatophores are studied by scientists to understand human disease and as a tool in drug discovery.