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ACIP Recommendations on Influenza Vaccination
ACIP Recommendations on Influenza Vaccination

... most influential. For example, population-based estimates of influenza disease burden supported by laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection outcomes contribute the most specific data. The best evidence for vaccine or antiviral efficacy comes from randomized controlled trials that assess labora ...
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis,
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis,

... of the evidence and the grade of recommendation (table 1) [6]. These guidelines apply to seasonal (interpandemic) influenza and not to avian or pandemic disease. Clinical management guidelines for sporadic human infections due to avian A (H5N1) viruses have been published by the World Health Organiz ...
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis,
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis,

... Residents of any age of nursing homes or other long-term care institutions NOTE. Although sufficient data do not exist to precisely define the extent of increased risk of influenza in these different groups of patients, there are data to suggest that the highest risk of both mortality and serious mo ...
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment
Seasonal Influenza in Adults and Children— Diagnosis, Treatment

... Residents of any age of nursing homes or other long-term care institutions NOTE. Although sufficient data do not exist to precisely define the extent of increased risk of influenza in these different groups of patients, there are data to suggest that the highest risk of both mortality and serious mo ...
The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan for the Health Sector
The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan for the Health Sector

... The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan for the Health Sector maps out how the health sector can prepare for and respond to pandemic influenza in Canada. It does so by outlining the actions that should be taken during each pandemic phase and clarifying the roles and responsibilities of those who would ...
lemsip max all day cold and flu tablets lemsip max all day flu relief
lemsip max all day cold and flu tablets lemsip max all day flu relief

... Ibuprofen is metabolised by oxidation of the isobutyl group and glucuronidation of the carboxyl moiety. The isobutyl group is hydroxylated both on the tertiary centre, giving 2-(4-(2hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)phenyl)-propionic acid, and also on one of the methyl groups, giving 2-(4-(2-hydroxymethy1-prop ...
Médicaments antiviraux en cas de grippe saisonnière et pandémique. recommandations de bonne
Médicaments antiviraux en cas de grippe saisonnière et pandémique. recommandations de bonne

... infection par le virus de l’’influenza. Les interventions possibles pour la prévention et le traitement de l’’influenza incluent la vaccination et l’’utilisation de médicaments antiviraux. Le matériel génétique du virus est instable et varie au cours du temps. Ces variantes génétiques peuvent éluder ...
Full Report
Full Report

... fluenza vaccine. Further, in any given year, only about 20 percent of the high-risk population (people at greater risk of dying from influenza if they contract the disease) received influenza vaccine. (In 1976-77, however, both of these percentages doubled. ) The effectiveness of influenza vaccinati ...
to the Ministry`s Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and
to the Ministry`s Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and

... During “normal” influenza epidemics which occur almost every winter in North America, an average of 5% to 20% of the population becomes ill, but as high as 30% to 50% of the population may become ill during severe influenza A epidemics. The highest rates of infection and clinical illness occur in ch ...
AVT 9(2) in progress - International Medical Press
AVT 9(2) in progress - International Medical Press

... 1999. The date of oseltamivir dispensing for those who received oseltamivir, and of influenza diagnosis for those who did not receive the drug, was designated as the index date. Oseltamivir has been approved by the FDA for use in children over 1 year of age. We thus excluded from the study any infan ...
SWINE INFLUENZA
SWINE INFLUENZA

... Concept of “original antigenic sin,”by Francis - immune response is greatest to antigens to which first exposure occurred in childhood. • Persons born before 1957 who were exposed in childhood to influenza A (H1N1) viruses might be better protected against this viral subtype than those who were firs ...
A FRAMEWORK FOR AN AUSTRALIAN
A FRAMEWORK FOR AN AUSTRALIAN

... The world will experience another influenza pandemic in the foreseeable future. It could occur at any time, with the potential to cause major and perhaps catastrophic effects across the globe – death, illness, and massive social and economic disruption. Influenza pandemics occur capriciously and unp ...
Swine Flu Guide Compiled by PuneMate www
Swine Flu Guide Compiled by PuneMate www

... ● Evidence from multiple outbreak sites demonstrates that the A(H1N1) pandemic virus has rapidly established itself and is now the dominant influenza strain in most parts of the world," said the WHO in a statement. ...
State of New Hampshire Influenza Pandemic Public Health Preparedness & Response Plan
State of New Hampshire Influenza Pandemic Public Health Preparedness & Response Plan

... SECTION I. INTRODUCTION 1. BACKGROUND Influenza is a highly infectious viral illness that causes yearly epidemics, which have been reported since at least the early 1500s. An increase in mortality, typically occurring during each epidemic year, is caused by influenza and pneumonia, and/or by exacer ...
Product Monograph for Fluad
Product Monograph for Fluad

... Following influenza vaccination, false positive results in serology tests using the ELISA method to detect antibodies against HIV1, hepatitis C and, especially HTLV1 have been observed. The Western Blot technique disproves the results. The transient false positive reactions could be due to the IgM r ...
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Guidance for Healthcare Workers and Healthcare Employers www.osha.gov
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Guidance for Healthcare Workers and Healthcare Employers www.osha.gov

... Avian influenza viruses are generally divided into two groups: low pathogenic avian influenza and highly pathogenic avian influenza. Low pathogenic avian influenza naturally occurs in wild birds and can spread to domestic birds. In most cases it causes no signs of infection or only minor symptoms in ...
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Guidance for Healthcare Workers and Healthcare Employers
Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Guidance for Healthcare Workers and Healthcare Employers

... Avian influenza viruses are generally divided into two groups: low pathogenic avian influenza and highly pathogenic avian influenza. Low pathogenic avian influenza naturally occurs in wild birds and can spread to domestic birds. In most cases it causes no signs of infection or only minor symptoms in ...
Sex, gender and influenza - World Health Organization
Sex, gender and influenza - World Health Organization

... Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this ...
CDC H1N1 Flu | Updated Interim Recommendations for the Use of
CDC H1N1 Flu | Updated Interim Recommendations for the Use of

... of hospitalization compared with children 5 years to 17 years old. Hospitalization rates among children young than 2 years of age were 4.5 times higher than that for adults and hospitalization rates of 2-4 year olds and 5-17 year olds were 2 times and 1.6 times higher, respectively, compared to adul ...
MolecularCharacterization of theSurface Glycoproteins of Influenza B
MolecularCharacterization of theSurface Glycoproteins of Influenza B

... to antiviral therapy. Due to these mutations, antibodies produced against these viruses may become ineffective against anew emergent viral strain or the changes may lead to antiviral therapy failure. This is further complicated by the existence of the two distinct lineages.B/Victoria/2/87-like virus ...
North Carolina`s Ethical Guidelines for an Influenza Pandemic
North Carolina`s Ethical Guidelines for an Influenza Pandemic

... MPH, State Health Director, North Carolina Division of Public Health, and Rosemarie Tong, PhD, Director, Center for Professional and Applied Ethics, Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, who helped set the agenda and gave overall direction to the Task Force. The Task F ...
Influenza Immunization Elizabeth Boldon, RN, MSN Elizabeth
Influenza Immunization Elizabeth Boldon, RN, MSN Elizabeth

... Influenza frequently causes people to miss school and work but in some cases there are severe complications such as pneumonia. In the United States, more than 200,000 individuals are hospitalized annually and between 3,000 - 49,000 die from influenza-related complications.1 The best way to protect a ...
A Model Plan for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness
A Model Plan for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness

... reduced by 10 years. Since then there have been a further three influenza pandemics: 1957 (severe), 1968 (moderate) and 1977 (mild). The fact that the last severe pandemic was in 1957 makes it more likely that the world’s population would have little or no immunity to a new pandemic influenza strain ...
Avian Influenza Training Facilitator Guide
Avian Influenza Training Facilitator Guide

... Ensure timely reporting of any suspect, probable, or confirmed human cases and reporting of control measures put in place, through the normal reporting channels (i.e., from local public health to state authority to CDC). This information dictates which pandemic phase the country is in, so it will al ...
Ethical Values for Planning for and Responding to a Pandemic in
Ethical Values for Planning for and Responding to a Pandemic in

... Geoffrey Rice for his advice on this. Both these hypothetical cases involve major pandemic outbreaks. With good planning and response – keeping it out at the border and stamping out any clusters that get through – our aim is, of course, to prevent any major outbreak from ever occurring. Even so, we ...
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Human mortality from H5N1

Human mortality from H5N1 or the human fatality ratio from H5N1 or the case-fatality rate of H5N1 refer to the ratio of the number of confirmed human deaths resulting from confirmed cases of transmission and infection of H5N1 to the number of those confirmed cases. For example, if there are 100 confirmed cases of humans infected with H5N1 and 10 die, then there is a 10% human fatality ratio (or mortality rate). H5N1 flu is a concern due to the global spread of H5N1 that constitutes a pandemic threat. The majority of H5N1 flu cases have been reported in southeast and east Asia. The case-fatality rate is central to pandemic planning. While estimates of case-fatality (CF) rates for past influenza pandemics have ranged from about 0.1% (1957 and 1968 pandemics) to 2.5% (1918 pandemic); the official World Health Organization estimate for the current outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza to date is around 60%. While the real H5N1 CF rate (what it would be if we had perfect knowledge) could be lower (one study suggests that the real H5N1 CF rate is closer to 14–33%); it is unlikely that, if it becomes a pandemic, it will go to the 0.1–0.4% level currently embraced by many pandemic plans.H5N1 infections in humans are generally caused by bird to human transmission of the virus. Until May 2006, the WHO estimate of the number of human to human transmission had been ""two or three cases"". On May 24, 2006, Dr. Julie L. Gerberding, director of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, estimated that there had been ""at least three."" On May 30, Maria Cheng, a WHO spokeswoman, said there were ""probably about half a dozen,"" but that no one ""has got a solid number."" The cases of suspected human to human transmission that continue to be found have been isolated and contained, and include transmission among members of a family in Sumatra, Indonesia in June 2006 as well as earlier and later instances arising in other countries. However, no pandemic strain of H5N1 has yet been found. The key point is that, at present, ""the virus is not spreading efficiently or sustainably among humans.""H5N1 vaccines for chickens exist and are sometimes used, although there are many difficulties that make it especially difficult to decide whether vaccination will do more harm than good. In the U.S. H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccines exist in quantities sufficient to inoculate a few million people and might be useful for priming to ""boost the immune response to a different H5N1 vaccine tailor-made years later to thwart an emerging pandemic"". Japan has inoculated 6,000 health care workers with a pre-pandemic vaccine, and is planning how to proceed with widespread vaccinations, particularly workers who would provide utilities during an outbreak. Switzerland is also considering preemptive vaccination to protect the general public. H5N1 pandemic vaccines and the technologies to rapidly create them are in the H5N1 clinical trials stage but cannot be verified as useful until after a pandemic strain emerges. Efforts to identify the changes that might result in a human-communicable strain have resulted in laboratory-generated H5N1 with substantially greater affinity for human cellular receptors after a change of just two of the H5 surface proteins. Significantly, mouse antibodies were 10 times less potent against the mutants than against the pre-mutated viruses.
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