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Colds and flu - Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
Colds and flu - Pharmaceutical Society of Australia

... Type B causes a similar, though possibly milder infection than Type A. It can cause epidemics but has no intermediate host. Influenza Type C does not cause epidemics and causes only mild infections. Influenza epidemics occur, on average, every three years. Influenza pandemics have occurred four time ...


... B being clinically important. Different strains dominate from year to year. People most at risk of complications from influenza include the elderly, those with preexisting medical conditions (such as chronic heart or lung disease) and pregnant women. However, even healthy people can get severe influ ...
Australian Influenza - Department of Health
Australian Influenza - Department of Health

... with fair attendance and contact with swine. The virus detected is the same as the variant viruses detected during the 2012 multi-state outbreak, which was also associated with swine exposure at agricultural fairs.  The WHO has reported on additional retrospectively detected laboratory-confirmed ca ...
LONG TERM CARE - Pandemic Plan
LONG TERM CARE - Pandemic Plan

... Pandemic influenza has been identified as a specific hazard that could imminently disrupt the operations of the long term care (LTC) centre, the health care system and society. It is a possible emergency situation for which appropriate planning is required to ensure all staff are equipped with the k ...
Enforcement Procedures for Very High Occupational Exposure Risk
Enforcement Procedures for Very High Occupational Exposure Risk

... preparedness planning. The Strategy gave Federal Agencies with public health responsibilities the duty of developing recommendations and strategies to guide the general public and employers in preparing to address the pandemic influenza outbreaks. During a pandemic, the Secretary of Health and Human ...
WHO Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines and Antivirals during Influenza Pandemics
WHO Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines and Antivirals during Influenza Pandemics

... Influenza pandemics are sudden and unpredictable yet inevitable events. They have caused several global health emergencies during the last century. The first and most severe of these is estimated to have resulted in more than 40-50 million deaths worldwide1 . Experts anticipate that the next pandemi ...
national influenza pandemic preparedness plan of the republic of
national influenza pandemic preparedness plan of the republic of

... • ensure permanent, reliable and up-to-date public information on the influenza pandemic developments and the measures applied. Additional expected outcome of the National Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan is to improve the existing system for monitoring and control of season influenza epidemics ...
H3N2 Canine Influenza RealPCR Test
H3N2 Canine Influenza RealPCR Test

... camels, seals, and whales. Although the influenza virus has been recognized for a long time, it is frequently reported in the news as an “emerging virus” when new outbreaks and even pandemics occur in humans, poultry, horses, or dogs. Influenza virus can mutate rapidly, resulting in both antigenic d ...
Influenza in New Zealand 2009 - ESR
Influenza in New Zealand 2009 - ESR

... date). In this dataset, people who received less than one day of short hospital treatment in hospital’s emergency departments were excluded from any time series analysis of influenza hospitalisations during 2000-2009. Influenza-related hospitalisations were conservatively taken to include only those ...
Influenza Pandemic Plan - Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust
Influenza Pandemic Plan - Northern Devon Healthcare NHS Trust

... infected by the new virus over a relatively short period of time. Influenza pandemics may be associated with mild to moderate illness in the population (which may or may not be widespread), or significant severe illness and mortality in certain age or patient ...
1 - Champaign County Prepares
1 - Champaign County Prepares

... are present in our community—primarily on a seasonal basis. Common symptoms include fever, extreme tiredness, muscle aches, headache, runny or stuffy nose, dry cough and sore throat. Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea can also occur, though these symptoms are more common in children than adults. Influenz ...
Influenza Protocol (Seasonal, Pandemic and Avian Influenza)
Influenza Protocol (Seasonal, Pandemic and Avian Influenza)

... humans in close contact with poultry or other birds occurs rarely and only with some strains of avian influenza. The potential for transformation of avian influenza into a form that causes severe disease in humans and spreads easily from person to person is a great concern for world health. This pro ...
Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Principles for United States Action
Pandemic and Seasonal Influenza Principles for United States Action

... These events also demonstrate our continued vulnerability to emerging infectious diseases. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic disproportionately affected younger, otherwise healthy persons, as well as pregnant women. In the U.S. alone, approximately 60.8 million cases, 274,000 hospitalizations, and 12,500 death ...
Guidance on Antiviral Drug Use during an Influenza Pandemic
Guidance on Antiviral Drug Use during an Influenza Pandemic

... Although an animal model study showed that a longer duration of treatment increased survival among mice infected with avian H5N1 virus, an expert panel convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) has not recommended changes in dose or duration when treating people with H5N1 infection. ...
National Influenza Pandemic Plan
National Influenza Pandemic Plan

... b) the avian virus has transcended the species barrier, and c) the avian influenza virus has been detected in samples from wild fowl that showed no sign of the disease (silent carriers). Based on all this and as long as people are still falling ill, there is a significant chance of re-assortment of ...
CDC Influenza Pandemic Operation Base Plan (OPLAN)
CDC Influenza Pandemic Operation Base Plan (OPLAN)

... stopped easily. However, it can be slowed, giving the U. S. time to prepare and/or time to develop and distribute antiviral drugs, vaccines and other countermeasures to mitigate the effects of a pandemic. The pandemic threat we now face is a new influenza strain, the Influenza A (H5N1). It is curren ...
P Pandemic Pre Joh c Influen eparedne hns Hop nza, Oth Infecti ess
P Pandemic Pre Joh c Influen eparedne hns Hop nza, Oth Infecti ess

... A pandemic is a global disease outbreak. An influenza pandemic occurs when a new influenza virus emerges to which people have little or no immunity. The disease spreads easily person-to-person and can sweep across a country and around the world in a very short time. An influenza pandemic is projecte ...
Human Health Issues related to Avian Influenza in Canada (PDF
Human Health Issues related to Avian Influenza in Canada (PDF

... migration of infected birds. Current Avian influenza (H5N1) affected areas, including a table of human H5N1 and avian H5N1 affected areas can be found at http://www.phacaspc.gc.ca/h5n1/index.html ...
U n i f
U n i f

... Department of Health (DOH). Unfortunately, planning considerations developed by the DOH also paint a dire image with only limited resources being able to be brought to bear by the DOH in an influenza pandemic. There is no scientific way to know the extent, impact, and duration of a possible influenz ...
Q: Is it a good idea to use rapid influenza diagnostic testing to
Q: Is it a good idea to use rapid influenza diagnostic testing to

... disease with suspected anthrax illness. Symptoms such as fever, body aches, and headaches are common to many different infections besides influenza and anthrax. Most flu-like illness is not caused by influenza (or anthrax). Influenza vaccine prevents influenza, but does not prevent other viral cause ...
helping patients manage cough, cold and flu
helping patients manage cough, cold and flu

... cough, cold and flu, as well as preventing their spread. Advanced practice clinicians are easily accessible to help patients with self- and prescriptiontreatment options, as well as prevention techniques. This continuing-education lesson will provide information about the cause, treatment and preven ...
2009 H1N1 Influenza General Talking Points
2009 H1N1 Influenza General Talking Points

... o However, anti-virals need to be given within the first 48 hours after you become ill in order to be most effective. o If you decide you need to talk to a health care provider, take steps to avoid exposing others to the flu:  Call first to see if you need to actually see your provider in person.  ...
Influenza Pandemic Plan Chapter 5
Influenza Pandemic Plan Chapter 5

... A comprehensive infection prevention and control program forms the basis of a successful pandemic influenza plan. Adherence to infection prevention and control policies and procedures is imperative to minimize the transmission of influenza whether or not vaccine and antiviral medications are availab ...
Pandemic Influenza Policy - Black Country Partnership NHS
Pandemic Influenza Policy - Black Country Partnership NHS

... Spread from person to person Cause illness in a high proportion of the people infected Spread widely, because most people will have little or no immunity to the new virus and will be susceptible to infection Such an influenza virus can spread rapidly, causing an epidemic within the country of origin ...
How to approach and treat viral infections in ICU
How to approach and treat viral infections in ICU

... Although data on viral nosocomial pneumonia are scarce, the role of respiratory viruses as a cause of nosocomial pneumonia is probably limited. In two studies in ICU patients, <5.5% of mechanically ventilated patients with VAP had a respiratory sample positive for respiratory viruses [6,72,78] and i ...
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Human mortality from H5N1

Human mortality from H5N1 or the human fatality ratio from H5N1 or the case-fatality rate of H5N1 refer to the ratio of the number of confirmed human deaths resulting from confirmed cases of transmission and infection of H5N1 to the number of those confirmed cases. For example, if there are 100 confirmed cases of humans infected with H5N1 and 10 die, then there is a 10% human fatality ratio (or mortality rate). H5N1 flu is a concern due to the global spread of H5N1 that constitutes a pandemic threat. The majority of H5N1 flu cases have been reported in southeast and east Asia. The case-fatality rate is central to pandemic planning. While estimates of case-fatality (CF) rates for past influenza pandemics have ranged from about 0.1% (1957 and 1968 pandemics) to 2.5% (1918 pandemic); the official World Health Organization estimate for the current outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza to date is around 60%. While the real H5N1 CF rate (what it would be if we had perfect knowledge) could be lower (one study suggests that the real H5N1 CF rate is closer to 14–33%); it is unlikely that, if it becomes a pandemic, it will go to the 0.1–0.4% level currently embraced by many pandemic plans.H5N1 infections in humans are generally caused by bird to human transmission of the virus. Until May 2006, the WHO estimate of the number of human to human transmission had been ""two or three cases"". On May 24, 2006, Dr. Julie L. Gerberding, director of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, estimated that there had been ""at least three."" On May 30, Maria Cheng, a WHO spokeswoman, said there were ""probably about half a dozen,"" but that no one ""has got a solid number."" The cases of suspected human to human transmission that continue to be found have been isolated and contained, and include transmission among members of a family in Sumatra, Indonesia in June 2006 as well as earlier and later instances arising in other countries. However, no pandemic strain of H5N1 has yet been found. The key point is that, at present, ""the virus is not spreading efficiently or sustainably among humans.""H5N1 vaccines for chickens exist and are sometimes used, although there are many difficulties that make it especially difficult to decide whether vaccination will do more harm than good. In the U.S. H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccines exist in quantities sufficient to inoculate a few million people and might be useful for priming to ""boost the immune response to a different H5N1 vaccine tailor-made years later to thwart an emerging pandemic"". Japan has inoculated 6,000 health care workers with a pre-pandemic vaccine, and is planning how to proceed with widespread vaccinations, particularly workers who would provide utilities during an outbreak. Switzerland is also considering preemptive vaccination to protect the general public. H5N1 pandemic vaccines and the technologies to rapidly create them are in the H5N1 clinical trials stage but cannot be verified as useful until after a pandemic strain emerges. Efforts to identify the changes that might result in a human-communicable strain have resulted in laboratory-generated H5N1 with substantially greater affinity for human cellular receptors after a change of just two of the H5 surface proteins. Significantly, mouse antibodies were 10 times less potent against the mutants than against the pre-mutated viruses.
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