Text S1 S1. Pampa del Tamarugal 20°
... deposits, most likely comprising two stratigraphic units. To the east of the eolian axis, light gray weathering conglomerates stretch from the line of dunes across the AdP top; the easternmost patches occur at ~3900 m altitude. This conglomerate is 50-100 m thick over a broad region, and displays a ...
... deposits, most likely comprising two stratigraphic units. To the east of the eolian axis, light gray weathering conglomerates stretch from the line of dunes across the AdP top; the easternmost patches occur at ~3900 m altitude. This conglomerate is 50-100 m thick over a broad region, and displays a ...
Investigation of the Low Velocity Layer using Shallow Seismic
... surface zone has various properties. Its top sediments are usually aerated, loose, unconsolidated with abnormally low velocities. It has variable thicknesses, densities and lithologies. It is characterized by low transmission of seismic waves and shots taken in this layer tend to be of low frequenci ...
... surface zone has various properties. Its top sediments are usually aerated, loose, unconsolidated with abnormally low velocities. It has variable thicknesses, densities and lithologies. It is characterized by low transmission of seismic waves and shots taken in this layer tend to be of low frequenci ...
Chapter 12 Section 1
... • A fault is a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another. • The rocks along both sides of a fault are commonly pressed together tightly. Although the rocks may be under stress, friction prevents them from moving past each other. In this state, a fault is said to be lock ...
... • A fault is a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another. • The rocks along both sides of a fault are commonly pressed together tightly. Although the rocks may be under stress, friction prevents them from moving past each other. In this state, a fault is said to be lock ...
Consulta: subjectFacets:"Crustal structure" Registros recuperados
... URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3543.pdf ...
... URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3543.pdf ...
A New Seismic Model of the Eastern Alps and its Relevance for
... S/N ratio. In case of 3D tomography, it has to be taken into account that travel times from crossline recordings are much more difficult to interpret than from inline recordings. For these reasons we further developed and applied 3D methods, which increase the S/N ratio and simplify the wave field. ...
... S/N ratio. In case of 3D tomography, it has to be taken into account that travel times from crossline recordings are much more difficult to interpret than from inline recordings. For these reasons we further developed and applied 3D methods, which increase the S/N ratio and simplify the wave field. ...
vauchez_etal_rheology_1998_hal
... specific issues: (1) as supported by a growing body of geophysical and geological observations, crust=mantle mechanical coupling is usually efficient, especially beneath major transcurrent faults which probably crosscut the lithosphere and root within the sublithospheric mantle; and (2) in most geod ...
... specific issues: (1) as supported by a growing body of geophysical and geological observations, crust=mantle mechanical coupling is usually efficient, especially beneath major transcurrent faults which probably crosscut the lithosphere and root within the sublithospheric mantle; and (2) in most geod ...
Rheological heterogeneity, mechanical anisotropy and
... specific issues: (1) as supported by a growing body of geophysical and geological observations, crust=mantle mechanical coupling is usually efficient, especially beneath major transcurrent faults which probably crosscut the lithosphere and root within the sublithospheric mantle; and (2) in most geod ...
... specific issues: (1) as supported by a growing body of geophysical and geological observations, crust=mantle mechanical coupling is usually efficient, especially beneath major transcurrent faults which probably crosscut the lithosphere and root within the sublithospheric mantle; and (2) in most geod ...
Evidence for both crustal and mantle earthquakes in the subducting
... [15] In a recent study, Hacker et al. [2002a, 2002b] tested the hypothesis that the intermediate-depth earthquakes in the upper and lower seismic zones are related to dehydration reactions. Based on thermal-petrological models, they predict eclogite transformation and associated seismicity in the up ...
... [15] In a recent study, Hacker et al. [2002a, 2002b] tested the hypothesis that the intermediate-depth earthquakes in the upper and lower seismic zones are related to dehydration reactions. Based on thermal-petrological models, they predict eclogite transformation and associated seismicity in the up ...
S Waves - new-technologies
... Earthquakes occur due to movements that take place within the Earth. Large pressures build up between huge plates of land both above and below the sea. The release of these pressures is accompanied by huge releases of energy as one land mass slides against another. ...
... Earthquakes occur due to movements that take place within the Earth. Large pressures build up between huge plates of land both above and below the sea. The release of these pressures is accompanied by huge releases of energy as one land mass slides against another. ...
Juniata College Shake, Rattle, and Roll Earthquake Board and
... shaking far from the earthquake source. (See seismic waves.) Thrust fault -See reverse fault and Figure 1. Transform boundary -A boundary between plates where the relative motion is horizontal. The San Andreas fault is a transform boundary between the North America plate and the Pacific plate. The B ...
... shaking far from the earthquake source. (See seismic waves.) Thrust fault -See reverse fault and Figure 1. Transform boundary -A boundary between plates where the relative motion is horizontal. The San Andreas fault is a transform boundary between the North America plate and the Pacific plate. The B ...
C3.3 The crust C3.3.1 Oceanic crust
... attempt to acquire a ship that would let researchers drill into the Moho. Cost escalations eventually killed the project. Project Mohole was abandoned in 1966 because of lack of funding, without ever taking a sample of the Moho. Drilling in deep water presents some very interesting engineering probl ...
... attempt to acquire a ship that would let researchers drill into the Moho. Cost escalations eventually killed the project. Project Mohole was abandoned in 1966 because of lack of funding, without ever taking a sample of the Moho. Drilling in deep water presents some very interesting engineering probl ...
Subduction and collision processes in the Central Andes
... plateaux (about 4 km) has been explained as an isostatic response to crustal thickening2,6. A low average P-wave velocity and low Poisson's ratio in the crust of the northern Altiplano have been reported from seismic observations, indicating tectonic shortening as the dominant mechanism of crustal t ...
... plateaux (about 4 km) has been explained as an isostatic response to crustal thickening2,6. A low average P-wave velocity and low Poisson's ratio in the crust of the northern Altiplano have been reported from seismic observations, indicating tectonic shortening as the dominant mechanism of crustal t ...
L09_Fundamentals of engineering seismology
... Causes of earthquakes, theory of plate tectonics Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other by appearing to drift across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept w ...
... Causes of earthquakes, theory of plate tectonics Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other by appearing to drift across the ocean bed. The speculation that continents might have 'drifted' was first put forward by Abraham Ortelius in 1596. The concept w ...
Melt-rich channel observed at the lithosphere
... impedance estimation approach at periods of 22–32,000 s (ref. 29). Supplementary Fig. 1 presents the data and two-dimensional inversion model fits. The data subset suitable for two-dimensional modelling was evaluated by inspecting impedance polarization diagrams (Supplementary Fig. 2). Sites S31–S34 ...
... impedance estimation approach at periods of 22–32,000 s (ref. 29). Supplementary Fig. 1 presents the data and two-dimensional inversion model fits. The data subset suitable for two-dimensional modelling was evaluated by inspecting impedance polarization diagrams (Supplementary Fig. 2). Sites S31–S34 ...
3-D crustal structure of the extensional Granada Basin in the
... within the upper part of the crust, large-scale fracturing may have an analogous effect. In deeper portions of the crust and in the upper mantle, however, it is likely that fractures and microcracks are no longer present because of the high confining pressures and metamorphic recrystallization. In s ...
... within the upper part of the crust, large-scale fracturing may have an analogous effect. In deeper portions of the crust and in the upper mantle, however, it is likely that fractures and microcracks are no longer present because of the high confining pressures and metamorphic recrystallization. In s ...
Crustal structure beneath the Indochina peninsula
... have been estimates previously: H = 44.1 ± 0.3 km; = 1.705 ± 0.015 for KMI, H = 32.0 ± 0.2 km; = 1.708 ± 0.010 for QIZ [Chen et al., 2010] and H = 29.6 ± 0.8 km; = 1.878 ± 0.026 for CHTO [Hu et al., 2008]. Our results are in good agreement with those studies, except for the estimates by Hu e ...
... have been estimates previously: H = 44.1 ± 0.3 km; = 1.705 ± 0.015 for KMI, H = 32.0 ± 0.2 km; = 1.708 ± 0.010 for QIZ [Chen et al., 2010] and H = 29.6 ± 0.8 km; = 1.878 ± 0.026 for CHTO [Hu et al., 2008]. Our results are in good agreement with those studies, except for the estimates by Hu e ...
A complex Tibetan upper mantle A fragmented Indian slab and no
... the data redundancy for the mixed-determined linear system. Here we apply an equal-weight scheme for the events within a 51 azimuth and 101 epicentral distance sector, recorded by the same station. A weight was assigned to the travel times based on how many events from the same azimuth and epicentra ...
... the data redundancy for the mixed-determined linear system. Here we apply an equal-weight scheme for the events within a 51 azimuth and 101 epicentral distance sector, recorded by the same station. A weight was assigned to the travel times based on how many events from the same azimuth and epicentra ...
and the Korea Strait
... and Disaster Prevention (NIED) and from 1 station of the Global Seismic Network (GSN) (Fig. 1). To understand group velocity structure in the study area, we constructed group velocity maps for several periods (5, 10, 20, 25, 30, and 36 s) using given waveform data. First, we calculated the noise cro ...
... and Disaster Prevention (NIED) and from 1 station of the Global Seismic Network (GSN) (Fig. 1). To understand group velocity structure in the study area, we constructed group velocity maps for several periods (5, 10, 20, 25, 30, and 36 s) using given waveform data. First, we calculated the noise cro ...
Types of seismic waveS
... and liquids. Primary 2. S-waves, which are transverse waves that can propagate in solids but not in liquids. Secondary Seismic waves have their direction of motion changed (refracted) by variations in the interior density. Thus, by studying the way such waves propagate in the Earth we can learn some ...
... and liquids. Primary 2. S-waves, which are transverse waves that can propagate in solids but not in liquids. Secondary Seismic waves have their direction of motion changed (refracted) by variations in the interior density. Thus, by studying the way such waves propagate in the Earth we can learn some ...
Ocean Upper Mantle Initiative: The oceanic lithosphere and its
... These questions are not only of fundamental importance to our understanding of how the solid Earth works but have profound consequences for other parts of the Earth system and also bear on questions of societal relevance. For example, the long term water and carbon cycles cannot be understood proper ...
... These questions are not only of fundamental importance to our understanding of how the solid Earth works but have profound consequences for other parts of the Earth system and also bear on questions of societal relevance. For example, the long term water and carbon cycles cannot be understood proper ...
Anisotropy of Elastic Behavior
... although they are not microscopically so. • Individual grains exhibit the crystalline anisotropy and symmetry, but when they form a poly-crystalline aggregate and are randomly oriented, the material is microscopically isotropic. • If the grains forming the poly-crystalline aggregate have preferred o ...
... although they are not microscopically so. • Individual grains exhibit the crystalline anisotropy and symmetry, but when they form a poly-crystalline aggregate and are randomly oriented, the material is microscopically isotropic. • If the grains forming the poly-crystalline aggregate have preferred o ...
2014072 - Geological Society of America
... deeper events in Northern Japan (Furumura & Kennett, 2005). The correlation length and aspect ratio of the scattering media is varied. Modelling shows that the coda decay is relatively insensitive to the shape of scatter (supplementary figure DR2). A single LVL and other scattering models, such as s ...
... deeper events in Northern Japan (Furumura & Kennett, 2005). The correlation length and aspect ratio of the scattering media is varied. Modelling shows that the coda decay is relatively insensitive to the shape of scatter (supplementary figure DR2). A single LVL and other scattering models, such as s ...
Anomalously thin transition zone and apparently isotropic upper
... the 410 km to 660 km mantle discontinuities beneath Bermuda using radial receiver functions. The 410 km discontinuity is usually interpreted as a mineral phase transformation from -olivine to wadsleyite, and the 660 km discontinuity has been demonstrated to represent the olivine phase change from r ...
... the 410 km to 660 km mantle discontinuities beneath Bermuda using radial receiver functions. The 410 km discontinuity is usually interpreted as a mineral phase transformation from -olivine to wadsleyite, and the 660 km discontinuity has been demonstrated to represent the olivine phase change from r ...
The Big MELT
... different medium, such as a glass, or when it is reflected in a mirror. The velocity of the seismic waves through the earth’s multi-layered interior reveals a lot of information about its structure and composition. The MELT Experiment was designed to determine the thickness of the ocean crust in the ...
... different medium, such as a glass, or when it is reflected in a mirror. The velocity of the seismic waves through the earth’s multi-layered interior reveals a lot of information about its structure and composition. The MELT Experiment was designed to determine the thickness of the ocean crust in the ...
Earthquakes and Earth`s Interior Summary
... Energy released at an earthquake’s focus radiates outward as body waves, which are of two kinds: P waves (Primary waves, which are compressional) and S waves (Secondary waves, which are shear waves). Earthquake energy also causes Earth’s surface to vibrate. These vibrations travel laterally as surfa ...
... Energy released at an earthquake’s focus radiates outward as body waves, which are of two kinds: P waves (Primary waves, which are compressional) and S waves (Secondary waves, which are shear waves). Earthquake energy also causes Earth’s surface to vibrate. These vibrations travel laterally as surfa ...