Wrench faults down to the asthenosphere
... [100] or [010] axes of olivine in the mantle are respectively the fastest and the slowest. On the other hand, S-waves propagating through a deformed upper mantle split into two quasi-S waves polarized in orthogonal planes; the fastest one is polarized in a plane containing both the maximum concentra ...
... [100] or [010] axes of olivine in the mantle are respectively the fastest and the slowest. On the other hand, S-waves propagating through a deformed upper mantle split into two quasi-S waves polarized in orthogonal planes; the fastest one is polarized in a plane containing both the maximum concentra ...
The inside of the Earth
... Process 1. Identify many waves, each with a different path 2. Measure either their amplitude and/or time of arrival 3. Reconstruct the structure through which the waves must have traveled ...
... Process 1. Identify many waves, each with a different path 2. Measure either their amplitude and/or time of arrival 3. Reconstruct the structure through which the waves must have traveled ...
Skinner Chapter 5
... called a ________________. 40. Energy released at an earthquake's focus radiates outward as two kinds of body waves: _______________ waves and _______________ waves. 41. The pronounced seismic discontinuity that marks the mantle-crust interface is called the ____________________. 42. Seismic waves t ...
... called a ________________. 40. Energy released at an earthquake's focus radiates outward as two kinds of body waves: _______________ waves and _______________ waves. 41. The pronounced seismic discontinuity that marks the mantle-crust interface is called the ____________________. 42. Seismic waves t ...
Earthquake Review
... the shaking will be. • The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Return to quiz ...
... the shaking will be. • The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Return to quiz ...
Seismic evidence for convection-driven motion of the North
... and is consistent with westward displacement of the base of the plate relative to its surface, at an average rate of 3.8 6 1.8 mm yr21. Here age-constrained ‘piercing points’ have enabled direct estimation of relative motion between the surface and underside of a plate. The relative displacement of ...
... and is consistent with westward displacement of the base of the plate relative to its surface, at an average rate of 3.8 6 1.8 mm yr21. Here age-constrained ‘piercing points’ have enabled direct estimation of relative motion between the surface and underside of a plate. The relative displacement of ...
Lithological Moho boundary in Precambrian shields
... part of the East European Craton (EEC) demonstrated that the Moho boundary is not always easily detectable by the methods based upon interpretation of P-waves (e.g. reflection profiling and wide-angle reflection and refraction experiments). Generally, the Moho appears to be reflective in the areas w ...
... part of the East European Craton (EEC) demonstrated that the Moho boundary is not always easily detectable by the methods based upon interpretation of P-waves (e.g. reflection profiling and wide-angle reflection and refraction experiments). Generally, the Moho appears to be reflective in the areas w ...
Chapter 8 - Earthquakes
... fault lines where the sliding action of these tectonic plates causes vibrations felt as earthquakes. Deformation – stress caused by the bending, tilting or folding of rock layers causing them to change shape. Plastic Deformation – rocks bend but do not break; these do NOT cause earthquakes. Elastic ...
... fault lines where the sliding action of these tectonic plates causes vibrations felt as earthquakes. Deformation – stress caused by the bending, tilting or folding of rock layers causing them to change shape. Plastic Deformation – rocks bend but do not break; these do NOT cause earthquakes. Elastic ...
Lecture - Ann Arbor Earth Science
... of many earthquakes has shown scientists that the rate at which P-waves and S-waves move depends upon the type and density of the material through which they travel. The velocity of the waves is greatest through material that is less rigid and less dense. ...
... of many earthquakes has shown scientists that the rate at which P-waves and S-waves move depends upon the type and density of the material through which they travel. The velocity of the waves is greatest through material that is less rigid and less dense. ...
Asthenospheric flow and origin of volcanism in the Baikal Rift area
... volcanic sites scattered within and around the rift zone [15]. The cause of the rifting has been attributed to the farfield stress associated with the India–Eurasia collision [16]. Occurrence of a deep-mantle plume beneath the rift zone has also been proposed, both as a contributor to the driving fo ...
... volcanic sites scattered within and around the rift zone [15]. The cause of the rifting has been attributed to the farfield stress associated with the India–Eurasia collision [16]. Occurrence of a deep-mantle plume beneath the rift zone has also been proposed, both as a contributor to the driving fo ...
The inside of the Earth Earth: Main ingredients Masses
... – S larger than P because shearing motion of quake produces shear waves (S) preferentially to compressional waves (P) – Surface waves larger than body waves because surface waves die away more slowly with ...
... – S larger than P because shearing motion of quake produces shear waves (S) preferentially to compressional waves (P) – Surface waves larger than body waves because surface waves die away more slowly with ...
Chapter 11 Part 3
... Learning Objective 2: I can identify the seismic characteristics of Earth’s major layers and identify some structures found by seismic tomography Reflections and refractions confirm the presence of discontinuities in rock density inside the Earth 2) Lithosphere: defines the tectonic plate. ...
... Learning Objective 2: I can identify the seismic characteristics of Earth’s major layers and identify some structures found by seismic tomography Reflections and refractions confirm the presence of discontinuities in rock density inside the Earth 2) Lithosphere: defines the tectonic plate. ...
... cracks to remain open (23). Both observations (23) and calculations based on simple theory for large finite strain (24) show the maximum difference in S-wave speeds when propagation is parallel to the intermediate principal axis of strain. Propagation is fastest for waves polarized parallel to the a ...
3D Imaging of the Earth`s Lithosphere Using Noise from Ocean Waves
... surface wave tomography from its dependence on earthquakes. ANT, in effect, becomes a controlled-source technique; that is, the path coverage in ANT is controlled by desired configurations of seismic stations. To date, most ANT studies focus on surface waves at periods shorter than 40/50 s because a ...
... surface wave tomography from its dependence on earthquakes. ANT, in effect, becomes a controlled-source technique; that is, the path coverage in ANT is controlled by desired configurations of seismic stations. To date, most ANT studies focus on surface waves at periods shorter than 40/50 s because a ...
Ambient Noise Tomography
... mantle. A recent innovation in seismic imaging based on using long time sequences of ambient seismic noise moves beyond some of the limitations imposed on earthquakebased methods to reveal high resolution information about the crust and uppermost mantle. This method is called Ambient Noise Tomograph ...
... mantle. A recent innovation in seismic imaging based on using long time sequences of ambient seismic noise moves beyond some of the limitations imposed on earthquakebased methods to reveal high resolution information about the crust and uppermost mantle. This method is called Ambient Noise Tomograph ...
Earthquakes
... tilting of the surface (as rocks deform due to inc. pressure) fluctuations in the water levels in wells changes in locations & frequency of small EQs increased number of foreshocks, etc. Long-term prediction: delineation of seismic gaps Seismic gaps locked areas along fault zones Locked areas aren ...
... tilting of the surface (as rocks deform due to inc. pressure) fluctuations in the water levels in wells changes in locations & frequency of small EQs increased number of foreshocks, etc. Long-term prediction: delineation of seismic gaps Seismic gaps locked areas along fault zones Locked areas aren ...
Distributed deformation in the lower crust and upper mantle beneath
... half of the Marlborough fault system, South Island, New Zealand, show a continuous unbroken Moho underlying a seismically anisotropic lower crust beneath the two northernmost faults of the fault system. These observations suggest that distributed deformation, not slip on a narrow vertical fault, acc ...
... half of the Marlborough fault system, South Island, New Zealand, show a continuous unbroken Moho underlying a seismically anisotropic lower crust beneath the two northernmost faults of the fault system. These observations suggest that distributed deformation, not slip on a narrow vertical fault, acc ...
Plate tectonics NB Name
... statement best explains why this occurred? A. S waves are much weaker than P waves. B. S waves travel faster that P waves. C. The liquid outer core prevents the S waves from travelling to seismic stations C and D. D. The solid outer core prevents the S waves from travelling to seismic stations C and ...
... statement best explains why this occurred? A. S waves are much weaker than P waves. B. S waves travel faster that P waves. C. The liquid outer core prevents the S waves from travelling to seismic stations C and D. D. The solid outer core prevents the S waves from travelling to seismic stations C and ...
Earthquakes Unit STUDY GUIDE
... The last seismic waves to arrive are a. P waves. c. surface waves. b. S waves. d. body waves. Strike-slip faults are prominent along ____ plate boundaries a. convergent c. transcontinental b. transform d. divergent Primary seismic waves a. are slower than secondary waves. b. are the result of sheari ...
... The last seismic waves to arrive are a. P waves. c. surface waves. b. S waves. d. body waves. Strike-slip faults are prominent along ____ plate boundaries a. convergent c. transcontinental b. transform d. divergent Primary seismic waves a. are slower than secondary waves. b. are the result of sheari ...
Seismic Wave
... pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just seismic waves that move through and around the like sound waves push and pull the air. These are Earth. A seismologist is a scientist who studies the fastest moving seismic waves and are always earthquakes and seismic waves. There are several the first ...
... pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just seismic waves that move through and around the like sound waves push and pull the air. These are Earth. A seismologist is a scientist who studies the fastest moving seismic waves and are always earthquakes and seismic waves. There are several the first ...
EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY Seismology is the study of
... all directions from the focus and travel with varying velocities (proportional to the density) through the solid parts of the Earth crust, mantle and core. P-waves: High frequency, short-wavelength, longitudinal waves, which have many of the same characteristics as S-waves – the major difference is ...
... all directions from the focus and travel with varying velocities (proportional to the density) through the solid parts of the Earth crust, mantle and core. P-waves: High frequency, short-wavelength, longitudinal waves, which have many of the same characteristics as S-waves – the major difference is ...
Earthquakes T. Perron – 12.001 – March 17, 2010 In our lab on
... Particle displacements are in the surface plane, normal to propagation direction. Essentially a horizontally polarized shear wave guided by the surface. Slightly faster than Rayleigh waves [PPT: Love waves in 1995 Kobe EQ] Why are there variations in K, µ, ρ? o Mineral composition o Mineral ph ...
... Particle displacements are in the surface plane, normal to propagation direction. Essentially a horizontally polarized shear wave guided by the surface. Slightly faster than Rayleigh waves [PPT: Love waves in 1995 Kobe EQ] Why are there variations in K, µ, ρ? o Mineral composition o Mineral ph ...
Upper Mantle Seismic Anisotropy Beneath the West Antarctic Rift
... high-stresses, low temperatures and the presence of water) predicts that fast axes will align normal to the direction of maximum shear (Jung & Karato 2001). Experimental studies have shown that the development of olivine fabrics depends greatly on the conditions of deformation, including, stress, wa ...
... high-stresses, low temperatures and the presence of water) predicts that fast axes will align normal to the direction of maximum shear (Jung & Karato 2001). Experimental studies have shown that the development of olivine fabrics depends greatly on the conditions of deformation, including, stress, wa ...
01 - Mayfield City Schools
... _____ 22. Which of the following is the fastest type of seismic wave? a. surface waves c. S waves b. body waves d. P waves _____ 23. Waves that travel through solids, liquids, and gases are a. surface waves. c. P waves. b. S waves. d. convergent waves. _____ 24. Another name for a pressure wave is a ...
... _____ 22. Which of the following is the fastest type of seismic wave? a. surface waves c. S waves b. body waves d. P waves _____ 23. Waves that travel through solids, liquids, and gases are a. surface waves. c. P waves. b. S waves. d. convergent waves. _____ 24. Another name for a pressure wave is a ...
Chapter 8 Section 1 Guided Reading
... _____ 22. Which of the following is the fastest type of seismic wave? a. surface waves c. S waves b. body waves d. P waves _____ 23. Waves that travel through solids, liquids, and gases are a. surface waves. c. P waves. b. S waves. d. convergent waves. _____ 24. Another name for a pressure wave is a ...
... _____ 22. Which of the following is the fastest type of seismic wave? a. surface waves c. S waves b. body waves d. P waves _____ 23. Waves that travel through solids, liquids, and gases are a. surface waves. c. P waves. b. S waves. d. convergent waves. _____ 24. Another name for a pressure wave is a ...