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Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma genitalium

... chromosome? • not all genomes are small • very little wasted space, very few with introns ...
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... very useful information about each product - for example, structure, solubility, IC50 and references. This is nice, but then one needs to buy a subscription for a regular on-line update. Some products, although mentioned in the text (e.g. LY294002 and PD98059), are not described in this second part. ...
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... Only one of the females X chromosomes is active • The other becomes a Barr body • When assorted into an ovum, the Barr body becomes activated again • Which X becomes Barr body is random in each cell • Approx. 50% express each allele (if ...
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... Reproductive cell; eggs and sperm Specific characteristics Traits determined by genes located on the X chromosome In the first meiotic division chromosomes exchange segments of their DNA The likelihood, or chance, something will happen A change in the DNA Containing a single (half) set of chromosome ...
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... The female calico cats have two chromosomes with different alleles for fur color. Both alleles are expressed in a random pattern. The male cat has only one X chromosome, and it’s allele for fur color is expressed across the entire body. Xº = Orange fur Xº = Black fur allele ...
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... Alterations of chromosome number • Nondisjunction – ▫ members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis I ▫ Or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II. ▫ Trisomic, monosomic cells ▫ Polyploid – organisms with more than two complete sets of chromosomes ...
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... Clusters of Hox genes exist in the DNA of other animals, including the mouse shown, and humans. These genes are arranged in the same way—from head to tail. The colored areas on the mouse show the approximate body areas affected by genes of the corresponding colors. ...
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Epigenetics of human development

Development before birth, including gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and fetal development, is the process of body development from the gametes are formed to eventually combine into a zygote to when the fully developed organism exits the uterus. Epigenetic processes are vital to fetal development due to the need to differentiate from a single cell to a variety of cell types that are arranged in such a way to produce cohesive tissues, organs, and systems.Epigenetic modifications such as methylation of CpGs (a dinucleotide composed of a 2'-deoxycytosine and a 2' deoxyguanosine) and histone tail modifications allow activation or repression of certain genes within a cell, in order to create cell memory either in favor of using a gene or not using a gene. These modifications can either originate from the parental DNA, or can be added to the gene by various proteins and can contribute to differentiation. Processes that alter the epigenetic profile of a gene include production of activating or repressing protein complexes, usage of non-coding RNAs to guide proteins capable of modification, and the proliferation of a signal by having protein complexes attract either another protein complex or more DNA in order to modify other locations in the gene.
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