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Biology - Edexcel
Biology - Edexcel

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

... Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the chemical compound that contains the instructions needed to develop and direct the activities of nearly all living organisms. DNA molecules are made of two twisting, paired strands, often referred to as a double helix. Each DNA strand is ...
NUCLEIC ACID
NUCLEIC ACID

... SIMPLE FACTS ABOUT DNA AND GENES • The information for development and specific function is stored in genes. • A gene is portion of genetic information definable according to the structure and functions. • Genes lie on chromosomes in the nuclei of the cells. • Chromosomes are made up of long chains ...
Biology 20 Protein Synthesis DNA: How is this linear information
Biology 20 Protein Synthesis DNA: How is this linear information

... The proteins produced are in the 1˚ level of protein structure, which the genes determine Some proteins are modified further before they do their specific jobs What are some of the possible roles for these proteins? The following tRNA has the anticodon UAC. What is the DNA base code for this tRNA? W ...
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

... Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the chemical compound that contains the instructions needed to develop and direct the activities of nearly all living organisms. DNA molecules are made of two twisting, paired strands, often referred to as a double helix. Each DNA strand is ...
DNA-protein interaction
DNA-protein interaction

... Identify regions of genome that is “protein-free” as regions that active regions, indicating certain regulatory events are happening at the regions ...
1 Comparative Genomics II 1. Background Two major questions of
1 Comparative Genomics II 1. Background Two major questions of

... 230 (80%) were found in the fly 212 (73%) were found in the worm 120 (42%) were found in yeast Conclusion: Model organisms, especially Drosophila, can be very useful for studying human disease. By 2007, the complete genomes of 12 different Drosophila species had been sequenced. Although these are al ...
Document
Document

C1. Epigenetic refers to the idea that a genetic phenomenon seems
C1. Epigenetic refers to the idea that a genetic phenomenon seems

... particles that produce traits such as killer paramecia and the sex ratio trait in Drosophila. C26. The term reciprocal cross refers to two parallel crosses that involve the same genotypes of the two parents, but their sexes are opposite in the two crosses. For example: female BB × male bb and a reci ...
Understanding Human Biological Variation
Understanding Human Biological Variation

... any of the purported races, and between any two populations  Greatest genetic variation known is among small camps of West Africans (10-20 people), or within this small group ...
Lec3-Molecular-Aspects-of-Lymphocyte-Transformation
Lec3-Molecular-Aspects-of-Lymphocyte-Transformation

... gene on the X chromosome causes Hemophilia A. Normally, females have two X chromosomes, whereas males have one X and one Y chromosome. Since males have only a single copy of any gene located on the X chromosome, they cannot offset damage to that gene with an additional copy as can females. Consequen ...
7-Crossing over1 - Science-with
7-Crossing over1 - Science-with

... Morgan observed that in a small number of dihybrid crosses the offspring had different combinations of traits than the parents ...
Multiple Alleles, Polygenic and Sex
Multiple Alleles, Polygenic and Sex

... Genes located on the X or Y chromosomes Most sex-linked genes are found on the X chromosome - The human Y chromosome is much smaller and appears to contain only few genes. - Father determines the sex of the offspring - The chance is always 50-50 for either sex - A recessive gene has no matching gene ...
Biol
Biol

Genetics Exam 3_key
Genetics Exam 3_key

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chapt09_lecture

... • A second tRNA with the complementary anticodon fills the A site • A peptide bond is formed • The first tRNA is released and the ribosome slides down to the next codon • Another tRNA fills the A site and a peptide bond is formed • This process continues until a stop codon is ...
Characteristic passed from parent to offspring
Characteristic passed from parent to offspring

... Characteristic passed from parent to offspring? ...
Script 2
Script 2

... [2] A simple definition of evolution is change in living things over time. [3] More specifically, evolution is a change in the genetic makeup of a specific population of living things. / Even more precisely, it is referred to as the change in gene frequency in a population over time. [4] Let’s think ...
problem set
problem set

... genes, and duplicated or diverged genes in gene families (Table 6.1). In humans, roughly equal numbers of protein-coding genes fall into these two categories. Examples of gene and protein families are the ß-globin and tubulin families. Gene families consist of duplicated genes that encode proteins w ...
Lab Section: TA
Lab Section: TA

... Section I: True or False statements. (½ mark each - no penalty for wrong answers). Q Statement True 1 A basic tenet of the theory of punctuated equilibrium is that A anagenesis can occur without cladogenesis 2 A photoheterotroph is an organism that obtains its energy A from sunlight and carbon from ...
Genes and CHI
Genes and CHI

... Genes are the ‘blueprints’ of who we are, as individuals. There are many genes in the body and put together, they form the genetic code. Mutations are ‘spelling mistakes’ or ‘faults’ in these genetic codes. There are several genes in the body that help in controlling how insulin is made and pushed o ...
3.1 Teacher Notes
3.1 Teacher Notes

... a. Operons are segments of DNA where a transcription factor (a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA) can bind b. The operon regulates gene expression! Control of Gene expression a. How a gene expr ...
PPT
PPT

... – The immune system produces blood proteins • That may cause clotting when blood cells of a different type enter the body. ...
How Genes Work With Evolution
How Genes Work With Evolution

... selective advantage of this variation? (In other words, how does that color let individuals survive instead of other members of the species?) __________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What variations (c ...
Haploid (__)
Haploid (__)

... Entire human _______ (from all 46 chromosomes)if lined up would be about ________ long --- if just 1 place to start replication it would take _____ BUT each chromosome is replicated in about _____ sections about ______ nucleotides this entire process takes about __________ ...
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Epigenetics of human development

Development before birth, including gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and fetal development, is the process of body development from the gametes are formed to eventually combine into a zygote to when the fully developed organism exits the uterus. Epigenetic processes are vital to fetal development due to the need to differentiate from a single cell to a variety of cell types that are arranged in such a way to produce cohesive tissues, organs, and systems.Epigenetic modifications such as methylation of CpGs (a dinucleotide composed of a 2'-deoxycytosine and a 2' deoxyguanosine) and histone tail modifications allow activation or repression of certain genes within a cell, in order to create cell memory either in favor of using a gene or not using a gene. These modifications can either originate from the parental DNA, or can be added to the gene by various proteins and can contribute to differentiation. Processes that alter the epigenetic profile of a gene include production of activating or repressing protein complexes, usage of non-coding RNAs to guide proteins capable of modification, and the proliferation of a signal by having protein complexes attract either another protein complex or more DNA in order to modify other locations in the gene.
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