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1. The person generally directly responsible for
1. The person generally directly responsible for

... A. any person or entity that owns shares of stock of a corporation. B. any person or entity that has voting rights based on stock ownership of a corporation. C a person who initially started a firm and currently has management control over the cash flows of the . firm due to his/her current ownershi ...
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... special rules to discourage U.S. investors from seeking to defer U.S. taxation of their investment income by moving it offshore through the acquisition of equity securities in a PFIC that does not distribute its earnings currently. The rules require U.S. investors in a PFIC to pay what amount to sig ...
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... Authorization of the Board of Directors to issue share capital In accordance with Dutch law and the Articles of Association, shares shall be issued pursuant to a resolution passed by the Shareholders' Meeting, upon the proposal of the Board of Directors containing the price and further terms and co ...
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... (b) any individual who has opened a demat account before the notification of the Scheme but has not made any transactions in the equity segment or the derivative segment till the date of notification of the Scheme, and any individual who is not the first account holder of an existing joint demat acc ...
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... o Business stays private and makes enough profits to pay returns to investors o Management buy-out of the early stage investors, or o IPO.  Crowdfunding recently adopted by the JOBS Act in 2012, though enabling Rules and Regulations not yet adopted by the SEC making Crowdfunding active. No such thi ...
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... do not affect the price. Hence, prices should rise above their full-information values when a ban is imposed, and decline when it is lifted. Miller’s mechanical prediction does not survive in the rational expectations framework of Diamond and Verrecchia (1987), where risk-neutral investors adjust t ...
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Short (finance)



In finance, short selling (also known as shorting or going short) is the practice of selling securities or other financial instruments that are not currently owned, and subsequently repurchasing them (""covering""). In the event of an interim price decline, the short seller will profit, since the cost of (re)purchase will be less than the proceeds which were received upon the initial (short) sale. Conversely, the short position will be closed out at a loss in the event that the price of a shorted instrument should rise prior to repurchase. The potential loss on a short sale is theoretically unlimited in the event of an unlimited rise in the price of the instrument, however in practice the short seller will be required to post margin or collateral to cover losses, and any inability to do so on a timely basis would cause its broker or counterparty to liquidate the position. In the securities markets, the seller generally must borrow the securities in order to effect delivery in the short sale. In some cases, the short seller must pay a fee to borrow the securities and must additionally reimburse the lender for cash returns the lender would have received had the securities not been loaned out.Short selling is most commonly done with instruments traded in public securities, futures or currency markets, due to the liquidity and real-time price dissemination characteristic of such markets and because the instruments defined within each class are fungible.In practical terms, going short can be considered the opposite of the conventional practice of ""going long"", whereby an investor profits from an increase in the price of the asset. Mathematically, the return from a short position is equivalent to that of owning (being ""long"") a negative amount of the instrument. A short sale may be motivated by a variety of objectives. Speculators may sell short in the hope of realizing a profit on an instrument which appears to be overvalued, just as long investors or speculators hope to profit from a rise in the price of an instrument which appears undervalued. Traders or fund managers may hedge a long position or a portfolio through one or more short positions.
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