Future Supernova Projects
... A universe with a flat geometry composed of one third matter density, and two thirds dark energy. ...
... A universe with a flat geometry composed of one third matter density, and two thirds dark energy. ...
Seyfert Galaxies - Otterbein University
... • Edwin Hubble identified single stars in the Andromeda nebula (“turning” it into a galaxy) • Measured the distance to Andromeda to be 1 million Ly (modern value: 2.2 mill. Ly) • Conclusion: it is 20 times more distant than the milky way’s radius Extragalacticity! ...
... • Edwin Hubble identified single stars in the Andromeda nebula (“turning” it into a galaxy) • Measured the distance to Andromeda to be 1 million Ly (modern value: 2.2 mill. Ly) • Conclusion: it is 20 times more distant than the milky way’s radius Extragalacticity! ...
Constraining the Topology of the Universe
... circles being compared scales as N 3 , and each comparison takes N 1=2 operations. The simplest implementation of the search at the resolution of the WMAP data (r 9) would take greater than 1022 operations. This is not computationally feasible. However, with the algorithms outlined below, we can ...
... circles being compared scales as N 3 , and each comparison takes N 1=2 operations. The simplest implementation of the search at the resolution of the WMAP data (r 9) would take greater than 1022 operations. This is not computationally feasible. However, with the algorithms outlined below, we can ...
Cosmological models, nonideal fluids and viscous forces in general relativity
... The search for the correct model describing our Universe is a subject of constant debate since the first days of general relativity. The current concordance model of cosmology we are familiar with from many textbooks is named Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM). It assumes spatial homogeneity and isotropy on ...
... The search for the correct model describing our Universe is a subject of constant debate since the first days of general relativity. The current concordance model of cosmology we are familiar with from many textbooks is named Λ-Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM). It assumes spatial homogeneity and isotropy on ...
Kalam Cosmological Argument
... Sometimes it is said that quantum physics furnishes an exception to premise (1), since on the sub-atomic level events are said to be uncaused. In the same way, certain theories of cosmic origins are interpreted as showing that the whole universe could have sprung into being out of the sub-atomic vac ...
... Sometimes it is said that quantum physics furnishes an exception to premise (1), since on the sub-atomic level events are said to be uncaused. In the same way, certain theories of cosmic origins are interpreted as showing that the whole universe could have sprung into being out of the sub-atomic vac ...
Galaxies
... • They often look like a star, due to their great distance (the rest of their galaxy structure can’t be seen). • Many quasars reveal more structure when viewed in radio wavelengths. ...
... • They often look like a star, due to their great distance (the rest of their galaxy structure can’t be seen). • Many quasars reveal more structure when viewed in radio wavelengths. ...
Neutrinos in an Expanding Universe Paper (IOP)
... (anti-)neutrinos were in thermal equilibrium with the other particles that made up the primordial soup: photons, electrons, positrons and nucleons. When the Universe was about 1 second old, the neutrinos decoupled and thus turned into relics of the Big Bang. Since that time, they have behaved like a ...
... (anti-)neutrinos were in thermal equilibrium with the other particles that made up the primordial soup: photons, electrons, positrons and nucleons. When the Universe was about 1 second old, the neutrinos decoupled and thus turned into relics of the Big Bang. Since that time, they have behaved like a ...
Spacephysics - The summary
... n) the Big Bang has been accepted to be the process of a black hole (2003), although Space physics rejects the model of a Big Bang (because in Big Bang free energy is proposed at first step of expansion, whereas in Space physics space is created by the first spation appearing by the tunnel effect). ...
... n) the Big Bang has been accepted to be the process of a black hole (2003), although Space physics rejects the model of a Big Bang (because in Big Bang free energy is proposed at first step of expansion, whereas in Space physics space is created by the first spation appearing by the tunnel effect). ...
driving galaxy evolution since z=1
... 1. What we know about galaxy formation a) The local Universe b) Evolution since z<1 ...
... 1. What we know about galaxy formation a) The local Universe b) Evolution since z<1 ...
Transits - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group
... planet HD189733b at 8 microns with Spitzer reveal the changing brightness of the planet as it rotates • The hottest point on the “day” side is offset slightly from the expected position – Extreme weather? ...
... planet HD189733b at 8 microns with Spitzer reveal the changing brightness of the planet as it rotates • The hottest point on the “day” side is offset slightly from the expected position – Extreme weather? ...
Six thousand versus 14 Billion: How large and how old is the
... of a human hair! You would not be able to notice this shift with your bare eye (let alone hit a bullseye that small). Such a measurement is very difficult to do and no wonder it took until the 19th century to actually detect a parallax shift reliably. In fact, it still is hard today, but appare ...
... of a human hair! You would not be able to notice this shift with your bare eye (let alone hit a bullseye that small). Such a measurement is very difficult to do and no wonder it took until the 19th century to actually detect a parallax shift reliably. In fact, it still is hard today, but appare ...
Observing the Clustering of Matter and Galaxies
... Finger-of-God and Inflow Signature Axis ratio of the correlation in the space-velocity plane as a function of scale ...
... Finger-of-God and Inflow Signature Axis ratio of the correlation in the space-velocity plane as a function of scale ...
Introduction to Dark Matter
... in the study of dark matter. The notion that gravity can bend rays of light was proposed already by Newton, although the magnitude of this effect cannot be correctly predicted by Newtonian gravity. Instead, the full machinery of Einstein´s theory of general relativity is required. In 1919, Eddington ...
... in the study of dark matter. The notion that gravity can bend rays of light was proposed already by Newton, although the magnitude of this effect cannot be correctly predicted by Newtonian gravity. Instead, the full machinery of Einstein´s theory of general relativity is required. In 1919, Eddington ...
The Milky Way and Dark Matter
... that exists between any two objects with mass. Because dark matter has mass it exerts a discernible gravitational force on the objects that surround it. Dark matter was first proposed by Fritz Zwicky in 1934 to explain why galaxies seemed to move much more quickly around each other than predicted. ...
... that exists between any two objects with mass. Because dark matter has mass it exerts a discernible gravitational force on the objects that surround it. Dark matter was first proposed by Fritz Zwicky in 1934 to explain why galaxies seemed to move much more quickly around each other than predicted. ...
What We Might Learn from Gravitational Waves
... Predictable, analytic, universal distribution. Independent of all details of source population. Extreme value statistics. For 4 events, loudest has SNR>14.5 (for threshold =12; 90% likelihood). SNR>31 for 40 events. SNR>42 for 100 events. ...
... Predictable, analytic, universal distribution. Independent of all details of source population. Extreme value statistics. For 4 events, loudest has SNR>14.5 (for threshold =12; 90% likelihood). SNR>31 for 40 events. SNR>42 for 100 events. ...
The Milky Way - National Tsing Hua University
... have discovered so far to answer five essential questions: • What evidence shows that some galactic nuclei are active? ...
... have discovered so far to answer five essential questions: • What evidence shows that some galactic nuclei are active? ...
low surface brightness galaxies
... that can be used for classification • a decreasing luminosity ratio of bulge and disk, with Lbulge/Ldisk ~ 0.3 for Sa’s and ~ 0.05 for Sc’s • an increasing opening angle of the spiral arms, from ~ 6◦ for Sa’s to ~18◦ for Sc’s; • an increasing brightness structure along the spiral arms: Sa’s have a “ ...
... that can be used for classification • a decreasing luminosity ratio of bulge and disk, with Lbulge/Ldisk ~ 0.3 for Sa’s and ~ 0.05 for Sc’s • an increasing opening angle of the spiral arms, from ~ 6◦ for Sa’s to ~18◦ for Sc’s; • an increasing brightness structure along the spiral arms: Sa’s have a “ ...
Measurements of Dark Energy Lecture 2: Expansion Kinematics
... Main sample 800,000 galaxies z < 0.15 < 500 Mpc radius ...
... Main sample 800,000 galaxies z < 0.15 < 500 Mpc radius ...
Probing Gravity with Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background Sarah Church Stanford University
... We can average over m values because the universe has no preferred orientation ∆Tl 2 = Cl = alm al′m′ ...
... We can average over m values because the universe has no preferred orientation ∆Tl 2 = Cl = alm al′m′ ...
17.1 Introduction
... plot showing that galaxies are receding from us with a radial velocity proportional to their distance. The logical conclusion is that our Universe is in a state of expansion, and Hubble’s discovery stands as one of the most profound of the twentieth century. This result had been anticipated two year ...
... plot showing that galaxies are receding from us with a radial velocity proportional to their distance. The logical conclusion is that our Universe is in a state of expansion, and Hubble’s discovery stands as one of the most profound of the twentieth century. This result had been anticipated two year ...
Chapter 27
... • This picture was taken by pointing the Hubble telescope at a tiny region of space, empty of nearby stars or galaxies. • It required combining many hours of observations to make this picture. • More than 10,000 galaxies are found in this picture! March 21, 2006 ...
... • This picture was taken by pointing the Hubble telescope at a tiny region of space, empty of nearby stars or galaxies. • It required combining many hours of observations to make this picture. • More than 10,000 galaxies are found in this picture! March 21, 2006 ...
6th Grade The Theoretical Beginning of the Universe / Big Bang
... 5 Which best describes the Big Bang Theory? A The universe has always been the way it is today. B The universe began from a dying star C The universe was created by a singleexplosion The universe is full of explosions, or "big bangs," D that are making it expand ...
... 5 Which best describes the Big Bang Theory? A The universe has always been the way it is today. B The universe began from a dying star C The universe was created by a singleexplosion The universe is full of explosions, or "big bangs," D that are making it expand ...
Gravitational waves - LIGO
... GWs aren’t just a new band, they’re a new spectrum, with very different and complementary properties to EM waves. • Vibrations of space-time, not in space-time • Emitted by coherent motion of huge masses moving at near light-speed; not vibrations of electrons in atoms • Can’t be absorbed, scattered, ...
... GWs aren’t just a new band, they’re a new spectrum, with very different and complementary properties to EM waves. • Vibrations of space-time, not in space-time • Emitted by coherent motion of huge masses moving at near light-speed; not vibrations of electrons in atoms • Can’t be absorbed, scattered, ...
Photon-Graviton Recycling as Cause of Gravitation
... As already discussed, the cosmological redshift of light is assumed to be due to an interaction between photons and gravitons, the latter being associated with the other masses along the photon trajectory. In this process, all photons, including RWBR photons, are attenuated in their passage through ...
... As already discussed, the cosmological redshift of light is assumed to be due to an interaction between photons and gravitons, the latter being associated with the other masses along the photon trajectory. In this process, all photons, including RWBR photons, are attenuated in their passage through ...
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution. The model accounts for the fact that the universe expanded from a very high density and high temperature state, and offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background, large scale structure, and Hubble's Law. If the known laws of physics are extrapolated beyond where they are valid, there is a singularity. Modern measurements place this moment at approximately 13.8 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the universe. After the initial expansion, the universe cooled sufficiently to allow the formation of subatomic particles, and later simple atoms. Giant clouds of these primordial elements later coalesced through gravity to form stars and galaxies.Since Georges Lemaître first noted, in 1927, that an expanding universe might be traced back in time to an originating single point, scientists have built on his idea of cosmic expansion. While the scientific community was once divided between supporters of two different expanding universe theories, the Big Bang and the Steady State theory, accumulated empirical evidence provides strong support for the former. In 1929, from analysis of galactic redshifts, Edwin Hubble concluded that galaxies are drifting apart, important observational evidence consistent with the hypothesis of an expanding universe. In 1965, the cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, since that theory predicted the existence of background radiation throughout the universe before it was discovered. More recently, measurements of the redshifts of supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an observation attributed to dark energy's existence. The known physical laws of nature can be used to calculate the characteristics of the universe in detail back in time to an initial state of extreme density and temperature.