Glossary 29Sept2012_Genetics
... chromosomes in 23 pairs. One member of each pair is inherited from the mother, the other from the father. Chromosomes coil when cells are about to divide. complementary DNA (cDNA): DNA that is synthesized from a messenger RNA template; the single-stranded form is often used as a probe in physical ma ...
... chromosomes in 23 pairs. One member of each pair is inherited from the mother, the other from the father. Chromosomes coil when cells are about to divide. complementary DNA (cDNA): DNA that is synthesized from a messenger RNA template; the single-stranded form is often used as a probe in physical ma ...
BBHH BBHh
... Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation ...
... Beneficial mutations – allows organism to better survive: provides genetic variation ...
Test 5 Notecards
... transcription: DNA is transformed into mRNA; remember to replace T’s with U’s. translation: mRNA strand is used to determine the amino acid sequence RNA vs. DNA: sugars are different, RNA has uracil instead of thymine; DNA is double stranded, RNA is single. mutations: a change in DNA that causes gen ...
... transcription: DNA is transformed into mRNA; remember to replace T’s with U’s. translation: mRNA strand is used to determine the amino acid sequence RNA vs. DNA: sugars are different, RNA has uracil instead of thymine; DNA is double stranded, RNA is single. mutations: a change in DNA that causes gen ...
5.3 Meiosis - VCLivingEnvironment
... • Meiosis I begins with one diploid (2n) cell. • By the end of meiosis II, there are four haploid (n) cells. • These haploid cells are called sex cells— gametes. • Male gametes are called sperm. • Female gametes are called eggs. • When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting zygote once again has t ...
... • Meiosis I begins with one diploid (2n) cell. • By the end of meiosis II, there are four haploid (n) cells. • These haploid cells are called sex cells— gametes. • Male gametes are called sperm. • Female gametes are called eggs. • When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the resulting zygote once again has t ...
BIO 10 Lecture 9 REPRODUCTION: MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
... – Number of chromosome sets halved – Daughter cells contain half the DNA of the parent cell and the DNA is “mixed up” – 2 cell divisions - Location: - Sexual organs only - Outcome: - 4 genetically different eggs or sperm ...
... – Number of chromosome sets halved – Daughter cells contain half the DNA of the parent cell and the DNA is “mixed up” – 2 cell divisions - Location: - Sexual organs only - Outcome: - 4 genetically different eggs or sperm ...
Mendel and Meiosis
... from parent to offspring for each trait. F1 plants must be heterozygous because the P generation only passed on one tall allele and one short allele. The F1 plant will then pass on to its offspring either a tall or a short allele, never both. ...
... from parent to offspring for each trait. F1 plants must be heterozygous because the P generation only passed on one tall allele and one short allele. The F1 plant will then pass on to its offspring either a tall or a short allele, never both. ...
Introduction to the Cell Cycle and Inheritance
... a) Predict the percentage of offspring expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered seals, one that is homozygous dominant and the other that is heterozygous? b) If the genotype of one parent seal is WW and the other is ww, what percent of offspring is predicted to have the s ...
... a) Predict the percentage of offspring expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered seals, one that is homozygous dominant and the other that is heterozygous? b) If the genotype of one parent seal is WW and the other is ww, what percent of offspring is predicted to have the s ...
Genetics - TeacherWeb
... -Traits are determined by many loci so there is a range of phenotypes -ex: skin pigmentation in humans is controlled by 3 genes—A, B, C—which show incomplete dominance; the more capital letters, the darker the skin color (the more melanin is produced) Sex Chromosomes -Humans have 23 pairs of chromos ...
... -Traits are determined by many loci so there is a range of phenotypes -ex: skin pigmentation in humans is controlled by 3 genes—A, B, C—which show incomplete dominance; the more capital letters, the darker the skin color (the more melanin is produced) Sex Chromosomes -Humans have 23 pairs of chromos ...
NUMERICAL MUTATIONS - Development of e
... genetic diversity and producing species showing an increase in size, vigour and an increased resistance to disease. The polyploid types are named triploid (3x), tetraploid (4x), pentaploid (5x), hexaploid ...
... genetic diversity and producing species showing an increase in size, vigour and an increased resistance to disease. The polyploid types are named triploid (3x), tetraploid (4x), pentaploid (5x), hexaploid ...
1) Two identical daughter cells result
... following is NOT a way some cells are differentiated during development ? A Cells are affected by other cells near them as they develop. B The type and concentration of many different hormones in their environment affects how cells develop. C Some of the cell types develop from the sperm cell and so ...
... following is NOT a way some cells are differentiated during development ? A Cells are affected by other cells near them as they develop. B The type and concentration of many different hormones in their environment affects how cells develop. C Some of the cell types develop from the sperm cell and so ...
Chapter Three Study Guide
... Walter Sutton: *First person to come up with the idea that chromosomes were the key to inheritance. Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: Genes are carried from parent to offspring on chromosomes. [Found in the nucleus.] Sex Cells: One from each parent……………. Egg Cell (Female) Sperm Cell (Male) *Each sex ...
... Walter Sutton: *First person to come up with the idea that chromosomes were the key to inheritance. Chromosome Theory of Inheritance: Genes are carried from parent to offspring on chromosomes. [Found in the nucleus.] Sex Cells: One from each parent……………. Egg Cell (Female) Sperm Cell (Male) *Each sex ...
Chromosomes & Inheritance
... chromosomes or sister chromatids do not split evenly into gametes • Result – some have more, some have less • Abnormal chromosome # - aneuploidy • Extra copy – trisomic • 1 copy missing – monosomic • Extra full sets – polyploidy (occurs in plants) ...
... chromosomes or sister chromatids do not split evenly into gametes • Result – some have more, some have less • Abnormal chromosome # - aneuploidy • Extra copy – trisomic • 1 copy missing – monosomic • Extra full sets – polyploidy (occurs in plants) ...
Showing the 3D shape of our chromosomes
... chromosome actually shows a structure that occurs only transiently in cells – at a point when they are just about to divide. “The vast majority of cells in an organism have finished dividing and their chromosomes don’t look anything like the X-shape. Chromosomes in these cells exist in a very differ ...
... chromosome actually shows a structure that occurs only transiently in cells – at a point when they are just about to divide. “The vast majority of cells in an organism have finished dividing and their chromosomes don’t look anything like the X-shape. Chromosomes in these cells exist in a very differ ...
Chapter 12: Patterns of Heredity and Human Genetics
... Trait that is controlled by many different genes Example: height and skin color for humans is a polygenic trait Abnormal numbers of chromosomes Having an extra chromosome is called a Trisomy Having one less chromosome is called a monosomy. Karyotype: picture of an individual’s chromosomes o Wi ...
... Trait that is controlled by many different genes Example: height and skin color for humans is a polygenic trait Abnormal numbers of chromosomes Having an extra chromosome is called a Trisomy Having one less chromosome is called a monosomy. Karyotype: picture of an individual’s chromosomes o Wi ...
Biology Notes - Chapter 6 SECTION 1
... This is basically like the PMAT of a regular mitosis. Prophase I the duplicated DNA condenses into compact structures, the nuclear envelope surrounding the DNA begins to break down. Metaphase I the chromosomes align in the center of the cell, centrioles move to the polar ends of the cell and p ...
... This is basically like the PMAT of a regular mitosis. Prophase I the duplicated DNA condenses into compact structures, the nuclear envelope surrounding the DNA begins to break down. Metaphase I the chromosomes align in the center of the cell, centrioles move to the polar ends of the cell and p ...
Key Terms Foldable CH. 5 Heredity
... governs a characteristic, such as hair color. An organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristics. ...
... governs a characteristic, such as hair color. An organism’s appearance or other detectable characteristics. ...
Prokaryotic cells divide by HTMLDirect mitosis. HTMLDirect
... Pairs of chromosomes that have the same size, shape, and function are called a. sister chromatids b. homologous chromosomes c. heterologous chromosomes d. daughter cells Duplication of DNA occurs twice, before meiosis I and meiosis II. before meiosis II only. during interphase. during prophase I. Ge ...
... Pairs of chromosomes that have the same size, shape, and function are called a. sister chromatids b. homologous chromosomes c. heterologous chromosomes d. daughter cells Duplication of DNA occurs twice, before meiosis I and meiosis II. before meiosis II only. during interphase. during prophase I. Ge ...
Preview Sample 1
... the four sperm cells produced by the complete meiosis of one primary spermatocyte. For the purposes of this question, assume that males with Down syndrome produce normal ratios of sperm cells. (More than one answer is possible.) ...
... the four sperm cells produced by the complete meiosis of one primary spermatocyte. For the purposes of this question, assume that males with Down syndrome produce normal ratios of sperm cells. (More than one answer is possible.) ...
Cytogenetics
... it yields a series of lightly and darkly stained bands – the dark regions tend to be heterochromatic, late-replicating and AT rich. ...
... it yields a series of lightly and darkly stained bands – the dark regions tend to be heterochromatic, late-replicating and AT rich. ...
Mitosis and Meiosis
... Sex chromosomes carry genes that determine sex (gender) In humans, females have two X chromosomes. But human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome During meiosis, one of each of the chromosome pairs ends up in a sex cell. Females have two X chromosomes in each body cell. When meiosi ...
... Sex chromosomes carry genes that determine sex (gender) In humans, females have two X chromosomes. But human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome During meiosis, one of each of the chromosome pairs ends up in a sex cell. Females have two X chromosomes in each body cell. When meiosi ...
Chromosomes - life.illinois.edu
... Chromosomes Prokaryote 4.2 X 106 base pairs DNA essentially naked mRNA translated as it's transcribed mRNA is often polycistronic ...
... Chromosomes Prokaryote 4.2 X 106 base pairs DNA essentially naked mRNA translated as it's transcribed mRNA is often polycistronic ...
Notes Unit 4 Part 5
... A. Karyotype = a chart that shows all pairs of ________________ in order taken during ____________ when the chromosomes formed (during prophase) humans have ____ chromosomes that are organized into _____ pairs each pair has the same _________ of genes but may have different ____________ in e ...
... A. Karyotype = a chart that shows all pairs of ________________ in order taken during ____________ when the chromosomes formed (during prophase) humans have ____ chromosomes that are organized into _____ pairs each pair has the same _________ of genes but may have different ____________ in e ...
Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell. Usually a gamete (sperm or egg, which fuse into a single cell during the fertilization phase of sexual reproduction) carries a full set of chromosomes that includes a single copy of each chromosome, as aneuploidy generally leads to severe genetic disease in the offspring. The gametic or haploid number (n) is the number of chromosomes in a gamete. Two gametes form a diploid zygote with twice this number (2n, the zygotic or diploid number) i.e. two copies of autosomal chromosomes. For humans, a diploid species, n = 23. A typical human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes: 2 complete haploid sets, which make up 23 homologous chromosome pairs.Because chromosome number is generally reduced only by the specialized process of meiosis, the somatic cells of the body inherit and maintain the chromosome number of the zygote. However, in many situations somatic cells double their copy number by means of endoreduplication as an aspect of cellular differentiation. For example, the hearts of two-year-old children contain 85% diploid and 15% tetraploid nuclei, but by 12 years of age the proportions become approximately equal, and adults examined contained 27% diploid, 71% tetraploid and 2% octaploid nuclei.Cells are described according to the number of sets present (the ploidy level): monoploid (1 set), diploid (2 sets), triploid (3 sets), tetraploid (4 sets), pentaploid (5 sets), hexaploid (6 sets), heptaploid or septaploid (7 sets), etc. The generic term polyploid is frequently used to describe cells with three or more sets of chromosomes (triploid or higher ploidy).