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Chromosomes and Inertitance
Chromosomes and Inertitance

...  when both alleles are expressed in the phenotype (IA, IB – neither is dominant over the other – both carbs are produced on cell ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

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Classic Methods of Genetic Analysis
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Note Review Sex-Linked Traits

... human, sperm and eggs carry 23 chromosomes (one from each pair of chromosomes). In addition to 22 other chromosomes (autosomes)... •Egg cells carry one X chromosome. •Sperm cells can carry either an X or a Y chromosome. With that in mind, which parent determines the sex of the child? _______________ ...
X-linked Inheritance - Great Ormond Street Hospital
X-linked Inheritance - Great Ormond Street Hospital

... of genes and have two copies of nearly every gene. Normally we inherit one copy from each parent and pass one copy onto each child. We all have several genes that have a misprint in them, but usually these are paired with a normal gene and so we are not aware of them. Sometimes these altered genes a ...
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... severity will decrease significantly. • The several weeks it takes to find the mutated gene and give treatment is too long for a time-frame which makes sense when a baby has a life-threatening disease. • This new software design is made to pinpoint the possible mutated genes by simply having the sym ...
4.3.5 Sex Chromosomes and Sex Linkage Questions
4.3.5 Sex Chromosomes and Sex Linkage Questions

... Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome. The X chromosome contains about 1000 genes, including the genes for haemophilia and colour blindness. For this reason these genes are said to be sex-linked. ...
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Skewed X-inactivation

Skewed X chromosome inactivation occurs when the inactivation of one X chromosome is favored over the other, leading to an uneven number of cells with each chromosome inactivated. It is usually defined as one allele being found on the active X chromosome in over 75% of cells, and extreme skewing is when over 90% of cells have inactivated the same X chromosome. It can be caused by primary nonrandom inactivation, either by chance due to a small cell pool or directed by genes, or caused by secondary nonrandom inactivation, which occurs by selection. Most females will have some levels of skewing. It is relatively common in adult females; around 35% of women have skewed ratio over 70:30, and 7% of women have an extreme skewed ratio of over 90:10. This is of medical significance due to the potential for the expression of disease genes present on the X chromosome that are normally not expressed due to random X inactivation. X chromosome inactivation occurs in females to provide dosage compensation between the sexes. If females kept both X chromosomes active they would have twice the number of active X genes than males, who only have one copy of the X chromosome. At approximately the time of implantation (see Implantation (human embryo), one of the two X chromosomes is randomly selected for inactivation. The cell undergoes transcriptional and epigenetic changes to ensure this inactivation is permanent. All progeny from these initial cells will maintain the inactivation of the same chromosome, resulting in a mosaic pattern of cells in females.
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