Y11 Revision material - Biology - Whitworth Community High School
... Describe reflex actions. □ Recognise that voluntary responses are under the conscious control of the brain. ...
... Describe reflex actions. □ Recognise that voluntary responses are under the conscious control of the brain. ...
Tackling Real-Coded Genetic Algorithms
... genetic operators such as crossover and mutation. GAs have had a great measure of success in search and optimization problems. The reason for a great part of their success is their ability to exploit the information accumulated about an initially unknown search space in order to bias subsequent sear ...
... genetic operators such as crossover and mutation. GAs have had a great measure of success in search and optimization problems. The reason for a great part of their success is their ability to exploit the information accumulated about an initially unknown search space in order to bias subsequent sear ...
Breeding in Apomictic Species - public.iastate.edu
... apomixis in wild diploids would, according with this theory, be due to lack of expression instead of non-transmission. Another important question, with clear implications in breeding is whether their polyploidy is auto or allopolyploidy, for example, Paspalum apomictic tetraploid are mostly autotetr ...
... apomixis in wild diploids would, according with this theory, be due to lack of expression instead of non-transmission. Another important question, with clear implications in breeding is whether their polyploidy is auto or allopolyploidy, for example, Paspalum apomictic tetraploid are mostly autotetr ...
Reproductive isolation and introgression between sympatric
... et al. 2007; Eckert et al. 2010). This mismatch might simply reflect an insufficient power of genome scan data to detect QTL effects. Alternatively, it may suggest that the phenotypes measured in QTL studies do not always contribute to reproductive isolation in natural populations. If, for example, ...
... et al. 2007; Eckert et al. 2010). This mismatch might simply reflect an insufficient power of genome scan data to detect QTL effects. Alternatively, it may suggest that the phenotypes measured in QTL studies do not always contribute to reproductive isolation in natural populations. If, for example, ...
CBSE XII BIO QS with key(2009-2015)
... ans: zygote is diploid because of the fusion / syngamy , of male and female gametes , Primary endosperm cell is triploid as one male gamete fuses,with two polar nuclei [ each having n no. of chromosomes ] = ½*4 . Name all the haploid cells present in an unfertilized mature embryo – sac of flowering ...
... ans: zygote is diploid because of the fusion / syngamy , of male and female gametes , Primary endosperm cell is triploid as one male gamete fuses,with two polar nuclei [ each having n no. of chromosomes ] = ½*4 . Name all the haploid cells present in an unfertilized mature embryo – sac of flowering ...
1 Article: Investigation Evidence for Stabilizing Selection on Codon
... selection. The efficacy of selection is expected to be reduced in regions of suppressed recombination. Contrary to observations in D. melanogaster, some recent studies have failed to detect a relationship between the recombination rate, intensity of selection acting at synonymous sites and the magni ...
... selection. The efficacy of selection is expected to be reduced in regions of suppressed recombination. Contrary to observations in D. melanogaster, some recent studies have failed to detect a relationship between the recombination rate, intensity of selection acting at synonymous sites and the magni ...
Selective Disruption of Aurora C Kinase Reveals Distinct Functions
... similarity in phenotype between the two perturbations: 1) Either AURKB is not expressed in mouse oocytes or 2) AURKC-DN disrupts both AURKB and AURKC function. To investigate the first model, we assessed the protein expression of AURKB in oocytes undergoing meiosis via immunocytochemistry with an an ...
... similarity in phenotype between the two perturbations: 1) Either AURKB is not expressed in mouse oocytes or 2) AURKC-DN disrupts both AURKB and AURKC function. To investigate the first model, we assessed the protein expression of AURKB in oocytes undergoing meiosis via immunocytochemistry with an an ...
A surge of late-occurring meiotic double
... Spo11 gene dosage is halved, DSBs are ~20 % reduced, at zygonema (Bellani et al. 2010; Cole et al. 2012). Beside this, Spo11+/− mice are phenotypically normal (Bellani et al. 2005; Cole et al. 2012; Kauppi et al. 2013a), indicating that in this mouse, SPO11-generated DSB number at zygonema is above ...
... Spo11 gene dosage is halved, DSBs are ~20 % reduced, at zygonema (Bellani et al. 2010; Cole et al. 2012). Beside this, Spo11+/− mice are phenotypically normal (Bellani et al. 2005; Cole et al. 2012; Kauppi et al. 2013a), indicating that in this mouse, SPO11-generated DSB number at zygonema is above ...
icsi sperm selection by ha binding
... sperm morphology, is of limited predictive value. Different fertilization rates were assessed via IVF or ICSI even with sybling oocytes. No semen parameters are identified that would predict whether IVF or ICSI is more beneficial for a particular couple. ...
... sperm morphology, is of limited predictive value. Different fertilization rates were assessed via IVF or ICSI even with sybling oocytes. No semen parameters are identified that would predict whether IVF or ICSI is more beneficial for a particular couple. ...
Imprinting in the endosperm: a possible role in preventing wide
... failure in reproductive isolation and angiosperm speciation. The genetic basis of endosperm failure remains unclear, although gene dosage effects (Birchler 1993) and imprinting of regulatory genes (Haig & Westoby 1991) have been proposed as contributory factors. Imprinting is a mitotically stable ep ...
... failure in reproductive isolation and angiosperm speciation. The genetic basis of endosperm failure remains unclear, although gene dosage effects (Birchler 1993) and imprinting of regulatory genes (Haig & Westoby 1991) have been proposed as contributory factors. Imprinting is a mitotically stable ep ...
the taxonomic status of mimulus sookensis
... particularly M. nasutus with which it shares its breeding behavior, certain life history traits and a similar morphology. It should be noted also that M. platycalyx was found growing in Oregon within a mile of and on a very similar site to the [tetraploid] population 91-17 [in Douglas Co.]" (p. 108) ...
... particularly M. nasutus with which it shares its breeding behavior, certain life history traits and a similar morphology. It should be noted also that M. platycalyx was found growing in Oregon within a mile of and on a very similar site to the [tetraploid] population 91-17 [in Douglas Co.]" (p. 108) ...
Construction of a genetic linkage map of Thlaspi
... Codominant CAPS/Indel markers PCR-based codominant markers were developed for the accessions LE and LC. The markers were based on Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), from an EST library of T. caerulescens accession LC (D. Rigola & M. G. M. Aarts, unpublished results), for which homologous genes were fou ...
... Codominant CAPS/Indel markers PCR-based codominant markers were developed for the accessions LE and LC. The markers were based on Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), from an EST library of T. caerulescens accession LC (D. Rigola & M. G. M. Aarts, unpublished results), for which homologous genes were fou ...
Sex-specific Trans-regulatory Variation on the Drosophila melanogaster X Chromosome
... deleterious mutations. Together, these two features are expected to remove both neutral and deleterious allelic variants at a higher rate on the X chromosome and result in reduced standing genetic variation on the X chromosome relative to the autosomes [6]. Despite these predictions there are nevert ...
... deleterious mutations. Together, these two features are expected to remove both neutral and deleterious allelic variants at a higher rate on the X chromosome and result in reduced standing genetic variation on the X chromosome relative to the autosomes [6]. Despite these predictions there are nevert ...
Analyses of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase target adapter
... and RBX, form a complex to catalyze attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins (Fig. 1). The BTB proteins are the target-adapters, binding to the proteins to be ubiquitylated via motifs appended to the BTB domain1. Genes encoding BTB proteins have been identified in a wide range of eukaryotic organi ...
... and RBX, form a complex to catalyze attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins (Fig. 1). The BTB proteins are the target-adapters, binding to the proteins to be ubiquitylated via motifs appended to the BTB domain1. Genes encoding BTB proteins have been identified in a wide range of eukaryotic organi ...
reproductive cell fate transition in plants - Development
... at 18-20°C in a plant growth chamber or greenhouse, except for the mutants ago9-4, sgs3-11 and rdr6-2 (Olmedo-Monfil et al., 2010), which were grown at 23°C in a growth incubator (Percival). The GFP lines shown Fig. 2 and supplementary material Fig. S1 are the following: HTR5-GFP is pHTR5::HTR5-GFP ...
... at 18-20°C in a plant growth chamber or greenhouse, except for the mutants ago9-4, sgs3-11 and rdr6-2 (Olmedo-Monfil et al., 2010), which were grown at 23°C in a growth incubator (Percival). The GFP lines shown Fig. 2 and supplementary material Fig. S1 are the following: HTR5-GFP is pHTR5::HTR5-GFP ...
Application Note: Targeted sequencing and chromosomal haplotype
... complete loci on the basis of crosslinking physically proximal sequences. Unlike other targeted sequencing methods, TLA works without prior detailed locus information, as one primer pair is sufficient to amplify tens to hundreds of kilobases of DNA surrounding that locus. In a separate application o ...
... complete loci on the basis of crosslinking physically proximal sequences. Unlike other targeted sequencing methods, TLA works without prior detailed locus information, as one primer pair is sufficient to amplify tens to hundreds of kilobases of DNA surrounding that locus. In a separate application o ...
CHAPTER 6 Gregor Mendel and Genetics
... genotype alleles an individual inherits at a particular genetic locus heterozygote organism that inherits two different alleles for a given gene homozygote organism that inherits two alleles of the same type for a given gene hybrid offspring that results from a cross between two different types of p ...
... genotype alleles an individual inherits at a particular genetic locus heterozygote organism that inherits two different alleles for a given gene homozygote organism that inherits two alleles of the same type for a given gene hybrid offspring that results from a cross between two different types of p ...
reproductive cell fate transition in plants - Development
... at 18-20°C in a plant growth chamber or greenhouse, except for the mutants ago9-4, sgs3-11 and rdr6-2 (Olmedo-Monfil et al., 2010), which were grown at 23°C in a growth incubator (Percival). The GFP lines shown Fig. 2 and supplementary material Fig. S1 are the following: HTR5-GFP is pHTR5::HTR5-GFP ...
... at 18-20°C in a plant growth chamber or greenhouse, except for the mutants ago9-4, sgs3-11 and rdr6-2 (Olmedo-Monfil et al., 2010), which were grown at 23°C in a growth incubator (Percival). The GFP lines shown Fig. 2 and supplementary material Fig. S1 are the following: HTR5-GFP is pHTR5::HTR5-GFP ...
Leukaemia Section MLL amplification in leukemia Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... FISH has been useful in detecting MLL amplification. In many cases, the MLL amplification was suspected by conventional banded chromosomes, but was confirmed by FISH instead. Most cases are identified on the basis of multiple MLL signals by FISH. The number of copies of MLL is quit variable ranging ...
... FISH has been useful in detecting MLL amplification. In many cases, the MLL amplification was suspected by conventional banded chromosomes, but was confirmed by FISH instead. Most cases are identified on the basis of multiple MLL signals by FISH. The number of copies of MLL is quit variable ranging ...
An Introduction to Streptomyces
... In the early steps of microbiology, many organisms now belonging to the class of Actinobacteria, such as Mycobacterium leprae were considered as species somewhere between fungi and bacteria (Hopwood, 1999). In the light of new discoveries such as the: composition of the Actinobacteria cell wall (lik ...
... In the early steps of microbiology, many organisms now belonging to the class of Actinobacteria, such as Mycobacterium leprae were considered as species somewhere between fungi and bacteria (Hopwood, 1999). In the light of new discoveries such as the: composition of the Actinobacteria cell wall (lik ...
PDF
... Interestingly, in Arabidopsis thaliana, based on a well-documented recent genome duplication event, intragenomic conserved noncoding sequences have also been investigated, and a unique set of noncoding DNA sequences enriched for function has been uncovered [8]. The above observations indicate that a ...
... Interestingly, in Arabidopsis thaliana, based on a well-documented recent genome duplication event, intragenomic conserved noncoding sequences have also been investigated, and a unique set of noncoding DNA sequences enriched for function has been uncovered [8]. The above observations indicate that a ...
Identification of New Genes Involved in Meiosis by a Genetic Screen
... mutants is modulated by temperature. This conditional behavior is different at high and low temperatures. In my work so far, I have tried to identify new zmm-like genes involved in meiosis. To that end, I have carried out a genome-wide screen in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. I have identified spo ...
... mutants is modulated by temperature. This conditional behavior is different at high and low temperatures. In my work so far, I have tried to identify new zmm-like genes involved in meiosis. To that end, I have carried out a genome-wide screen in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. I have identified spo ...
Neurospora tetrasperma crosses heterozygous for hybrid
... the breakpoint undergoes second-division segregation (figure 2). Figure 2 shows that ascospores that receive a pair of ‘first-cousin’ nuclei can become homoallelic for markers that underwent first-division segregation and heteroallelic for markers that underwent second-division segregation, whereas ...
... the breakpoint undergoes second-division segregation (figure 2). Figure 2 shows that ascospores that receive a pair of ‘first-cousin’ nuclei can become homoallelic for markers that underwent first-division segregation and heteroallelic for markers that underwent second-division segregation, whereas ...
3. Inheritance and hereditary
... crosses and examining the segregation of the phenotypes in the resulting progeny. This strategy can be used to understand inheritance in model organisms, livestock, agricultural organisms, or companion animals. There are two main modes of breeding crosses: cross-fertilization and selffertilization. ...
... crosses and examining the segregation of the phenotypes in the resulting progeny. This strategy can be used to understand inheritance in model organisms, livestock, agricultural organisms, or companion animals. There are two main modes of breeding crosses: cross-fertilization and selffertilization. ...
Student Version of Chapter 2 - Institute for School Partnership
... The dogs in the diagram on the opposite page can be used to illustrate this sort of dominant-recessive relationship between two versions of a single gene. The top part of the diagram indicates that when a particular black and white dog mated, all of their offspring were black. However, the middle pa ...
... The dogs in the diagram on the opposite page can be used to illustrate this sort of dominant-recessive relationship between two versions of a single gene. The top part of the diagram indicates that when a particular black and white dog mated, all of their offspring were black. However, the middle pa ...
Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.