Article A Distinct Mitochondrial Genome with DUI
... 2001). mtDNA is maternally inherited and shows a high mutation rate, rendering it particularly interesting for population genetic and phylogeographic studies. The doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) system, described in more than 40 bivalve species, constitutes an exception to the commonly accepted ...
... 2001). mtDNA is maternally inherited and shows a high mutation rate, rendering it particularly interesting for population genetic and phylogeographic studies. The doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) system, described in more than 40 bivalve species, constitutes an exception to the commonly accepted ...
Biology_EOCEP_Review_-_Student_Copy
... If you test your hypothesis and get the results you expected are you finished or what should you do next? ...
... If you test your hypothesis and get the results you expected are you finished or what should you do next? ...
Chapter 2
... The common management strategy has been to replace cultivars when their resistance is no longer effective ( Wolf, 1984, Leath & Heun, 1990). Molecular markers, tightly linked to disease resistance genes, can provide breeders with a tool for marker-assisted selection of resistance gene in plants (Stu ...
... The common management strategy has been to replace cultivars when their resistance is no longer effective ( Wolf, 1984, Leath & Heun, 1990). Molecular markers, tightly linked to disease resistance genes, can provide breeders with a tool for marker-assisted selection of resistance gene in plants (Stu ...
structural optimization with genetic algorithms and particle swarm
... optimization is a key element in the functional design of mounted structures and cast parts subjected to important loading. The engineer is faced with the challenge of designing a component considering objectives that are often times contradicting, like minimizing the mass and total cost, maximizing ...
... optimization is a key element in the functional design of mounted structures and cast parts subjected to important loading. The engineer is faced with the challenge of designing a component considering objectives that are often times contradicting, like minimizing the mass and total cost, maximizing ...
Defragged Binary I Ching Genetic Code Chromosomes Compared
... the white letters (F, L, W, E, Q, K) with a saturated key (255,255,255), and for the rest the black letters with an absolute lack of color (0,0,0). The colors for the upper part of Figures 21 and 23 when folded, and the complete Figure 22 are the same ones but with a 50% of transparency, having thos ...
... the white letters (F, L, W, E, Q, K) with a saturated key (255,255,255), and for the rest the black letters with an absolute lack of color (0,0,0). The colors for the upper part of Figures 21 and 23 when folded, and the complete Figure 22 are the same ones but with a 50% of transparency, having thos ...
Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) - The Embryo Project Encyclopedia
... work as a researcher in genetics, and she remained affiliated with the institution for the rest of her life. At the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory [5], McClintock conducted experiments on maize kernels, the plant's embryos. In an experiment that she started in 1944, McClintock discovered that certain ...
... work as a researcher in genetics, and she remained affiliated with the institution for the rest of her life. At the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory [5], McClintock conducted experiments on maize kernels, the plant's embryos. In an experiment that she started in 1944, McClintock discovered that certain ...
Chapter 3
... Spiral shaped strands found in nucleus of all human cells Genetic codes are programmed into the new individual’s cells by DNA Single mistake or variation in sequence can effect cell(s) development Can lead to mutations/disease Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
... Spiral shaped strands found in nucleus of all human cells Genetic codes are programmed into the new individual’s cells by DNA Single mistake or variation in sequence can effect cell(s) development Can lead to mutations/disease Copyright © 2012, 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. ...
Transvection and pairing of a Drosophila Hox long noncoding RNA
... observed, but almost always on chromosomes where lincX was also expressed. Further, we found that the transvection at lincX was associated with chromosomal pairing at or near the lincX locus. Transvection in the Hox complex is common, associated with lncRNAs, and may be a consequence of a gene regul ...
... observed, but almost always on chromosomes where lincX was also expressed. Further, we found that the transvection at lincX was associated with chromosomal pairing at or near the lincX locus. Transvection in the Hox complex is common, associated with lncRNAs, and may be a consequence of a gene regul ...
Alu - Environmental
... Alu elements • Alu elements are only found in the primate branch • Each Alu insertion is a unique event and is inherited from each parent • Most occurred millions of years ago and are often on both pairs of chromosomes • There are Alu elements that have occurred since humans branched from other pri ...
... Alu elements • Alu elements are only found in the primate branch • Each Alu insertion is a unique event and is inherited from each parent • Most occurred millions of years ago and are often on both pairs of chromosomes • There are Alu elements that have occurred since humans branched from other pri ...
Rather than test an unmapped gene successively for linkage to... groups, it is advantageous to test all linkage groups in... alcoy David Perkins
... Lu, B. C. 1993. Spreading the synaptonemal complex of Neurospora crassa. Chromosoma 102: 464472. Perkins, D. D. 1964. Multiple interchange stocks for linkage detection. Neurospora Newslett. 6: 22. Perkins, D. D. 1966. Experience using alcoy multiple translocation tester strains to assign genes and c ...
... Lu, B. C. 1993. Spreading the synaptonemal complex of Neurospora crassa. Chromosoma 102: 464472. Perkins, D. D. 1964. Multiple interchange stocks for linkage detection. Neurospora Newslett. 6: 22. Perkins, D. D. 1966. Experience using alcoy multiple translocation tester strains to assign genes and c ...
Mapping of Hybrid Incompatibility Loci in Nasonia Ju ¨rgen Gadau,*
... Breeuwer and Werren 1995). Hybrid breakdown in the parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia has been studied intensively (Werren 1991; Breeuwer and Werren 1995). The genus includes three closely related species, which are thought to have split into separate species between 0.1 and 0.2 mya (Campbell et al. 1993 ...
... Breeuwer and Werren 1995). Hybrid breakdown in the parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia has been studied intensively (Werren 1991; Breeuwer and Werren 1995). The genus includes three closely related species, which are thought to have split into separate species between 0.1 and 0.2 mya (Campbell et al. 1993 ...
Introduction to Genetics
... - In prokaryotes the DNA is folded like a super-helix, usually in circular shape and associated with a small amount of protein. The same happens in cellular organelles such as mitochondria . - In eukaryotes, since the amount of DNA from each chromosome is very large, the packing must be more complex ...
... - In prokaryotes the DNA is folded like a super-helix, usually in circular shape and associated with a small amount of protein. The same happens in cellular organelles such as mitochondria . - In eukaryotes, since the amount of DNA from each chromosome is very large, the packing must be more complex ...
Coordination of replication and transcription along a Drosophila
... arrays of cDNAs have demonstrated a correlation between time of replication and the probability that a specific gene is expressed, it remained to be determined what step(s) in the replication initiation process are influenced by transcription. Similarly, because the prior studies lacked contiguous i ...
... arrays of cDNAs have demonstrated a correlation between time of replication and the probability that a specific gene is expressed, it remained to be determined what step(s) in the replication initiation process are influenced by transcription. Similarly, because the prior studies lacked contiguous i ...
Genetics and statistical association between lethal alleles and
... published a complete review on this subject. Crumpacker (1967), Gustafsson (1946), and Burnam (1993), among other authors, have revised the genetic load showing that the number of recessive mutations is quite high in different populations, either wild or domesticated, including also human beings. Th ...
... published a complete review on this subject. Crumpacker (1967), Gustafsson (1946), and Burnam (1993), among other authors, have revised the genetic load showing that the number of recessive mutations is quite high in different populations, either wild or domesticated, including also human beings. Th ...
Scope
... The gene spans 3071 bp and contains 12 exons. The last exon contains a consensus polyadenylation site sequence (AGTAA) at 20 nt upstream up the poly(a) addition site. DIRC3 expression could be detected in the placenta, but low expression was found in most tissues and the gene may act as a non-coding ...
... The gene spans 3071 bp and contains 12 exons. The last exon contains a consensus polyadenylation site sequence (AGTAA) at 20 nt upstream up the poly(a) addition site. DIRC3 expression could be detected in the placenta, but low expression was found in most tissues and the gene may act as a non-coding ...
Sperm competition and the evolution of spermatogenesis
... To generalize, in evolutionary terms we can say that sperm competition exerts a special type of selection on males that is known as sexual selection (Darwin, 1871).This is simply the process by which any trait that increases the reproductive success of its bearer (relative to that of other individua ...
... To generalize, in evolutionary terms we can say that sperm competition exerts a special type of selection on males that is known as sexual selection (Darwin, 1871).This is simply the process by which any trait that increases the reproductive success of its bearer (relative to that of other individua ...
GENETIC GUIDELINES for - Lake Superior State University
... entirely. Second, management activities inadvertently affect the genetic makeup of fish stocks. Management costs due to the effect of management activities on the genetics of fish stocks have not been considered. This last point is particularly unfortunate because relatively small and inexpensive ch ...
... entirely. Second, management activities inadvertently affect the genetic makeup of fish stocks. Management costs due to the effect of management activities on the genetics of fish stocks have not been considered. This last point is particularly unfortunate because relatively small and inexpensive ch ...
Future Generation Computer Systems
... of the GA only a single pair of chromosomes is selected from the population for crossover [18]. Chromosome selection is performed using a linear bias function [18], based on the fitness of each chromosome. If the new chromosome generated is not already in the population, it is inserted in sorted ord ...
... of the GA only a single pair of chromosomes is selected from the population for crossover [18]. Chromosome selection is performed using a linear bias function [18], based on the fitness of each chromosome. If the new chromosome generated is not already in the population, it is inserted in sorted ord ...
Pristionchus pacificus
... biology (Hong and Sommer, 2006). P. pacificus is a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite, has a 4-day life cycle at 20°C and can be cultured on OP50. P. pacificus is amenable to various cellular, genetic and molecular techniques successfully used in C. elegans. In addition to forward genetics, morpholino k ...
... biology (Hong and Sommer, 2006). P. pacificus is a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite, has a 4-day life cycle at 20°C and can be cultured on OP50. P. pacificus is amenable to various cellular, genetic and molecular techniques successfully used in C. elegans. In addition to forward genetics, morpholino k ...
Perrin 2012
... of phyla. Organelle transmission strongly correlates with sexes in plants, animals, and other anisogamic groups. Organelles are usually transmitted maternally (i.e., through the large gamete), but counterexamples exist (e.g., mitochondria are transmitted paternally in some gymnosperms and chytridiom ...
... of phyla. Organelle transmission strongly correlates with sexes in plants, animals, and other anisogamic groups. Organelles are usually transmitted maternally (i.e., through the large gamete), but counterexamples exist (e.g., mitochondria are transmitted paternally in some gymnosperms and chytridiom ...
7. Mendelian Genetics
... yellow pod color is indicated by g. A true-breeding plant for green pod color would have identical alleles GG in all its somatic cells. Likewise, a true-breeding plant for yellow pod color would have identical alleles gg in all of its somatic cells. During gamete formation, each gamete receives one ...
... yellow pod color is indicated by g. A true-breeding plant for green pod color would have identical alleles GG in all its somatic cells. Likewise, a true-breeding plant for yellow pod color would have identical alleles gg in all of its somatic cells. During gamete formation, each gamete receives one ...
Chapter 11 Complex Inheritance and Human Heredity
... learning disabilities and may enter menopause early or have cycle irregularities. Most have no affects from this. What union of gametes would have produced the above disorders? 4. XYY - Normal male, but may be taller than average. Controversy about these males being antisocial and aggressive and a l ...
... learning disabilities and may enter menopause early or have cycle irregularities. Most have no affects from this. What union of gametes would have produced the above disorders? 4. XYY - Normal male, but may be taller than average. Controversy about these males being antisocial and aggressive and a l ...
REVIEW Why Do Bacterial Plasmids Carry Some Genes and Not
... In addition, genescoding for adaptations to variations in environmental conditions that occur only sporadically in time or spaceshould reproduce more rapidly when on plasmids. Arguments supporting this claim will be developed using antibiotic resistance as an example, then extended to other function ...
... In addition, genescoding for adaptations to variations in environmental conditions that occur only sporadically in time or spaceshould reproduce more rapidly when on plasmids. Arguments supporting this claim will be developed using antibiotic resistance as an example, then extended to other function ...
11. NEW DATA
... Only ten percent of all the offspring are found to have resulted from crossing over between vermilion and sable. It is known from certain experiments that in about forty percent of cases there is no crossing over whatever between the two X chromosomes. Of the sixty percent of cases in which crossing ...
... Only ten percent of all the offspring are found to have resulted from crossing over between vermilion and sable. It is known from certain experiments that in about forty percent of cases there is no crossing over whatever between the two X chromosomes. Of the sixty percent of cases in which crossing ...
Evidence that MEK1 positively promotes
... The assay depends upon a site-specific DSB created by the meiosis-specific homing endonuclease VDE. This DSB site (referred to as VDE–DSB1) is located inside an allele of ARG4 (arg4-vde), and flanked by directly repeated sequences of URA3 on chromosome V. A similar insert on the opposite homologue cont ...
... The assay depends upon a site-specific DSB created by the meiosis-specific homing endonuclease VDE. This DSB site (referred to as VDE–DSB1) is located inside an allele of ARG4 (arg4-vde), and flanked by directly repeated sequences of URA3 on chromosome V. A similar insert on the opposite homologue cont ...
Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.