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Meiosis - Hamzology
Meiosis - Hamzology

... c) The exception is the sex chromosomes. For these, females have a homologous pair (XX) while males do not (Xy). d) The other chromosomes are called autosomes. 3. Two types of cells in general a) Somatic – diploid (2n) body cells. Contain a complete set of chromosomes. b) Reproductive cells – haploi ...
B2.3 Cell division BASIC
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... 2. How many sets of chromosomes do body cells contain? 3. How many sets of chromosomes do gametes contain? 4. How many chromosomes in a human body cell? 5. How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human body cell? ...
TT2007 Lecture 8 HB
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Date
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... its father (depicted in dark) and 5 of which it inherited from its mother (depicted in light). ...
Sexual Preproduction and Meiosis
Sexual Preproduction and Meiosis

... • These terms refer to the number of sets of chromosomes an organism has. • Humans are Diploid, we have two sets of chromosomes 46 total or 23 Pairs of “Homologous” chromosomes • Sperm and eggs are haploid they only have 23 chromosomes each. • When sperm and egg join the resulting zygote will have 4 ...
Meiosis Powerpoint
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... • occurs in ovaries of females • Involves two divisions with one ...
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CELL CYCLE RESOURCES - harnettcountyhighschools
CELL CYCLE RESOURCES - harnettcountyhighschools

... 10) Furthermore, because of crossing over, which can occur anywhere at random on a chromosome, none of these chromosomes is "pure" maternal or paternal. The distribution of sister chromatids at anaphase II is also random. When fertilization occurs, the number of different zygotes possible is almost ...
You have two types of cells in your body: somatic cells, and germ
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Crossing Over and Linkage
Crossing Over and Linkage

... are inherited together more than they would be if they were on different chromosoomes. The closer the genes, the less likely it is that a chisma will form between them, and therefore the greater the probability that they will be inherited together. This phenomenon is used to help identify the genes ...
Print Preview - C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\e3temp_6820\.aptcache
Print Preview - C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\e3temp_6820\.aptcache

... sex chromosomes; Do not directly determine an determine an organism’s sex organism’s sex Inheritance of sex chromosomes: Punnett Square should indicate that females (XX) can only pass on an X chromosome and males (XY) can only pass on either Autosomal gene expression: Two alleles that one X or one Y ...
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File - Mr. Krueger`s Biology

... sex chromosomes; Do not directly determine an determine an organism’s sex organism’s sex Inheritance of sex chromosomes: Punnett Square should indicate that females (XX) can only pass on an X chromosome and males (XY) can only pass on either Autosomal gene expression: Two alleles that one X or one Y ...
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What is the difference between Autotrophs and heterotrophs?

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... Mitosis – Cell division that produces 2 daughter cells identical to the 1 parent cell – occurs for growth and to replace dead cells Meiosis- Cell division that produces gametes (sex cells: eggs and sperm) or spores having one set of unpaired chromosomes – 1 cell creates 4 gametes in Meiosis Chromoso ...
Gen.1303 The Scientific Basis of Human Genetics In the 19th
Gen.1303 The Scientific Basis of Human Genetics In the 19th

... The members of each pair of autosomes are said to be homologous, because their DNA is very similar. The X and Y chromosomes are not homologous of one another. Somatic cells, having two of each chromosome, are termed diploid cells. Human gametes have ...
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... Any change made to the DNA Do all mutation cause a change in a trait? Not always, it depends on location of mutation and type Mutations can be inherited from parent to child or acquired due to environmental damage or mistakes in replication Mutations happen regulary and are usually nuetral . Many mu ...
Brooker Chapter 9
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... • Late 1800’s – microscopy studies – egg and sperm nuclei unite and contribute equally (e.g. frogs, sea urchins) – dyes used to stain the nucleus and observed long, threadlike bodies = Chromosomes (“colored bodies) – Mitosis described (nucleus is equally partitioned into daughter cells) – Sex Deter ...
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... • Late 1800’s – microscopy studies – egg and sperm nuclei unite and contribute equally (e.g. frogs, sea urchins) – dyes used to stain the nucleus and observed long, threadlike bodies = Chromosomes (“colored bodies) – Mitosis described (nucleus is equally partitioned into daughter cells) – Sex Determ ...
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TEACHER NOTES AND ANSWERS Section 7.1
TEACHER NOTES AND ANSWERS Section 7.1

... Autosomes—all chromosomes other than sex chromosomes; do not directly determine an organism’s sex Autosomal gene expression—two alleles that interact to produce a phenotypic trait; Inheritance of autosomes—Punnett square should demonstrate that inheritance occurs according to Mendel’s rules, one all ...
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14-2 Human Chromosomes – Reading Guide
14-2 Human Chromosomes – Reading Guide

... 1. Genes make up only a small part of chromosomes; only about _________% of chromosome’s DNA functions as genes. 2. The first two human chromosomes whose sequences were determined were chromosome ______ & ______. 3. Chromosome 21 contains about _______ genes, including one associated with amyotropic ...
meiosislab
meiosislab

... 1. Obtain 8 pieces of paper, 4 of each color and 4 paper clips. (in the envelopes on the lab tables) 2. Identify a single gene on each chromosome of the 4 original chromosomes by writing the following letters on each: B = Brown eye, b= blue eyes (on the larger chromosomes), S = dark skin, s= light s ...
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Polyploid



Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.
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