Genetics notes, long version
... between the two sides of the DNA double helix. (as shown in the left and center drawings above). Because of the size and shape of the bases, they can only connect in one way – Adenine always pairs with Thymine (using their initials A pairs with T) Guanine always pairs with Cytosine (G pairs with C). ...
... between the two sides of the DNA double helix. (as shown in the left and center drawings above). Because of the size and shape of the bases, they can only connect in one way – Adenine always pairs with Thymine (using their initials A pairs with T) Guanine always pairs with Cytosine (G pairs with C). ...
Name: Date: Class Period: Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics
... Suppose this gene is the gene for a dimpled chin. A dimpled chin is a trait that is only controlled by one gene, meaning that there is one location (loci) on this homologous pair of chromosomes that is for the dimpled chin gene. There are no other genes anywhere, on any chromosome, that control the ...
... Suppose this gene is the gene for a dimpled chin. A dimpled chin is a trait that is only controlled by one gene, meaning that there is one location (loci) on this homologous pair of chromosomes that is for the dimpled chin gene. There are no other genes anywhere, on any chromosome, that control the ...
7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype
... 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Males and females can differ in sex-linked traits. • Genes on sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes. – Y chromosome genes in mammals are responsible for male characteristics. – X chromosome genes in mammals affect many traits. ...
... 7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype Males and females can differ in sex-linked traits. • Genes on sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes. – Y chromosome genes in mammals are responsible for male characteristics. – X chromosome genes in mammals affect many traits. ...
Exam 4 in Biol 101 will be on Wednesday, October 29
... 3) Strictly speaking, the phrase "like begets like" refers to A) all forms of reproduction. B) sexual reproduction only. C) production of gametes from a premeiotic cell. D) asexual reproduction only. E) None of the choices are correct. 4) With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the ...
... 3) Strictly speaking, the phrase "like begets like" refers to A) all forms of reproduction. B) sexual reproduction only. C) production of gametes from a premeiotic cell. D) asexual reproduction only. E) None of the choices are correct. 4) With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the ...
Chapter 11,12,15 Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance
... preexisting ones. Reproduction involves the creation of new offspring carrying the genetic material, as DNA, from their parents Sperm and egg carry carry one set of genetic information—one copy of the organisms genome. The offspring inherit traits from two parents providing genetic diversity. The at ...
... preexisting ones. Reproduction involves the creation of new offspring carrying the genetic material, as DNA, from their parents Sperm and egg carry carry one set of genetic information—one copy of the organisms genome. The offspring inherit traits from two parents providing genetic diversity. The at ...
Unit A - Topic 3.0 Notes
... Selective breeding, or breeding organisms for specific features or behaviors, has been done for thousands of years. The Great Pyrenees (#2) is one of the oldest-known dog breeds, bred several thousand years ago to protect sheep herds from wolves(#1) and bears. The dachshund (#3) was bred about 600 y ...
... Selective breeding, or breeding organisms for specific features or behaviors, has been done for thousands of years. The Great Pyrenees (#2) is one of the oldest-known dog breeds, bred several thousand years ago to protect sheep herds from wolves(#1) and bears. The dachshund (#3) was bred about 600 y ...
PUNNETT SQUARES
... These 4 boxes represent the 4 genotypes of offspring that are possible. Each one has a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of happening. ...
... These 4 boxes represent the 4 genotypes of offspring that are possible. Each one has a 1 in 4 (25%) chance of happening. ...
Biology—Midterm Study Guide
... plant with green seeds all the offspring were yellow. Which trait is dominant? Yellow 46. A pea plant with the genotype TT has the same phenotype as a pea plant with the genotype _____. Tt 47. A phenotype that results from a dominant allele must have at least _____ dominant allele(s) present in the ...
... plant with green seeds all the offspring were yellow. Which trait is dominant? Yellow 46. A pea plant with the genotype TT has the same phenotype as a pea plant with the genotype _____. Tt 47. A phenotype that results from a dominant allele must have at least _____ dominant allele(s) present in the ...
The Third PowerPoint (DNA and Sex Determination)
... Yes, it’s true that individual cells have a finite life span, and when they die off they are replaced with new cells. There are between 50 and 75 trillion cells in the body.... Each type of cell has its own life span, and when a human dies it may take hours or day before all the cells in the body d ...
... Yes, it’s true that individual cells have a finite life span, and when they die off they are replaced with new cells. There are between 50 and 75 trillion cells in the body.... Each type of cell has its own life span, and when a human dies it may take hours or day before all the cells in the body d ...
Keywords - NCEA Level 2 Biology
... A sex linked condition on the Y chromosome will not show in females. XY’ X linked recessive traits show up more in males as they only have one X chromosome so if they gain that allele from their mother, they will have that trait. X’Y For a female to show an X linked trait they must have two copies o ...
... A sex linked condition on the Y chromosome will not show in females. XY’ X linked recessive traits show up more in males as they only have one X chromosome so if they gain that allele from their mother, they will have that trait. X’Y For a female to show an X linked trait they must have two copies o ...
Unit A: Biodiversity Science 9 Study Guide
... about i.e. humans have 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of chromosomes 20. Describe mitosis in asexual reproduction Mitosis occurred in asexual reproduction is known as Binary Fission which results in a completely new organism. Unicellular organisms only perform it. The result is a completely new individ ...
... about i.e. humans have 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs of chromosomes 20. Describe mitosis in asexual reproduction Mitosis occurred in asexual reproduction is known as Binary Fission which results in a completely new organism. Unicellular organisms only perform it. The result is a completely new individ ...
DNA - heredity2
... person has 29-31 repeats, 31-55 repeats are debateable as to if it is normal or not, 55-200 repeats are termed pre-mutation (will most likely pass it on to next generation), 200+ is full mutation causing physical mental and emotional disability the severity of which increases with the number of repe ...
... person has 29-31 repeats, 31-55 repeats are debateable as to if it is normal or not, 55-200 repeats are termed pre-mutation (will most likely pass it on to next generation), 200+ is full mutation causing physical mental and emotional disability the severity of which increases with the number of repe ...
Name
... of) chromosomes. Six of the seven pairs of chromosomes are autosomes, which contain the genetic information for both male and female reebops. The seventh pair of chromosomes is the sex chromosomes. Identical to humans, reebop sex chromosomes are identified as X and Y with the chromosomal pair XX det ...
... of) chromosomes. Six of the seven pairs of chromosomes are autosomes, which contain the genetic information for both male and female reebops. The seventh pair of chromosomes is the sex chromosomes. Identical to humans, reebop sex chromosomes are identified as X and Y with the chromosomal pair XX det ...
Human Genetics
... Dominant allele is expressed if the individual carries just one copy Recessive allele must be present on both chromosomes of a pair to be expressed ...
... Dominant allele is expressed if the individual carries just one copy Recessive allele must be present on both chromosomes of a pair to be expressed ...
Genetics of Sex - University of San Francisco
... Autosomal origin of X supported by orthologous regions from Chicken, 30 regions of homology illustrated: ...
... Autosomal origin of X supported by orthologous regions from Chicken, 30 regions of homology illustrated: ...
Species Concepts
... A group of animals may become isolated in the range of a parent population due to resource utilisation: Wasp which pollinate figs mate and lay their eggs in the figs A genetic change which causes certain wasps to select different fig species will segregate mating individuals ...
... A group of animals may become isolated in the range of a parent population due to resource utilisation: Wasp which pollinate figs mate and lay their eggs in the figs A genetic change which causes certain wasps to select different fig species will segregate mating individuals ...
Mendel`s Work Notes
... - sex cells; a reproductive cell having the haploid (half the normal) number of chromosomes female gamete (♀) - egg, haploid or n (1/2 the normal number of chromosomes, 23 in humans) male gamete (♂) - sperm, haploid or n (1/2 the normal number of chromosomes, 23 in humans) ...
... - sex cells; a reproductive cell having the haploid (half the normal) number of chromosomes female gamete (♀) - egg, haploid or n (1/2 the normal number of chromosomes, 23 in humans) male gamete (♂) - sperm, haploid or n (1/2 the normal number of chromosomes, 23 in humans) ...
Cohesin stabilizes interphase chromosomal architecture
... To ensure proper gene regulation within constrained nuclear space, chromosomes must be organized such that they allow access to actively transcribed regions while simultaneously packaging away all other information. Recent attempts to understand this organization has revealed that chromosomes are or ...
... To ensure proper gene regulation within constrained nuclear space, chromosomes must be organized such that they allow access to actively transcribed regions while simultaneously packaging away all other information. Recent attempts to understand this organization has revealed that chromosomes are or ...
Chromosomal Theory 1.
... The number of genes in a cell is far greater than the number of chromosomes so it stands to reason that each chromosome must carry many genes. These genes would tend to be inherited together and are called linked genes. a. Results of crosses with linked genes are different from those expected accord ...
... The number of genes in a cell is far greater than the number of chromosomes so it stands to reason that each chromosome must carry many genes. These genes would tend to be inherited together and are called linked genes. a. Results of crosses with linked genes are different from those expected accord ...
H/G- Meiosis Notes 1. What is the purpose of meiosis? Meiosis is the
... a. Tetrads line up at the ___________________ b. Homologous Chromosomes line up ______________________ Anaphase I: a. __________________ chromosome of each pair gets pulled to opposite poles. b. The sister chromatids do not separate. It is still ____________ Telophase I and Cytokinesis: a. Cells ...
... a. Tetrads line up at the ___________________ b. Homologous Chromosomes line up ______________________ Anaphase I: a. __________________ chromosome of each pair gets pulled to opposite poles. b. The sister chromatids do not separate. It is still ____________ Telophase I and Cytokinesis: a. Cells ...
Chapter 6 Genetics and Inheritance - Linn
... Sometimes it appears that 2 traits on the same chromosome sort independently ...
... Sometimes it appears that 2 traits on the same chromosome sort independently ...
Polyploid
Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (Eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes—one set inherited from each parent. However, polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy occurs in some tissues of animals that are otherwise diploid, such as human muscle tissues. This is known as endopolyploidy. Species whose cells do not have nuclei, that is, Prokaryotes, may be polyploid organisms, as seen in the large bacterium Epulopicium fishelsoni [1]. Hence ploidy is defined with respect to a cell. Most eukaryotes have diploid somatic cells, but produce haploid gametes (eggs and sperm) by meiosis. A monoploid has only one set of chromosomes, and the term is usually only applied to cells or organisms that are normally diploid. Male bees and other Hymenoptera, for example, are monoploid. Unlike animals, plants and multicellular algae have life cycles with two alternating multicellular generations. The gametophyte generation is haploid, and produces gametes by mitosis, the sporophyte generation is diploid and produces spores by meiosis.Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which a particular chromosome, or chromosome segment, is under- or overrepresented are said to be aneuploid (from the Greek words meaning ""not"", ""good"", and ""fold""). Therefore the distinction between aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes.Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division, either during mitosis, or commonly during metaphase I in meiosis.Polyploidy occurs in some animals, such as goldfish, salmon, and salamanders, but is especially common among ferns and flowering plants (see Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), including both wild and cultivated species. Wheat, for example, after millennia of hybridization and modification by humans, has strains that are diploid (two sets of chromosomes), tetraploid (four sets of chromosomes) with the common name of durum or macaroni wheat, and hexaploid (six sets of chromosomes) with the common name of bread wheat. Many agriculturally important plants of the genus Brassica are also tetraploids.Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell cultures by some chemicals: the best known is colchicine, which can result in chromosome doubling, though its use may have other less obvious consequences as well. Oryzalin will also double the existing chromosome content.