Triple Award - Cheltenham College
... Use dot and cross diagrams to show how ions are formed from atoms, limited to compounds involving Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Al3+, F-‐, Cl-‐, O2-‐, S2-‐ and N3-‐. Say that the similarity of chemica ...
... Use dot and cross diagrams to show how ions are formed from atoms, limited to compounds involving Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Al3+, F-‐, Cl-‐, O2-‐, S2-‐ and N3-‐. Say that the similarity of chemica ...
MATERIAL BALANCE CALCULATIONS
... equations in terms of the unknown variables If nDF = 0, write material balance equations in an order such that those involve the fewest unknowns are written first Solve the equations and calculate the additional quantities requested in the problem statement ...
... equations in terms of the unknown variables If nDF = 0, write material balance equations in an order such that those involve the fewest unknowns are written first Solve the equations and calculate the additional quantities requested in the problem statement ...
CHAPTER VI Fischer-Tropsch Refineries
... oil refineries were still 2nd generation topping-reforming type refineries. It should further be noted that Fischer-Tropsch catalyst development is much like oil exploration and generally takes place in isolation, not being sensitive to its impact on refining. ...
... oil refineries were still 2nd generation topping-reforming type refineries. It should further be noted that Fischer-Tropsch catalyst development is much like oil exploration and generally takes place in isolation, not being sensitive to its impact on refining. ...
Preparation of KOH/CaO/C Supported Biodiesel Catalyst and
... centage concentration), followed by drying at 105˚C for 3 h and calcination at 500˚C for 5 h. Catalysts were prepared under different conditions and applied to synthesize biodiesel. The synthesis conditions were: methanol-oil ratio was 9:1, catalyst dose was 1% of that of soybean oil, reaction tempe ...
... centage concentration), followed by drying at 105˚C for 3 h and calcination at 500˚C for 5 h. Catalysts were prepared under different conditions and applied to synthesize biodiesel. The synthesis conditions were: methanol-oil ratio was 9:1, catalyst dose was 1% of that of soybean oil, reaction tempe ...
Unit 2: Practice
... ____ 10. Which of the following best describes one mole of potassium sulfate, K2SO4? a. It contains six atoms in total. c. It has a molar mass of 174.3 g. b. It contains one sulfur atom. ...
... ____ 10. Which of the following best describes one mole of potassium sulfate, K2SO4? a. It contains six atoms in total. c. It has a molar mass of 174.3 g. b. It contains one sulfur atom. ...
A Gas-phase Electrochemical Reactor for Carbon Dioxide
... amounts of low-cost and relatively pure CO2 will be soon available from current and planned plants for carbon sequestration and storage (CSS) (Centi and Perathoner, 2009). In the last years, different kinds of devices have been developed for converting solar energy into chemicals with the attempt to ...
... amounts of low-cost and relatively pure CO2 will be soon available from current and planned plants for carbon sequestration and storage (CSS) (Centi and Perathoner, 2009). In the last years, different kinds of devices have been developed for converting solar energy into chemicals with the attempt to ...
Chemical bonding
... • A physical change does not change the substance • A chemical change (AKA chemical reaction) does change the substance • Chemical changes are accompanied by physical changes ...
... • A physical change does not change the substance • A chemical change (AKA chemical reaction) does change the substance • Chemical changes are accompanied by physical changes ...
Standard Enthalpy of Formation
... ΔHº = ΔUº + Pº ΔVº The changes in standard-state volume and internal energy: ...
... ΔHº = ΔUº + Pº ΔVº The changes in standard-state volume and internal energy: ...
SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE
... value of the Solvay process. About 11 million tons of Na2CO3 are produced annually. In 1995 the total production of sodium carbonate ranked eleventh among industrial chemicals. Sodium carbonate is a fairly strong, non-volatile base which is used in the manufacture of glass (55%), paper (5%), soap, a ...
... value of the Solvay process. About 11 million tons of Na2CO3 are produced annually. In 1995 the total production of sodium carbonate ranked eleventh among industrial chemicals. Sodium carbonate is a fairly strong, non-volatile base which is used in the manufacture of glass (55%), paper (5%), soap, a ...
Question 2
... Exercise #10: Writing chemical equations Write balanced equations for the following reactions. Where possible include state(g, l, s) symbols. ...
... Exercise #10: Writing chemical equations Write balanced equations for the following reactions. Where possible include state(g, l, s) symbols. ...
Addition of ketene to ethylene oxide
... sodium carbonate and extracted with water several times. The ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After adding an iron nai1 to prohibit the formation of peroxides, the ether was distilled ...
... sodium carbonate and extracted with water several times. The ether layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After adding an iron nai1 to prohibit the formation of peroxides, the ether was distilled ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
... and condensed at progressively higher temperatures. 2. Catalytic cracking, in which heavy hydrocarbons are cracked into smaller molecules by heating them under pressure in the presence of catalysts. 3. Polymerization, in which the molecules of lighter hydrocarbons are polymerized by joining the smal ...
... and condensed at progressively higher temperatures. 2. Catalytic cracking, in which heavy hydrocarbons are cracked into smaller molecules by heating them under pressure in the presence of catalysts. 3. Polymerization, in which the molecules of lighter hydrocarbons are polymerized by joining the smal ...
Reaction Rate Graphs C12-3
... consistency. One way to produce hydrogen gas is in the reaction of zinc with sulfuric acid according to: Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → H2(g) + ZnSO4(aq) In one such experiment to produce H2 gas, a test was carried out to judge the effect of varying surface area of zinc on the rate of the reaction. The volume ...
... consistency. One way to produce hydrogen gas is in the reaction of zinc with sulfuric acid according to: Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → H2(g) + ZnSO4(aq) In one such experiment to produce H2 gas, a test was carried out to judge the effect of varying surface area of zinc on the rate of the reaction. The volume ...
Factors that affect the rate of reactions
... Surface area is a measure of how much area is exposed. If the surface area is large, then there is a better chance of hitting another reactant so the reaction rate will be high. The greater the surface area the higher the reaction rate. Surface area ONLY affect reactants that are in DIFFERENT phases ...
... Surface area is a measure of how much area is exposed. If the surface area is large, then there is a better chance of hitting another reactant so the reaction rate will be high. The greater the surface area the higher the reaction rate. Surface area ONLY affect reactants that are in DIFFERENT phases ...
Fundamental Knowledge for Analysis of Chemical Reactor
... continuous flow: reaction time: t = L/v Ideal flow: without mixing in axial direction and well mixing in radial direction ...
... continuous flow: reaction time: t = L/v Ideal flow: without mixing in axial direction and well mixing in radial direction ...
Second exam 2014 with answers
... Last Name: ____________________________________________ First Name: _____________________________________________ Note: There are 10 questions in this exam (check both sides of the sheet). Fill in your answer in the blank space provided immediately following each question. 1/2 point will be subtract ...
... Last Name: ____________________________________________ First Name: _____________________________________________ Note: There are 10 questions in this exam (check both sides of the sheet). Fill in your answer in the blank space provided immediately following each question. 1/2 point will be subtract ...
1044771584 - Papacambridge
... (b) Dilute hydrochloric acid was titrated with sodium carbonate solution. • 10.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid were placed in an Erlenmeyer flask. • A few drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the dilute hydrochloric acid. • The mixture was titrated with sodium carbonate solu ...
... (b) Dilute hydrochloric acid was titrated with sodium carbonate solution. • 10.0 cm3 of 0.100 mol / dm3 hydrochloric acid were placed in an Erlenmeyer flask. • A few drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the dilute hydrochloric acid. • The mixture was titrated with sodium carbonate solu ...
Final Review 2006
... ____ 76. What principle states that atoms tend to form compounds so that each atom can have eight electrons in its outermost energy level? a. rule of eights c. configuration rule b. Avogadro principle d. octet rule ____ 77. Multiple covalent bonds may occur in atoms that contain carbon, nitrogen, or ...
... ____ 76. What principle states that atoms tend to form compounds so that each atom can have eight electrons in its outermost energy level? a. rule of eights c. configuration rule b. Avogadro principle d. octet rule ____ 77. Multiple covalent bonds may occur in atoms that contain carbon, nitrogen, or ...
AP Chemistry MC Review Questions
... a rigid, evacuated 1.00 L container. The initial pressure of the PCl5(g) is 1.00 atm. The temperature is held constant until the PCl5(g) reaches equilibrium with its decomposition products. The figures below show the initial and equilibrium conditions of the system. ...
... a rigid, evacuated 1.00 L container. The initial pressure of the PCl5(g) is 1.00 atm. The temperature is held constant until the PCl5(g) reaches equilibrium with its decomposition products. The figures below show the initial and equilibrium conditions of the system. ...
(1125) Catalytic Dehydration Reactions for Green Synthesis of
... Natural Products Akira Sakakura1 1. EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Abstract: More environmentally benign alternatives to current chemical processes, especially large-scale fundamental reactions, are in strong demand for many reactions. We have developed catalytic dehydr ...
... Natural Products Akira Sakakura1 1. EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Abstract: More environmentally benign alternatives to current chemical processes, especially large-scale fundamental reactions, are in strong demand for many reactions. We have developed catalytic dehydr ...
Nature of chemical reaction - Environmental-Chemistry
... To balance the equation, choose the correct coefficient and place in front of any reactant and/or product molecule to make the number of atoms equal on both sides. ...
... To balance the equation, choose the correct coefficient and place in front of any reactant and/or product molecule to make the number of atoms equal on both sides. ...
Balanced Chemical Reaction Equations
... reacts with 5 molecules of oxygen to produce 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and 4 molecules of water. Or you could say, 1 mole of propane reacts with 5 moles of oxygen to produce 3 moles of carbon dioxide and 4 moles of water. (The scene closes as Dr. Dave rushes off to a faculty meeting, and the thr ...
... reacts with 5 molecules of oxygen to produce 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and 4 molecules of water. Or you could say, 1 mole of propane reacts with 5 moles of oxygen to produce 3 moles of carbon dioxide and 4 moles of water. (The scene closes as Dr. Dave rushes off to a faculty meeting, and the thr ...
H2O - WCCUSD.net
... Although their physical appearance is similar, and the chemical formulas (H2O and H2O2) look similar, they are different substances with different chemical properties. They will behave differently in the sam ...
... Although their physical appearance is similar, and the chemical formulas (H2O and H2O2) look similar, they are different substances with different chemical properties. They will behave differently in the sam ...
GAS PRACTICE A sample of an ideal gas is cooled from 50.0 °C to
... Questions 6-7 relate to the graph shown on the right. The graph shows the temperature of a pure substance as it is heated at a constant rate in an open vessel at 1.0 atm pressure. The substance changes from the solid to the liquid to the gas phase. 6. The substance is at its normal freezing point at ...
... Questions 6-7 relate to the graph shown on the right. The graph shows the temperature of a pure substance as it is heated at a constant rate in an open vessel at 1.0 atm pressure. The substance changes from the solid to the liquid to the gas phase. 6. The substance is at its normal freezing point at ...
File
... What is percentage yield and why do we use it? In chemical reactions we rarely, if ever, get the amount/quantity of products we calculate from a (balanced) chemical equation. The reasons for this can be: • at the end of the reaction there may be reactant left unconverted to product (see excess) • ...
... What is percentage yield and why do we use it? In chemical reactions we rarely, if ever, get the amount/quantity of products we calculate from a (balanced) chemical equation. The reasons for this can be: • at the end of the reaction there may be reactant left unconverted to product (see excess) • ...
Catalytic reforming
Catalytic reforming is a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas distilled from crude oil (typically having low octane ratings) into high-octane liquid products called reformates, which are premium blending stocks for high-octane gasoline. The process converts low-octane linear hydrocarbons (paraffins) into branched alkanes (isoparaffins) and cyclic naphthenes, which are then partially dehydrogenated to produce high-octane aromatic hydrocarbons. The dehydrogenation also produces significant amounts of byproduct hydrogen gas, which is fed into other refinery processes such as hydrocracking. A side reaction is hydrogenolysis, which produces light hydrocarbons of lower value, such as methane, ethane, propane and butanes.In addition to a gasoline blending stock, reformate is the main source of aromatic bulk chemicals such as benzene, toluene, xylene and ethylbenzene which have diverse uses, most importantly as raw materials for conversion into plastics. However, the benzene content of reformate makes it carcinogenic, which has led to governmental regulations effectively requiring further processing to reduce its benzene content.This process is quite different from and not to be confused with the catalytic steam reforming process used industrially to produce products such as hydrogen, ammonia, and methanol from natural gas, naphtha or other petroleum-derived feedstocks. Nor is this process to be confused with various other catalytic reforming processes that use methanol or biomass-derived feedstocks to produce hydrogen for fuel cells or other uses.