meiosis mitosis Independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis
... to each other. Thomas Hunt Morgan ...
... to each other. Thomas Hunt Morgan ...
Chapter 13
... product of the probabilities of each individual crossover therefore, the classes of offspring with the lowest numbers represent the double crossovers and allow the gene order to be determined ...
... product of the probabilities of each individual crossover therefore, the classes of offspring with the lowest numbers represent the double crossovers and allow the gene order to be determined ...
Karyotypes
... Short and stocky Shorter appendages Broad faces with saddle back nose profiles Thicker tongues Incidence goes up rapidly with age of mother ...
... Short and stocky Shorter appendages Broad faces with saddle back nose profiles Thicker tongues Incidence goes up rapidly with age of mother ...
RF (mu) = NPD + ½(T)/total x 100
... produced if an individual is heterozygous for alleles at only one locus per chromosome and has 22 somatic chromosome pairs? A: 2 alleles on each of 22 chromosome pairs = 222 ...
... produced if an individual is heterozygous for alleles at only one locus per chromosome and has 22 somatic chromosome pairs? A: 2 alleles on each of 22 chromosome pairs = 222 ...
Basic Principles and Genetic Crosses
... separation of all other alleles. Example: If we look at an organism with two genes e.g. AaBb, each of the A’s can join with either of the B’s at gamete formation. Thus we can have four gametes: AB, Ab, aB and ab. ...
... separation of all other alleles. Example: If we look at an organism with two genes e.g. AaBb, each of the A’s can join with either of the B’s at gamete formation. Thus we can have four gametes: AB, Ab, aB and ab. ...
Chapter 7: Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes
... dividing cells. In 1912, H. von Winiwarter counted 47 chromosomes in a dividing spermatogonial metaphase. He believed that sex determination must be dependent on an extra chromosome in the female, giving her 48. In the 1920s, Theophilus Painter observed between 45 and 48 chromosomes in cells from th ...
... dividing cells. In 1912, H. von Winiwarter counted 47 chromosomes in a dividing spermatogonial metaphase. He believed that sex determination must be dependent on an extra chromosome in the female, giving her 48. In the 1920s, Theophilus Painter observed between 45 and 48 chromosomes in cells from th ...
ChromosomesII - life.illinois.edu
... Both species 2n = 18; n = 9, chromosomes not homologous. Cabbage X Radish --> hybrid has 18 chromosomes, but meiosis is abnormal. Nondisjunction in a meristematic cell --> 36 chromosomes. The cell is said to be allopolyploid (allotetraploid). Normal meiosis! These plants are self-fertile, so can pro ...
... Both species 2n = 18; n = 9, chromosomes not homologous. Cabbage X Radish --> hybrid has 18 chromosomes, but meiosis is abnormal. Nondisjunction in a meristematic cell --> 36 chromosomes. The cell is said to be allopolyploid (allotetraploid). Normal meiosis! These plants are self-fertile, so can pro ...
Chapter 11 Powerpoint
... Chromosome Number • Chromosome number of a parental cell can change permanently • Often caused by nondisjunction – Failure of one or more pairs of duplicated chromosomes to separate during meiosis or mitosis – Nondisjunction affect the chromosome number at fertilization ...
... Chromosome Number • Chromosome number of a parental cell can change permanently • Often caused by nondisjunction – Failure of one or more pairs of duplicated chromosomes to separate during meiosis or mitosis – Nondisjunction affect the chromosome number at fertilization ...
Chapter 13
... the altered protein is encoded by a mutated DNA sequence the altered protein does not function correctly, causing a change to the phenotype the protein can be altered at only a single amino acid (e.g. sickle cell anemia) ...
... the altered protein is encoded by a mutated DNA sequence the altered protein does not function correctly, causing a change to the phenotype the protein can be altered at only a single amino acid (e.g. sickle cell anemia) ...
Polygenic Traits
... • Mothers older than 35 have rapidly increasing risk. – 95% of non-disjunctions occur with the ovum. • Most Down syndrome babies are born to women younger than 35 because those are the ages that most women have children. • Dogma: all your oocytes are present at birth; meiosis is arrested in Prophase ...
... • Mothers older than 35 have rapidly increasing risk. – 95% of non-disjunctions occur with the ovum. • Most Down syndrome babies are born to women younger than 35 because those are the ages that most women have children. • Dogma: all your oocytes are present at birth; meiosis is arrested in Prophase ...
Human Genes
... The X chromosome and the Y chromosomes determine ________. Genes located on these chromosomes are called ______________________. The Y chromosome is much ______________ than the X chromosome and appears to contain only a few genes. Why are sex linked disorders more common in males? For a ___________ ...
... The X chromosome and the Y chromosomes determine ________. Genes located on these chromosomes are called ______________________. The Y chromosome is much ______________ than the X chromosome and appears to contain only a few genes. Why are sex linked disorders more common in males? For a ___________ ...
An Aside: X Inactivation in Female Mammals
... Staining of Acetylated H3 Throughout the Cell Cycle. A field of cells containing interphase, prophase(P), prometaphase (PM) and metaphase (M); Michael J. Hendzel and Michael J. Kruhlak ...
... Staining of Acetylated H3 Throughout the Cell Cycle. A field of cells containing interphase, prophase(P), prometaphase (PM) and metaphase (M); Michael J. Hendzel and Michael J. Kruhlak ...
Remember those chromosomes?
... to be DIPLOID. (23 sets/ 46 total) Gametes (sperm & egg) have one homologue each, so they are HAPLOID. (23 total) When the sperm fertilizes the egg, it restores the chromosome number. (23 sets/ 46 total) ...
... to be DIPLOID. (23 sets/ 46 total) Gametes (sperm & egg) have one homologue each, so they are HAPLOID. (23 total) When the sperm fertilizes the egg, it restores the chromosome number. (23 sets/ 46 total) ...
Chapter 7 Notes Chapter 7 Notes
... • A person with a dimpled chin can have the genotype DD or Dd • A person with a non-dimpled chin can only have the genotype dd ...
... • A person with a dimpled chin can have the genotype DD or Dd • A person with a non-dimpled chin can only have the genotype dd ...
Karyotype
... • A situation in which an organism’s sex can affect the chances of inheriting a gene. • First studied by Morgan with fruit flies • Most sex-linked genes are found the X chromosome. Why? ...
... • A situation in which an organism’s sex can affect the chances of inheriting a gene. • First studied by Morgan with fruit flies • Most sex-linked genes are found the X chromosome. Why? ...
Homologs: behave independently in mitosis Tfm: secondary and
... Matroclinous: daughter is like mother in phenotype even in criss-cross inheritance (result from nondisjunction in anaphase) Patroclinous: son is like father in phenotype because of nondisjunction Nondisjunction: homologs fail to let go (dragged to one pole) or homologs never pair together (no ...
... Matroclinous: daughter is like mother in phenotype even in criss-cross inheritance (result from nondisjunction in anaphase) Patroclinous: son is like father in phenotype because of nondisjunction Nondisjunction: homologs fail to let go (dragged to one pole) or homologs never pair together (no ...
3. Chromosome Defects
... caused by misrepair of broken chromosomes, improper recombination, or improper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis Chromosome abnormalities can affect Germ cell (constitutional) Somatic cell 1. Variation in chromosome number polyploidy: extra sets of chromosomes 1-3% of huma ...
... caused by misrepair of broken chromosomes, improper recombination, or improper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis Chromosome abnormalities can affect Germ cell (constitutional) Somatic cell 1. Variation in chromosome number polyploidy: extra sets of chromosomes 1-3% of huma ...
3. Chromosome Defects
... caused by misrepair of broken chromosomes, improper recombination, or improper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis Chromosome abnormalities can affect Germ cell (constitutional) Somatic cell 1. Variation in chromosome number polyploidy: extra sets of chromosomes 1-3% of huma ...
... caused by misrepair of broken chromosomes, improper recombination, or improper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis or meiosis Chromosome abnormalities can affect Germ cell (constitutional) Somatic cell 1. Variation in chromosome number polyploidy: extra sets of chromosomes 1-3% of huma ...
Proliferation of cells with HIV integrated into cancer genes
... Fig. 1 Representation of HIV integration sites sampled through time.(A to C) show the scaled representation of each gene with integration sites mapped for the three participants at three intervals (times in years given along the x axis) after initiation of suppressive ART. Integration sites were de ...
... Fig. 1 Representation of HIV integration sites sampled through time.(A to C) show the scaled representation of each gene with integration sites mapped for the three participants at three intervals (times in years given along the x axis) after initiation of suppressive ART. Integration sites were de ...
SEX-RELATED INHERITANCE
... Small regions of chromosomes other than the X and Y are specifically inactivated during male and female gametogenesis; different regions are condensed in oogenesis than in spermatogenesis. The inactivated regions are not expressed in the fetus, so if the normally "active" gene(s) donated by the othe ...
... Small regions of chromosomes other than the X and Y are specifically inactivated during male and female gametogenesis; different regions are condensed in oogenesis than in spermatogenesis. The inactivated regions are not expressed in the fetus, so if the normally "active" gene(s) donated by the othe ...
(Microsoft PowerPoint - BehavGenTopic03BeyondMendel.ppt
... Different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently of each other. The result is that new combinations of genes present in neither parent are possible. Today, we know this is due to the fact that the genes for independently assorted traits are located on different chromosomes. ...
... Different pairs of alleles are passed to offspring independently of each other. The result is that new combinations of genes present in neither parent are possible. Today, we know this is due to the fact that the genes for independently assorted traits are located on different chromosomes. ...
Meiosis II
... * Offers another form of cell division that allows offspring to have same # of chromosomes as parents. • Meiosis = cell division process which produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent’s body cell. * consists of two divisions: Meiosis I & II male gametes = sperm ...
... * Offers another form of cell division that allows offspring to have same # of chromosomes as parents. • Meiosis = cell division process which produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent’s body cell. * consists of two divisions: Meiosis I & II male gametes = sperm ...
Chapter 28
... • The chromatids of homologous chromosomes often twist around each other, break, exchange segments and rejoin. Crossing-over is a source of genetic variation in sexual reproduction ...
... • The chromatids of homologous chromosomes often twist around each other, break, exchange segments and rejoin. Crossing-over is a source of genetic variation in sexual reproduction ...
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals. The other is the X chromosome. Y is the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development. The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 59 million base pairs. The Y chromosome is passed only from father to son. With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest evolving parts of the human genome. To date, over 200 Y-linked genes have been identified. All Y-linked genes are expressed and (apart from duplicated genes) hemizygous (present on only one chromosome) except in the cases of aneuploidy such as XYY syndrome or XXYY syndrome. (See Y linkage.)