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Gender-Specific Medicine: Achievements and
Gender-Specific Medicine: Achievements and

... benefits….at the same time it raises genuine concerns…”.  George Church: “This milestone and many like it should be celebrated…But…the semi-synthetic myobacterium is not changed from the wild state in any fundamental sense. Printing out a copy of an ancient text isn’t the same as understanding the ...
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Genetics Study Notes

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... • 23 from each parent Meiosis: the biological process of cell division resulting in gametes that have 23 chromosomes, which is half the amount of genetic material normally seen in a human cell. Mitosis: the biological process of cell division resulting in bodily cells that are exact copies of their ...
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... • Recombination frequencies are not always additive: 9% (b-cn) + 9.5% (cn-vg) ≠ 17% (b-vg). • Second crossing over can “cancel out” the first • Genes father apart are more likely to experience multiple crossing over events ...
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... different probability that the X chromosome carrying it will be inactivated. ◦ i. The gene Xist is required for X inactivation. Uniquely, it is expressed from the inactive X. ◦ ii. The Xist gene transcript is 17 kb. Although it has no ORFs, it receives splicing and a poly(A) tail. ◦ iii. During X in ...
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Define inheritance as the transmission of

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The Egyptian American International School

... ● Genes found on the X chromosome are X-linked genes. A sex-linked trait is a trait whose allele is located on a sex chromosome. Because males have only one X chromosome, a male who carries a recessive allele on the X or Y chromosome will exhibit the sex-linked condition. ● Pairs of genes that tend ...
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... information. The cells are called somatic cells and are said to be Diploid. Sex cells or gametes (produced in Meiosis) have only one of each chromosome and are therefore said to be Haploid. Thus during sexual reproduction two gametes combine to form a single cell zygote that obviously now have two c ...
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... Inactivation of X-linked Genes in Female Mammals Cytological studies have identified human beings with more than two X chromosomes (see Chapter 6). For the most part, these people are phenotypically normal females, apparently because all but one of their X chromosomes is inactivated. Often all the ...
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Genetics Review Questions

... A __________ is a unit of DNA inherited by an organism. A __________ allele is masked if it is paired with a dominant allele. A __________ is the gene combination for a single characteristic. Of the two sex chromosomes, the __________ has fewer genes. A female has two __________. A trait that shows ...
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Introduction to Meiosis

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Genetics, II

... determined by the presence/absence of certain chromosomes • SRY (sex-determining region of Y) in humans 1. Sex-linked inheritance 2. Sex-limited inheritance 3. Sex-influenced inheritance ...
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Y chromosome



The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals. The other is the X chromosome. Y is the sex-determining chromosome in many species, since it is the presence or absence of Y that determines the male or female sex of offspring produced in sexual reproduction. In mammals, the Y chromosome contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development. The DNA in the human Y chromosome is composed of about 59 million base pairs. The Y chromosome is passed only from father to son. With a 30% difference between humans and chimpanzees, the Y chromosome is one of the fastest evolving parts of the human genome. To date, over 200 Y-linked genes have been identified. All Y-linked genes are expressed and (apart from duplicated genes) hemizygous (present on only one chromosome) except in the cases of aneuploidy such as XYY syndrome or XXYY syndrome. (See Y linkage.)
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