Fundamental Electricity Student Study Notes
... LAB: Sketch and describe how to locate a dead short circuit. In a circuit with a dead short the circuit breaker or fuse will be open. If you reset the circuit breaker or replace the fuse it will blow open as soon as the circuit is reenergized. This occurs because total resistance for the circuit is ...
... LAB: Sketch and describe how to locate a dead short circuit. In a circuit with a dead short the circuit breaker or fuse will be open. If you reset the circuit breaker or replace the fuse it will blow open as soon as the circuit is reenergized. This occurs because total resistance for the circuit is ...
Wideband, Low-Distortion Fully Differential Amplifiers (Rev. D)
... This data was taken using the JEDEC standard High-K test PCB. Power rating is determined with a junction temperature of 125°C. This is the point where distortion starts to substantially increase. Thermal management of the final PCB should strive to keep the junction temperature at or below 125°C for ...
... This data was taken using the JEDEC standard High-K test PCB. Power rating is determined with a junction temperature of 125°C. This is the point where distortion starts to substantially increase. Thermal management of the final PCB should strive to keep the junction temperature at or below 125°C for ...
Resistors - ClassNet
... available in standard power ratings from 1/8 Watt to 1 Watt • When a resistor is used in a circuit, its power rating should be at least 25% greater than the maximum power that it will have to handle ...
... available in standard power ratings from 1/8 Watt to 1 Watt • When a resistor is used in a circuit, its power rating should be at least 25% greater than the maximum power that it will have to handle ...
5-Channel ESD Protection Array
... the VP pin of the diodes and the ground plane (VN pin of the diodes) as shown in the Application Circuit diagram below. A value of 0.22 mF is adequate for IEC−61000−4−2 level 4 contact discharge protection (8 kV). Ceramic chip capacitors mounted with short printed circuit board traces are good choi ...
... the VP pin of the diodes and the ground plane (VN pin of the diodes) as shown in the Application Circuit diagram below. A value of 0.22 mF is adequate for IEC−61000−4−2 level 4 contact discharge protection (8 kV). Ceramic chip capacitors mounted with short printed circuit board traces are good choi ...
chapter 5
... than 6600 V are called low voltage machines, and the others are high voltage machines. Because of the difficulty of insulating high voltages, machines above 22 kV rating are not built except under special conditions. Classes Y and C insulation find no application in rotating machines. Class E which ...
... than 6600 V are called low voltage machines, and the others are high voltage machines. Because of the difficulty of insulating high voltages, machines above 22 kV rating are not built except under special conditions. Classes Y and C insulation find no application in rotating machines. Class E which ...
The Control of pH and Oxidation Reduction Potential
... As shown in Figure 3, the higher the chlorine concentration, the smaller the change in ORP at a given pH. While there may be a 50 mV change in ORP between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L, it may only be 25 mV between 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L, and once the concentration reaches 10.0 mg/L, the ORP reading changes only sligh ...
... As shown in Figure 3, the higher the chlorine concentration, the smaller the change in ORP at a given pH. While there may be a 50 mV change in ORP between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L, it may only be 25 mV between 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L, and once the concentration reaches 10.0 mg/L, the ORP reading changes only sligh ...
Hardware Design Guide
... Figure 4. ADC voltage supply connection To preserve the accuracy of the A/D converter, it is necessary that analog input pins have low AC impedance. Placing a capacitor with good high frequency characteristics at the input pin of the device can be effective: the capacitor should be as large as possi ...
... Figure 4. ADC voltage supply connection To preserve the accuracy of the A/D converter, it is necessary that analog input pins have low AC impedance. Placing a capacitor with good high frequency characteristics at the input pin of the device can be effective: the capacitor should be as large as possi ...
The Eber Molls model discussed below makes one critical point. If
... predict the current IC knowing the Vbe voltage using Eber Molls. The transistor appears to operate as a diode determined by the base-‐emitter voltage but with a current IC. The base current is n ...
... predict the current IC knowing the Vbe voltage using Eber Molls. The transistor appears to operate as a diode determined by the base-‐emitter voltage but with a current IC. The base current is n ...
A Cochlear-Implant Processor for Encoding Music and Lowering Stimulation Power
... (IDR) is near 55 dB, with gain control allowing 75 dB of input dynamic range. An analog solution can therefore compete with a digital solution if the entire system maintains the necessary precision. If a task required 14 bits of output precision, 72 dB IDR and 100 KHz bandwidth at each channel, the ...
... (IDR) is near 55 dB, with gain control allowing 75 dB of input dynamic range. An analog solution can therefore compete with a digital solution if the entire system maintains the necessary precision. If a task required 14 bits of output precision, 72 dB IDR and 100 KHz bandwidth at each channel, the ...
AP7312
... The output capacitor is required to stabilize and improve the transient response of the LDO. The AP7312 is stable with very small ceramic output capacitors. Using a ceramic capacitor value that is at least 1μF with ESR≧10mΩ on the output ensures stability. Higher capacitance values help to improve l ...
... The output capacitor is required to stabilize and improve the transient response of the LDO. The AP7312 is stable with very small ceramic output capacitors. Using a ceramic capacitor value that is at least 1μF with ESR≧10mΩ on the output ensures stability. Higher capacitance values help to improve l ...
... 100 kHz, a highly linear relationship between the measurements and the commercial LCR meter was obtained. Irrespective of the real or imaginary part, the R2 values were greater than 0.988. Adopting the adjacent excitation strategy, the system was used to measure voltages from adjacent electrodes on ...
DESIGN APPROACH TO CMOS BASED CLASS-E AND CLASS-F POWER AMPLIFIERS
... designs were based around metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors, but after the introduction of a bipolar transistor with a wide-gap emitter, or HBT, bipolar transistors emerged as a preferred choice because of their higher gain and current densities at radio frequencies (RF). This resulted in ...
... designs were based around metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors, but after the introduction of a bipolar transistor with a wide-gap emitter, or HBT, bipolar transistors emerged as a preferred choice because of their higher gain and current densities at radio frequencies (RF). This resulted in ...
Click here to Paper Template
... (Demosthenous & Taylor 2002). Several analog circuits have been developed to realize certain sections of the decoder, such as branch metric calculation (BMC) and add-compare-select (ACS) units (Shakiba et al 1998, He & Cauwenberghs 2000). Acampora & Gilmore (1978) suggested an analog Viterbi decoder ...
... (Demosthenous & Taylor 2002). Several analog circuits have been developed to realize certain sections of the decoder, such as branch metric calculation (BMC) and add-compare-select (ACS) units (Shakiba et al 1998, He & Cauwenberghs 2000). Acampora & Gilmore (1978) suggested an analog Viterbi decoder ...
ECA - harishpola
... In such a case single stage amplifier is not sufficient and one requires more stages of amplification i.e., output of one stage is connected to the input of second stage of amplification circuit and the chain continues until the required characteristics of amplifier is achieved such an amplifier is ...
... In such a case single stage amplifier is not sufficient and one requires more stages of amplification i.e., output of one stage is connected to the input of second stage of amplification circuit and the chain continues until the required characteristics of amplifier is achieved such an amplifier is ...
Measurement of High Voltage - Department of Electrical Engineering
... impedance of cable or delay network = Zo = [z/y] . In a lossless cable , Zo is purely resistive. Velocity of the wave in cable = ...
... impedance of cable or delay network = Zo = [z/y] . In a lossless cable , Zo is purely resistive. Velocity of the wave in cable = ...
Resistive opto-isolator
Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.