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Click here to Paper Template
Click here to Paper Template

... (Demosthenous & Taylor 2002). Several analog circuits have been developed to realize certain sections of the decoder, such as branch metric calculation (BMC) and add-compare-select (ACS) units (Shakiba et al 1998, He & Cauwenberghs 2000). Acampora & Gilmore (1978) suggested an analog Viterbi decoder ...
DC-motor modelling and parameter identification
DC-motor modelling and parameter identification

Measurement of High Voltage - Department of Electrical Engineering
Measurement of High Voltage - Department of Electrical Engineering

... impedance of cable or delay network = Zo = [z/y] . In a lossless cable , Zo is purely resistive. Velocity of the wave in cable = ...
Bistability and Pulsations in Semiconductor Lasers
Bistability and Pulsations in Semiconductor Lasers

Relay Output Modules IC693/694MDL916, GFK-2404B
Relay Output Modules IC693/694MDL916, GFK-2404B

... The 4 Amp 16 Point Relay Output module provides 16 Form A relays for controlling output loads. The maximum output switching capacity of each circuit is 4 Amps. Each output point is isolated from the other points, and each point has a separate common power output terminal. Outputs provide a high degr ...
ECA - harishpola
ECA - harishpola

... In such a case single stage amplifier is not sufficient and one requires more stages of amplification i.e., output of one stage is connected to the input of second stage of amplification circuit and the chain continues until the required characteristics of amplifier is achieved such an amplifier is ...
(no dtcs): check the fan control primary circuits
(no dtcs): check the fan control primary circuits

The generation of the action potential
The generation of the action potential

... very good insulator (the myelin) that ensheats the axon between nodes of Ranvier, where the activation of the Na conductance occurs in the exposed axon. An active node of Ranvier will excite its neighboring node by the same mechanism outlined above, except that because they are so far apart, the act ...
D.C. GENERATOR
D.C. GENERATOR

Si8660/61/62/63
Si8660/61/62/63

Aalborg Universitet Secondary Voltage Unbalance Compensation for Three-Phase Four-Wire Islanded Microgrids
Aalborg Universitet Secondary Voltage Unbalance Compensation for Three-Phase Four-Wire Islanded Microgrids

Rail-to-rail 0.9 V nanopower comparator
Rail-to-rail 0.9 V nanopower comparator

Datasheet - Monolithic Power System
Datasheet - Monolithic Power System

BDTIC
BDTIC

... filament. With a second sense resistor the filament of a paralleled lamp can be included into the lamp removal sense. During typical start-up with connected filaments of the lamp a current source IRES3 (20µA) is active as long as Vcc> 10,5V and VRES< VRESC1 (1,6V). An open Lowside filament is detect ...
EEE-PP-004 - 2027
EEE-PP-004 - 2027

as a PDF
as a PDF

3.4 Basic Silicon Devices
3.4 Basic Silicon Devices

RF Coils - 81Bones.net
RF Coils - 81Bones.net

... body such as the torso or the head (have a large FOV but modest signal-to noise-ratio (SNR) – A surface coil usually is made of a small metal loop, which is placed up against the portion of the body surface to be examined (have a small (shallow) FOV but a higher SNR). • These resonators can be chara ...
Spark Gap Surge Protectors For Lv Mains
Spark Gap Surge Protectors For Lv Mains

Implementation of Efficiency Enhancement Techniques in the Linear
Implementation of Efficiency Enhancement Techniques in the Linear

... It is well known that power amplifiers cannot operate efficiently when used for linear amplification. The classes A, B and AB are considered linear amplifiers and have been used for linear applications such examples are amplitude modulation (AM), single-sideband modulation (SSB), and quadrate amplit ...
E522.32 Demoboard 2 x Boost-to-Battery AN 0158 Headlight LED
E522.32 Demoboard 2 x Boost-to-Battery AN 0158 Headlight LED

SPECIFICATION SilverStone ST30NF for Standard Switching Power
SPECIFICATION SilverStone ST30NF for Standard Switching Power

... requirement over all rated AC voltages, frequencies, and output loading conditions. Any dropout of the AC line shall not cause damage to the power supply. An AC line dropout is defined as a drop in AC line to 0VAC at any phase of the AC line for any length of time. 2.6 AC Surge Voltages The power su ...
signals and noise
signals and noise

Datasheet - STMicroelectronics
Datasheet - STMicroelectronics

2. VLSI Basic
2. VLSI Basic

< 1 ... 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 ... 2207 >

Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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