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A Portable Sensing System for Electronic Tongue Operations
A Portable Sensing System for Electronic Tongue Operations

... This ET sensor appeals to the food industry because it can be ruggedised to withstand CIP (cleanin-place) and meet the requirements for repeatability[29]. The term ruggedised refers to the sensor being robust enough and suitable for use in the monitoring of both batch and continuous production syste ...
NEON BULB OSCILLATOR EXPERIMENT
NEON BULB OSCILLATOR EXPERIMENT

CHAPTER 3 Special-Purpose Diodes
CHAPTER 3 Special-Purpose Diodes

... Zener diode also can be used in ac applications to limit voltage swings to desired level a) To limit the +ve peak of a signal voltage to the selected zener voltage - During –ve alternation, zener arts as FB diode & limits the –ve voltage to -0.7V b) Zener diode is turn around -The –ve peak is by zen ...
LC081
LC081

402 Series High Voltage - TDK
402 Series High Voltage - TDK

... pulse forming networks, and a broad range of pulse generator circuits, without the need for a series current limiting resistor. They can also be used in many continuous DC applications including beam power for RF devices such as magnetrons, gyrotrons, klystrons and electron beam loads. The 402 serie ...
L045076774
L045076774

contacting bare silicon solar cells with advanced cell metallisation
contacting bare silicon solar cells with advanced cell metallisation

TDA8947J 4-channel audio amplifier
TDA8947J 4-channel audio amplifier

... pin compatible with the TDA8944AJ and TDA8946AJ. The TDA8947J contains a unique protection circuit that is solely based on multiple temperature measurements inside the chip. This gives maximum output power for all supply voltages and load conditions with no unnecessary audio holes. Almost any supply ...
Section Questions
Section Questions

... Why don’t industrial spray painters get spray paint on the floor and walls behind the object they are painting?  The paint is attracted to the surface it is painting, because it is the opposite charge of the paint. That attraction is so strong that it will be more attracted to the object instead of ...
Voltage recovery after unbalanced and balanced voltage dips in
Voltage recovery after unbalanced and balanced voltage dips in

Transmission Line Design Information In these notes, I would like to
Transmission Line Design Information In these notes, I would like to

FSA8058 Audio Jack Detection and Configuration Switch with Moisture Sensing
FSA8058 Audio Jack Detection and Configuration Switch with Moisture Sensing

... All typical values are for VCC=3.3 V at TA=25°C unless otherwise specified. ...
IGBT or MOSFET: Choose Wisely
IGBT or MOSFET: Choose Wisely

... temperature, when switching at the lower frequency. This illustrates the subject of this paper, namely there is no iron clad rule which can be used to determine which device will offer the best performance in a specific type of circuit. Depending upon the exact power level, devices being considered, ...
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DPKC_Mod02_Part03_v08

a 12-Bit Serial Daisy-Chain CMOS D/A Converter DAC8143
a 12-Bit Serial Daisy-Chain CMOS D/A Converter DAC8143

... applications, ac specifications of the amplifier are not very critical. In high speed applications, slew rate, settling time, openloop gain and gain/phase margin specifications of the amplifier should be selected for the desired performance. It has already been noted that an offset can be caused by ...
LTC4054-4.2 数据手册DataSheet 在线下载
LTC4054-4.2 数据手册DataSheet 在线下载

... using a constant-current/constant-voltage algorithm. It can deliver up to 800mA of charge current (using a good thermal PCB layout) with a final float voltage accuracy of ±1%. The LTC4054 includes an internal P-channel power MOSFET and thermal regulation circuitry. No blocking diode or external curr ...
LT6016/LT6017 - Dual/Quad 3.2MHz, 0.8V/μs Low Power, Over-The-Top Precision Op Amp
LT6016/LT6017 - Dual/Quad 3.2MHz, 0.8V/μs Low Power, Over-The-Top Precision Op Amp

... may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: Voltages applied are with respect to V–. The inputs are tested to the Absolute Maximum Rating by applying –25V (relative to V–) to each ...
EES612-Lab2-DC Motor.. - Department of Electrical and Computer
EES612-Lab2-DC Motor.. - Department of Electrical and Computer

... DC power supply module EMS 8821 (for applying armature and field voltages) Dynamometer module EMS 8911 (for applying load torque) Hand-held tachometer (for measuring shaft speed) Bench-top digital multimeter (for measuring armature voltage) Hand-held clamp-on ammeters (for measuring armature and fie ...
6 pulse vs. 12 and 18 pulse harmonics effect reduction White paper
6 pulse vs. 12 and 18 pulse harmonics effect reduction White paper

... pollution that can cause some equipment to malfunction if it exceeds certain limits. Harmonic current is specified with a frequency at multiples of the Base Frequency. For instance a 300 Hz current on a 60 Hz network is the 5th harmonic. Systems with such a 300 Hz current will see a 300Hz distortion ...
Home Electric Wiring
Home Electric Wiring

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Influence of the Snubbers and Matching Transformer on an Optimal



Vinf
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... output. Defuzzifier circuit (DFC) presented in this paper avoids the use of op-amp divider and multipliers, which relatively use large design area. To substitute the use of division circuit, a new defuzzification circuit based on center of gravity method called a voltage followeraggregation circuit ...
R e s is tors - 2 0 W a n d 3 5 W P o w e r a t 2 5 °C
R e s is tors - 2 0 W a n d 3 5 W P o w e r a t 2 5 °C

Cree UR2-24-36L-40K-S-FD Spec Sheet
Cree UR2-24-36L-40K-S-FD Spec Sheet

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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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