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DesigningWithCompone..
DesigningWithCompone..

... mouse at all, the motors will simply "twitch" and the rotor will not rotate to the next position. In order to move the mouse, the motors must be accelerated to top speed. Likewise, in order to stop the mouse, the motors must be slowed down. A graph of the stepper's speed would look like ...
Complex Circuits I 0.8
Complex Circuits I 0.8

... the current through them would decrease in order to satisfy Kirchhoff’s node law. Leslie said that one-third of the current would go through the new bulb, so the currents through the other bulbs would adjust. Robin said that the brightness of the first two bulbs wouldn’t change, because the power su ...
HT-5500 - Ono Sokki Technologies
HT-5500 - Ono Sokki Technologies

... and then no input signal is supplied for one second or more, ...
A Current-Control Strategy for Voltage
A Current-Control Strategy for Voltage

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... Abstract—The use of induction heating in industrial applications is old and wide. In recent years, this technology was entered to domestic use. The induction cookers use induction heating for cooking. The induction cookers come in a variety of forms. In this paper, it deals with the design of pancak ...
View/Open - Naval Postgraduate School
View/Open - Naval Postgraduate School

ADC0801/ADC0802/ADC0803/ADC0804/ADC0805 8
ADC0801/ADC0802/ADC0803/ADC0804/ADC0805 8

... For VIN(−)≥ VIN(+) the digital output code will be 0000 0000. Two on-chip diodes are tied to each analog input (see block diagram) which will forward conduct for analog input voltages one diode drop below ground or one diode drop greater than the VCC supply. Be careful, during testing at low VCC lev ...
Simple Circuit, Breadboard, and Multimeter - Galileo
Simple Circuit, Breadboard, and Multimeter - Galileo

Standard Products Business Promotion - Renesas e
Standard Products Business Promotion - Renesas e

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... For VIN(−)≥ VIN(+) the digital output code will be 0000 0000. Two on-chip diodes are tied to each analog input (see block diagram) which will forward conduct for analog input voltages one diode drop below ground or one diode drop greater than the VCC supply. Be careful, during testing at low VCC lev ...
ADC0820 8-Bit High Speed MuP Compatible A/D Converter with
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... Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device beyond its specified operating conditions. Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin, unless otherwise specifie ...
AD5532B: 英文产品数据手册下载
AD5532B: 英文产品数据手册下载

... Offset Input. The user can supply a voltage here to offset the output span. OFFS_OUT can also be tied to this pin if the user wants to drive this pin with the offset channel. Offset Output. This is the acquired/programmed offset voltage that can be tied to OFFS_IN to offset the span. This output tel ...
MiCOM C264 - Elektronický katalog Schneider Electric
MiCOM C264 - Elektronický katalog Schneider Electric

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Voyetra 8 Hardware Maintenance Manual

... Alternately, the Quality Control/Calibration test tape may be loaded into the instrument and the documented test procedure may be used to test all system functions for proper operation. It is strongly suggested that a problem be verified prior to attempting any system troubleshooting. Examples of no ...
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... The HH10D relative humidity sensor module is comprised with a capacitive type humidity sensor, a CMOS capacitor to frequency converter and an EEPROM used to holding the calibration factors. Due to the characteristics of capacitor type humidity sensor, the system can respond to humidity change very f ...
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... operation of a CMOS functional unit level off to a defined minimum level [1] no matter how slowly the circuit is allowed to run. Thus, if a device with significantly improved leakage characteristics (i.e., steeper sub-threshold slope) were available, major improvements in energy efficiency over CMOS ...
MAXQ8913 16-Bit, Mixed-Signal Microcontroller with Op Amps, General Description
MAXQ8913 16-Bit, Mixed-Signal Microcontroller with Op Amps, General Description

... Note 15: Devices that use nonstandard supply voltages that do not conform to the intended I2C-bus system levels must relate their input levels to the VDVDD voltage to which the pullup resistors RP are connected. Note 16: Maximum VIH_I2C = VDVDD(MAX) + 0.5V. Note 17: CB = capacitance of one bus line ...
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Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents

... “Specific”. The recommended applications for each Renesas Electronics product depends on the product’s quality grade, as indicated below. You must check the quality grade of each Renesas Electronics product before using it in a particular application. You may not use any Renesas Electronics product ...


Breadboard and Circuit Diagram Basics
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... Breadboards come in a variety of sizes and shapes, but they all work the same way. They all have two distinct areas — bus strips and terminal strips. The bus strips are on the top and/or bottom of the breadboard; often, as in Figure 5, two bus strips are located across the top and two across the bot ...
E f
E f

... • Synchronous motors are used to convert electric power to mechanical power • Most synchronous motors are rated between 150 kW (200 hp) and 15 MW (20,000 hp) and turn at speed ranging from 150 to 1800 r/min. Consequently, these machines are used in ...
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Resistive opto-isolator



Resistive opto-isolator (RO), also called photoresistive opto-isolator, vactrol (after a genericized trademark introduced by Vactec, Inc. in the 1960s), analog opto-isolator or lamp-coupled photocell, is an optoelectronic device consisting of a source and detector of light, which are optically coupled and electrically isolated from each other. The light source is usually a light-emitting diode (LED), a miniature incandescent lamp, or sometimes a neon lamp, whereas the detector is a semiconductor-based photoresistor made of cadmium selenide (CdSe) or cadmium sulfide (CdS). The source and detector are coupled through a transparent glue or through the air.Electrically, RO is a resistance controlled by the current flowing through the light source. In the dark state, the resistance typically exceeds a few MOhm; when illuminated, it decreases as the inverse of the light intensity. In contrast to the photodiode and phototransistor, the photoresistor can operate in both the AC and DC circuits and have a voltage of several hundred volts across it. The harmonic distortions of the output current by the RO are typically within 0.1% at voltages below 0.5 V.RO is the first and the slowest opto-isolator: its switching time exceeds 1 ms, and for the lamp-based models can reach hundreds of milliseconds. Parasitic capacitance limits the frequency range of the photoresistor by ultrasonic frequencies. Cadmium-based photoresistors exhibit a ""memory effect"": their resistance depends on the illumination history; it also drifts during the illumination and stabilizes within hours, or even weeks for high-sensitivity models. Heating induces irreversible degradation of ROs, whereas cooling to below −25 °C dramatically increases the response time. Therefore, ROs were mostly replaced in the 1970s by the faster and more stable photodiodes and photoresistors. ROs are still used in some sound equipment, guitar amplifiers and analog synthesizers owing to their good electrical isolation, low signal distortion and ease of circuit design.
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